• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Molecular relationship and genetic diversity of 21 wild tea collections which grown natural region in Korea were investigated based on PCR-RFLP analysis using DFR genes. Approximately 1.4kb fragment of the DFR gene from wild tea samples were successfully amplified use DFR 4+5 primer pair. On the bases of restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis using Hpa II and Mse I enzymes, three different band patterns shown from Hpa II enzyme and showed genetic diversity between same region wild tea group. Six kind of restriction enzyme profiles obtained from digested with restriction endonuclease Mse I and shown two kind of restriction enzyme profiles collected from same region wild tea at Ungpo. The results of RFLP analysis indicated that wild tea showed genetic diversity among different regions of tea groups, but also between same region wild tea.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009

Genetic diversity and genetic structure within the Geum River and Mankyung River populations of the Korean endangered Black shinner (Pseudopungtungia nigra) were assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). AFLP analysis using five primer combinations generated 447 AFLP bands with 64.1% polymorphism (Geum River 74.6% and Mankyung River 53.6%). The heterozygosities within the two populations were calculated to be 0.170 and 0.104, respectively. Their average genetic diversities are 0.240 and 0.147, respectively. The pairwise Fst value (0.150) indicated distinct genetic differentiation between the two populations. A UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance among the individuals revealed a division corresponding to geographical regions, with low genetic variation within the Mankyung River population, and low genetic distance (0.026) between the two populations. Consequently, the two populations may have the same genetic origin The Geum River population will be more suitable than the Mankyung River population for conservation plans to increase the population sizes. Genetic and habitat management will be necessary for the Mankyung River population.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2012

The genetic variation in populations of Eranthis byunsanensis, an endemic and rare species of Korea, was studied using starch gel electrophoresis. All five known populations were sampled for allozyme electrophoresis of nine enzymes coded by 10 loci. The overall genetic variation of E. byunsanensis population was shown to be considerably high within the populations (A = 2.4, P = 90.0, $H_E$ = 0.311). A positive $F_{IS}$ value of E. byunsanensis indicated an overall deficiency of heterozygotes, and a low $F_{ST}$ value (0.131) showed little differentiation among populations. The high genetic variation, less genetic differentiation among populations, and a significant amount of heterozygote deficiency propose the hypothesis that they have an experience of recent isolation and fragmentation of their habitat. Thus, the rate of gene flow has been drastically reduced, and the rate of inbreeding in E. byunsanensis populations has increased. Current habitats in Mai-san and Naro-do are vulnerable due to their small population size and the levels of anthropogenic activity in the region constantly threatening survival of this species. Because of the high genetic variation and low levels of differentiation among populations in E. byunsanensis, it is not issue which populations have a priority for protection, but we may concern the plan to maintain population continuously and diminish the rate of inbreeding.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

A number of Korean native chicken(KNC) populations were registered in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) DAD-IS (Domestic Animal Diversity Information Systems, http://www.fao.org/dad-is). But there is a lack of scientific basis to prove that they are unique population of Korea. For this reason, this study was conducted to prove KNC's uniqueness using 25 Microsatellite markers. A total of 548 chickens from 11 KNC populations (KNG, KNB, KNR, KNW, KNY, KNO, HIC, HYD, HBC, JJC, LTC) and 7 introduced populations (ARA: Araucana, RRC and RRD: Rhode Island Red C and D, LGF and LGK: White Leghorn F and K, COS and COH: Cornish brown and Cornish black) were used. Allele size per locus was decided using GeneMapper Software (v 5.0). A total of 195 alleles were observed and the range was 3 to 14 per locus. The MNA, $H_{\exp}$, $H_{obs}$, PIC value within population were the highest in KNY (4.60, 0.627, 0.648, 0.563 respectively) and the lowest in HYD (1.84, 0.297, 0.286, 0.236 respectively). The results of genetic uniformity analysis suggested 15 cluster (${\Delta}K=66.22$). Excluding JJC, the others were grouped in certain cluster with high genetic uniformity. JJC was not grouped in certain cluster but grouped in cluster 2 (44.3%), cluster 3 (17.7%) and cluster8 (19.1%). As a results of this study, we can secure a scientific basis about KNC's uniqueness and these results can be use to basic data for the genetic evaluation and management of KNC breeds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2002

The study of genetic diversity was carried out in Atractylodes japonica $K_{OIDZ}$. Although this species has been regarded as medically important one, there is no report on population structure in Korea. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the allozyme variation and genetic structure of eight Korean populations of this species. Of the 15 genetic loci surveyed, nine (60.0%) was polymorphic in at least one population. Genetic diversity was high at the species level $(H_{es}=0.144)$, whereas, that of the population level was relatively low $(H_{ep}=0.128)$. Nearly 87% of the total genetic diversity in A. japonica was apportioned within populations. The sexual reproduction, high fecundity, and perennials are proposed as possible factors contributing to high genetic diversity. The indirect estimated of gene flow based on Gst was 1.69.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

