• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2002

Purpose: The incidence of shigellosis had been decreased due to the use of antibiotics and the improvement of environmental sanitation but recently increases again. Shigellosis occurrs in mass outbreak through unsanitized meal preperation refered from welfare facility and school. We observed epidemic aspect and clinical coarse of childhood shigellosis. Methods: from December 2001 to January 2002, 22 inpatients with shigellosis in Dongbu Municipal Hospital were observed epidemiologically, clinically and microbiologically. Results: 1. The sexual ratio was 1:1 and mean age was $5.5{\pm}1.4$ years (14 months to 11 years). 2. The clinical manifestations were following: diarrhea (95.5%), high feve (10%) and asymptomatic (4.5%). The mean duration was $3.9{\pm}2.1$ days (1 to 12 days). All patients had no complication and normal serologic test. 3. S. sonnei was cultured in rectal swab, and was resistant to TMP/SMX and ampicillin, but susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam and the 3rd generation cephalosporins. 4. The patients were treated by antibiotics with conservative treatment including electrolytes and fluid therapy for 5 days, resulting in improvement confirmed by negative reaction on stool culture. 5. These cases were all occurred in mass outbreak in day care center and were suspected to be secondary infection by members of family. Conclusion: This shigellosis occurred in day care center was secondary infection due to S. sonnei and had mild clinical coarse and improvement after antibiotic treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebrovascular accident patients who divided cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction as a result of body composition. cerebral infarction patients of cerebrovascular accidents were observed the higher ratio than cerebrovascular hemorrhage patients. Experimental group were sixteen subjects who had received. We used experimental instruments such as inbody to measurement body composition. The result were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding Change in body composition according to the come of onset. 2. Change in body composition according to the sex, the soft lean mass were significantly different (p<.05). But the other variations were not significantly different between two groups. 3. Regarding the change in body composition according to the region of paralysis, the soft lean mass differ significantly(p<.05). But the other variations did not differ significantly between two groups.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2012

최근의 구제역 발생은 발생규모와 확산속도 면에서 과거에 우리가 경험했던 구제역과는 확연하게 달랐다. 수 많은 가축을 매몰하고, 그 동안의 모든 방역경험을 다 쏟아 부었지만 구제역의 확산속도는 수그러들지 않았다. 그러한 상황에서 더 이상의 가축의 희생을 줄이고, 축산업 자체의 붕괴를 막기 위하여 전국적인 긴급 예방접종은 불가피한 선택이었다고 생각한다. 다행스럽게도 전국적인 긴급 예방접종 이후 단기간에 구제역의 발생은 급격하게 감소되었고, 현재는 임상증상을 나타내는 발생은 거의 자취를 감추었다. 그러나 발생 감소와는 상관없이 앞으로도 당분간은 정기적인 예방접종이 지속될 전망이다. 첫째, 내적으로는 아직도 바이러스 전파원이 될 수 있는 잠복감염 가축(즉 캐리어)이 남아있을 수 있기 때문이며, 둘째, 외적으로는 우리나라 주변국에서 구제역의 발생이 지속되고 있는 상황에서 언제라도 새로운 구제역 바이러스가 국내에 유입될 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 당분간은 철저한 예방접종을 통하여 구제역이 발병, 확산되지 않도록 하여야 한다. 구제역과 같은 전염병의 확산을 막기 위해서는 감수성이 있는 가축집단에 일정수준의 면역이 유지되어야 하는데, 질병 역학자들은 집단 내 80% 이상의 개체가 면역이 되어야 한다고 한다. 그런데 구제역 예방접종 이후 소는 항체 형성이 잘되는 반면에 돼지는 항체 형성률이 낮게 나타난다는 양돈농가의 호소가 이어지고 있다. 이에 따라 방역당국과 양돈협회에서는 올바른 예방접종 요령에 대한 홍보자료를 작성하여 농가에 배포하고, 전문수의사를 동원한 교육을 계획하고 있다. 본고에서는 구제역 예방접종의 효과를 높이고, 접종 부작용을 줄이기 위하여 어떻게 백신을 관리하고 접종해야 하는지 상세하게 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1992

Of 80 cases of Salmonellosis reported in a provincial area in 1992, 90% were related to outbreaks, which occurred from Apr. to Nov. And the serotypes include the following: typhimurium, hadar, and enteritidis etc. Among these outbreaks the authors carried out the epidemiological investigation for 'I-eup'(highest attack region) outbreak. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The S. typhimurium isolated from stools of 7 cases among 29 cases. 2. The common-source of exposure was boiled pork and/or skewered slices of seasoned meat. 3. The incidence rate was 65.1%(29 cases). 4. The incidence showed significant difference between males(32.1%) and females(80.0%). 5. The incidence in under 20 years of age and 40 years of age were much higher than other age groups but there was no significant difference among much age groups. 6. The mean and the median incubation period were 18.5 and 17.0 hours respectively. 7. The secondary attack was not appeared.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.411-423
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• 1994

The survey methods for confirming the epidemicity and identifying the possible causes of the cancer epidemic can be different from those for infectious diseases. The procedure for confirming whether the outbreak is epidemic or not is quite different. Household survey for identifying cancer cases and residents actually living at the area should be done. Hospital survey for medical record review should be performed to identify all cancer cases among the residents of the outbreak area and confirmig the final diagnoses of the cancer cases. Comparing the level of cancer incidence or mortality with other areas can be done by using Poisson distribution, or calculating SIR (Standard Incidence Ratio) from cumulative incidence rates. Case-control study can be conducted to identify the etiologic, factors of the cancer epidemic and to establish strategy for preventing further recurrence of the outbreak.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2008

