• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

When the queue length of congestion vehicles in tunnel fire is extended beyond tunnel length, the capacity of smoke control system needs to be increased in line with ventilation resistance. However, the vehicle queue length is not defined, so a rational equation is necessary in current fire prevention guideline. This study is intended to propose an equation to calculate the queue length considering the number of vehicles in queue in tunnel fire and evaluate the applicability by tunnel length as well. When it comes to normal tunnel, it is necessary to compare the vehicle queue length with tunnel length up to the length of 1,200 m in a bid to avoid applying the vehicle queue length excessively in case of fire. As a result of evaluation of applicability to model a tunnel, saving the number of jet fan for smoke control appeared to be effective. Besides, quantitative approach to explain the vehicle queue length through the relationship between the percentage of large vehicles and tunnel length was presented. Consequently, when the queue length of the congestion vehicles exceeds the tunnel length in determining the capacity of smoke control system in case of fire, the number of vehicles beyond the tunnel length needs to be excluded from estimating the ventilation resistance by vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.526-533
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• 2009

Fire accidents reported to the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) during 1997.2006 in Korea are investigated. A survey of 23523 accidents due to fires is presented. Statistical comparisons based on the type of accidents and the causes of fires are analysed. The results indicated that 27.5% of the total number of fires are residental houses and apartments and 18.0% were motor vehicles. Electricity was classified to be the highest cause of fire ignition sourses and smoking was the second source of ignition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.516-521
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the operation of railroad fire fighting vehicles against fires on trains in a long railway tunnel. In recent years, long railway tunnels (more than 10 km in length) have been built and the number of such tunnels, such as the Geumjeong tunnel (20.3 km in length) on the Gyeongbu high speed line, Solan tunnel (16.7 km in length) on the Yeongdong line and Yulhyeon tunnel (50.3 km in length) on the Suseo high speed line which is scheduled to be opened in the second half of 2016, is increasing. Significant damage is to be expected, due to the increased evacuation time and limited accessibility of fire services when the train is stopped by an urgent fire in the tunnel. Special fire fighting vehicles capable of running on rails have been developed and operated in overseas advanced countries. Therefore, a fire-response system using Unimog vehicles, which can run on road and rail, instead of road vehicles, is necessary. The characteristics of the railway tunnel and thermal environmental change caused by a train fire in a tunnel were analyzed in this study. Also, the operational requirements of the railroad fire fighting vehicles were evaluated by taking into account the specifications of the railroad fire fighting vehicles under development.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to suggest ways to capitalize on the golden period for timely response to fire and emergency victims. To implement a system to effectively capitalize on the golden period, there is a need for policy measures as well as legal and social consensus. Precedent research has relentlessly mentioned the need for and feasibility of the priority traffic system for emergency vehicles. To this end, the present study involved an analysis of pilot cases of the priority traffic signal system for emergency vehicles introduced in a city during 26 days, from April 3 to 28, 2017. Out of 58 cases registered with the local 1-1-9 fire house, the number of cases that took advantage of the priority traffic system stood at 16 in response to fire and 11 to first-aid operations. Owing to the system, on average, the response time reduced by 3 min and 50 s in case of fire and by 3 min and 30 s for first aid. There were four complaints registered owing to traffic congestion, and the number of car accidents declined to one from six over the same period in the previous year. Based on these findings, it is safe to say that the priority traffic signal system would be effective for emergency vehicles to capitalize on the golden period if issues identified during the pilot run are resolved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.175-181
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

"Phenolic composite", one of safety composites was chosen to build rolling stock in England while it was applied to building materials in London Underground facilities. This paper was written by Mr. Denver E. Brown. He emphasizes, from visibility and toxicity points of view, phenolic is the best and Mr. Forsdyke says, there is no question, passenger's lives are No. 1 issue, material recycling is not No.1! not No.1!

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 2009

The thermo-flow field in road tunnel is influenced by some facts such as piston effect of vehicle's move, operation of ventilation facilities, natural wind and buoyancy effect of fire plume. Among those, piston effect is one of primary causes for formation of air flow in road tunnel and has an effect on initial direction of smoke flow in tunnel fire. In this study to analyze the unsteady flow in the tunnel caused by the run of vehicle, the experimental study of vehicle-induced unsteady flow on a reduced-scale model tunnel is presented. While the three types of vehicle shape such as basic type of rectangular shape, diamond-head type and stair-tail type are changed, the pressure and air velocity variations with time are measured. The rising ratio of pressure and velocity are in order of "basic type of rectangular shape > stair-tail type > diamond-head type". The experimental results would be good data for development of a numerical method on the vehicle-induced unsteady tunnel flow.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.159-159
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• 2005

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

Since Daegu subway arson fire disaster in 2003, there have been several copycat crimes such as at Seoul Metro line number seven and Hongkong Chuiwan line cases. Oil and gas were used for fire propagation in most cases as in Daegu case and such fire could be expanded to a whole subway cabin within several minutes. The fire may eventually cause the whole subway system stop. Fire damage can be minimized when fire occurrence and diffusion are blocked by stages or isolated rapidly. This study suggests an effective early response system that separates passengers from fire and a real-time fire extinguishment program by stages. Based on the subway arson case studies, the early response scenario has been structured by three stages, i.e., confirmation of fire and damage, early fire extinguishment, and information dissemination and passengers evacuation.