The genetic diversity and structure of P. tongkangensis in 5 populations from 3 regions was investigated using 56 markers derived from 6 ISSR primers. Genetic diversity at the species level (P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240) was substantial considering the limited distribution and small size of populations. Genetic differentiation among regions (12%) and among populations (13%) in the region was not clearly evident, which suggested a moderate level of gene flow among adjacent populations. The Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic differentiation (${\Phi}_{ST}$) and geographic distance among populations. This was supported by cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The significant difference in marker band frequency at many loci and their fixation in opposite directions in the smallest and most isolated population SC were considered due to genetic drift. Therefore, the genetic diversity of P. tongkangensis could be compromised if the distribution area or the size of the population was further reduced. In particular, small and isolated populations could be at great risk of extinction. Considering this, the unique habitats of P. tongkangensis should be protected and the reduction of population size should be closely monitored. Conservation efforts including the seeding and planting of seedlings should be done carefully based on their genetic and ecological traits. Our data support the argument that establishing an integrated management system for the efficient conservation of P. tongkangensis is critical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2013

Deutzia paniculata Nakai is a Korean endemic species that has a very restricted distribution in Gyeongsang-do, South Korea. The genetic diversity and structure of five populations of D. paniculata were investigated using 31 ISSR loci from six primers. The Shannon's index (0.429) and genetic diversity (0.271) were relatively higher than those of other rare plant species in Korea. The Miryang (MY) and Yangsan (YS) populations, which have higher flowering rates than the other populations, showed greater genetic diversity than the other populations. An analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 16% of the total variation could be attributed to differences among the populations, and 84% to the differences within populations, indicating moderate gene flow among adjacent populations. The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in the Deutzia paniculata populations, which have a restricted distribution, is considered to be affected by outcrossing of the mating system and abundant individuals in the populations. These results suggest that ex situ conservation strategies are needed to sustain the current genetic diversity of D. paniculata.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1998

Larval morphological characters such as body color and stripe pattern were analyzed to get morphological genetic markers of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner). Body color was varied from light green to dark brown with diets. Stripe characters were classified by the presence of dorsal and lateral lines: three stripes with both lines, one stripe with dorsal line only, and zero stripe. Proportions of each stripe character increased with successive selections for its own character. Three stripe was dominant to one stripe when they were crossed. The estimated heritability in narrow sense (h2) of the stripe pattern was 0.50k0.42. About two fold more females than males were produced in zero stripe line. Stripe pattern was not significantly changed by different diets except in welsh onion which had lower proportion of three stripe individuals than that of the expected. Larval stripe pattern was also correlated with larval and pupal developmental rates and cold hardiness but not with insecticide susceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

We investigated the genetic variation in Stewartia koreana Nakai by examining 61 I-SSR amplicons in 120 individuals distributed among six natural populations in Korea. The overall percentage of polymorphic I-SSR amplicons was 81.9% and mean number of amplicons per I-SSR primer was 12.2. Levels of genetic diversity within 6 populations were similar each other[Shannon's Index $0.358{\sim}0.467$(mean: 0.407)]. The Mt. Obong population had the highest level of genetic diversity and was most distinctive from the other populations. Most variation existed among individuals within population(88.2%). Genetic differentiation among populations(${\phi}_{ST}$) was 0.118. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the genetic distance failed in showing decisive geographic relationships.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.137-150
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• 1984

The present experiments were carried out to understand the genetic structure of the natural population by means of the frequencies of recessive lethal and sterility genes on the second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The natural populations used for experiment were Anyang, Kimpo and Ulsan populations in 1982 and 1983. The mean frequencies of deleterious gene (lethal plus semilethal) were estimated 29.01% in Anyang, 30.07% in Kimpo and 32.31% in Ulsan population. Allelism rates on the chromosome between lethals extracted from natural populations were examined within or between populations. The mean allelism rates were showed 2.28% in Anyang, 1.90% in Kimpo and 2.17% in Ulsan. The values of elimination $(IQ^2)$ were estimated by frequencies of deleterious genes and allelism rates. The mean values of elimination were 0.0020 in Anyang, 0.0019 in Kimpo and 0.0023 in Ulsan population. The effective population size was estimated by using a formula by Nei. Anyang, Kimpo and Ulsan populations were about 2, 900, 3, 600 and 3, 200, respecively. These data suggest that Korean populations of Drosophila melanogaster attained to stable breeding units of intermediate size, ranging from 2, 900 to 3, 600 pairs of fertile individuals.