데이터베이스 시스템의 사용은 다양한 분야에서 필수적으로 사용되고 있다. 정보의 양이 증가함에 따라서 축적된 정보들의 연관성을 찾아내어 새로운 정보를 발굴하는 데이터 마이닝 기법이 지속적으로 연구 개발되고 있으며 데이터 마이닝 기법으로 얻게 된 새로운 정보들은 새로운 가치 창출을 위해 여러 분야에 적용되고 있다. 그 중에서도 의료 서비스 분야에서의 데이터베이스 시스템은 고령화 시대에 건강의 중요성이 강조됨에 따라 보다 적극적으로 활용되어지고 있다. 하지만 지금까지의 의료분야에서의 데이터베이스 시스템 활용은 개인의 의료정보를 데이터베이스 시스템에 저장하고 그것을 바탕으로 개인의 건강에 대한 검진이나 치료 등의 서비스를 제공하는데 국한되어왔다. 개인 맞춤 의료 서비스에도 불구하고 유전이나 지역특화적인 질병, 질환에 의한 때늦은 발견과 치료는 여전히 많은 이들을 고통 받게 하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 각 의료기관에 등록된 환자의 각 질병의 발병 패턴과 치료 정보 등을 토대로 유전적요인과 환경적 특성을 고려한 집단으로 분류하고 환자가 속한 집단구성원에게 검진정보를 제공할 수 있는 의료검진정보 시스템을 제안한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-96
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• 2016

Recently, a series of lawsuits were filed in Korea claiming tort liability against tobacco companies. The Supreme Court has already issued decisions in some cases, while others are still pending. The primary issue in these cases is whether the epidemiological evidence submitted by the plaintiffs clearly proves the causal relationship between smoking and disease as required by civil law. Proving causation is difficult in tobacco lawsuits because factors other than smoking are involved in the development of a disease, and also because of the lapse of time between smoking and the manifestation of the disease. The Supreme Court (Supreme Court Decision, 2011Da22092, April 10, 2014) has imposed some limitations on using epidemiological evidence to prove causation in tobacco lawsuits filed by smokers and their family members, but these limitations should be reconsidered. First, the Court stated that a disease can be categorized as specific or non-specific, and for each disease type, causation can be proven by different types of evidence. However, the concept of specific diseases is not compatible with multifactor theory, which is generally accepted in the field of public health. Second, when the epidemiological association between the disease and the risk factor is proven to be significant, imposing additional burdens of proof on the plaintiff may considerably limit the plaintiff's right to recovery, but the Court required the plaintiffs to provide additional information such as health condition and lifestyle. Third, the Supreme Court is not giving greater weight to the evidential value of epidemiological study results because the Court focuses on the fact that these studies were group-level, not individual-level. However, group-level studies could still offer valuable information about individual members of the group, e.g., probability of causation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.235-244
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• 2013

This research was performed to investigate the effects of participation in aqua exercise on blood composition and vascular compliance of mentally retarded persons. The targets of this research consisted of a control group of 12 people and an aqua exercise group of 12 people after selecting 24 mentally retarded males and aqua exercise group carried out an exercise program for 60 minutes per day and five days a week for 9 weeks. Weight, body fat percentage, blood composition and vascular compliance were measured in a preliminary inspection and the same items were measured in a post-inspection. The results of this measurement were as follows. Firstly, aqua exercise group showed a significant decrease in weight and body fat percentage (p<.05). Secondly, for blood composition, aqua exercise group showed a notable decrease in Total-Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-Cholesterol (p<.05) and a significant increase in HDL-Cholesterol (p<.05). Thirdly, aqua exercise group showed a notable increase in blood composition for both upper limbs and lower limbs (p<.05). Taken these results together, it was considered that a participation of mentally retarded persons in aqua exercise would prevent adult diseases and would have an affirmative influence on improvement of the quality of life.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

The measurement of many biochemical changes that could be appeared as aging will be resulted in the very useful and basal marker to maintain healthy life and to predict the health condition and the retardation of the aging. We classified the geriatrics into the normal and same aged dementia on the based of clinical diagnostic as well as MMSE evaluation. And then we were collected blood samples from both groups and examined 13 biochemical assays to screen any valuable biochemical index for dementia. Among 13 assays, several assay data showed the statistically significant differences between two groups. The values of serum albumin, APase, and GOT were significantly decreased in demented group compared to control. On the other hand, the values of glucose and LDH were increased in dementia compared to control. Additionally, the value of Pi was increased but the values of calcium and GPT were decreased, without significant difference (p＞0.05). The values of other assays such as bilirubin, BUN, cholesterol, creatinine and total protein did not show any statistically significant differences. Conclusively it may be suggested that dementia might be resulted in the variable biochemical changes which could be affected by many environmental factors as well as dementia itself.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2005

Purpose : Many inborn errors of metabolism can be completely cured with early detection and early treatment. This is why neonatal screening on inborn errors of metabolism is implemented worldwide. In this study, a cost-benefit analysis was performed on the neonatal screening of phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism in Korea. Methods : This study included 2,908,231 neonates who took the neonatal screening on phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism in Korea from January 1991 to December 2003. From those neonates, the incidence rates of phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism were measured. Furthermore, based on 495,000 babies born in 2002, were calculated and compared the total costs in case when neonatal screening on phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism is implemented, and when not. Results : If the neonatal screening on phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism is implemented, benefits far exceed costs at a ratio of 1.77 : 1 in phenylketonuria, and 11.11 : 1 in congenital hypothyroidism. In terms of wons, the present neonatal screening on phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism will gain us more than 29 billion wons every year. Conclusion : This study only concerns the monetary aspects of the neonatal screening. Therefore, the benefits of the neonatal screening is underestimated by ignoring precious but not measurable values such as quality of life. However, the present neonatal screening on phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism is found to be beneficial and should continue for the good of the nation as well as that of the patients.