• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

This study intended to change the environment of a classroom in the existing child care center by applying the home environmental characteristics. The progress of environmental improvement for this study was conducted throughout the three stages. First, analyze the problems of existing child care center, which reflect the environmental characteristics and user opinions of the environment. Second, based on the analysis of the problems of the existing classroom, the classroom is improved by applying the environmental characteristics of the home. Third, compare the effect of improving the environmental characteristics of the home. The results of the study are as follows. First, the classroom was surveyed with a long rectangular space structure and was examined as a wide area when compared with the legal standards of $4.32m^2$ per child. Second, the emphasis is to complement the defects of the spatial structure and seek changes to the comfort environment, such as the proper stimuli and alterations to the atmosphere. Third, the effectiveness of the environmental improvement was assessed by comparing the results before and after the improvement of the environment. In terms of child environmental demands, movement and movement have increased. integrated configurations of the activity areas showed increased functionality, and overall, it was evaluated as a whole in terms of the atmosphere and the placeness.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2006

This research deals with the residential environment for the elderly and describes characteristics to give a positive effect on elderly's health and quality of life in Sweden. Five elderly care home recommended by a municipality staff in Stockholm are surveyed on $01\~03$ October 2003. The results of this study are as follows: 1) homelike atmosphere is regarded as a basic design concept and is applied to size, materials, scale, color, and furniture of elderly housing in Sweden, 2) regarding of the exterior features, it is similar to the ordinary house rather than institution building, 3) arrangement of spaces is planned for several small groups consisting of 6-8 residents, 4) open-space planning on public kitchen and dinning room allows residents to feel comfortable when they can hear a sound and smell a meal, 5) private flat is to provide amenities for sleeping, rest, storage, social interaction, meals, hygiene and other every activities

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 1997

사람들은 대부분의 시간을 집이나 직장에서 보내게 된다. 그러므로 집과 사무실은 삶에 있어서 가장 중요한 두 개의 공간인 것이다. 인간공학적으로 디자인된 사무실은 그곳에서 일하는 사람들의 신체적, 사회적 요구에 부합하게되어 작업능률과 만족감을 향상시키며, 스트레스를 조절하고, 건강과 안전을 위협하는 요소를 최소화한다. 특히 많은 책임과 권한을 가진 사장들에게 있어서 인간공학적으로 디자인된 환경은 필수적인 요건이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 사례조사법을 이용하여 미국 Lowa주 주도인 Des Moines에 사무실을 갖고있는 10개 보험회사 사장들을 대상으로 설문지와 관찰조사 및 실내공간 스케치를 이용하였다. 대부분의 사무실은 직접적으로 일과 관련된 디자인 부분만 강조되어 있었으며 그들의 많은 시간이 읽기와 쓰기등 시각적인 일에 쓰여지고 있음에도 불구하고 조명, 특히 국부조명은 거의 고려되어 있지 않았다. 상담이나 접견과 같은 활동을 위한 가구의 선택이나 실내공간계획이 제대로 되어 있지 않았다. 사용후 평가를 실시한 결과 대부분의 대상자들은 심리적, 생물학적 요구사항들에 대해 긍정적인 평가를 하였다. 디자이너는 좀더 사용자 위주의 공간계획을 해 나가야 할 것이며 각각 다른 사무실특성, 기능, 인간관계. 특히 종업원과의 관계, 사업종류 등을 명확히 이해해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2006

Bearing capacity of soil can be improved by several conventional ground improvement techniques like stabilization and compaction. Recently, the necessity on the reseaches for the bearing capacity of footing reinforced by Geotextile is being significantly increased. In this paper, a series of model tests on sandy ground reinforced by a layer of Geotextile were performed under plane strain condition, and the effects of bearing capacity improvement and behaviour of sandy ground were observed through tests for position and horizontal length, material strength of reinforcement.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

Shear strength of soil is power that resists failure and sliding according to any face in soils and one of the most important factors during engineering properties of soil. Shear strength is used for engineering science problems as bearing capacity methods of foundation or piles, slope stability after dam or Cutting Embankment and stability problem analysis of soils as lateral earth pressure of soil structures, ets. This study has analyzed shear strength change of samples classified 2.00mm(10sieve)와 0.85mm(20sieve), 0.475mm(40sieve) using direct shear tester after removing and drying cohesive soil ingredient of Weathered granite soil Therefore, this study would help studies about shear strength properties by particle size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2007

A fire-resistant steel with enhanced load-bearing capacity has been developed to enable structural elements such as columns and beams withstand exposure to severe fire conditions. To precisely evaluate the fire-resistant performance of structural elements that compose fire-resistant steels, mechanical properties such as yield strength and elastic modulus are essential. To obtain the mechanical database of fire-resistant steels at high temperatures, tensile tests at high temperatures were conducted on steels of two kinds of thicknesses. The results showed that the thickness difference could not affect the mechanical properties at a high temperature.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2014

Recently environmental pollution is serious and therefore, This study aims at reviewing individual mixing ratio and engineering characteristics of concrete due to mixture and mixing using fine powder and fly ash of blast furnace slag having effect on aspects of environmental preservation and resources recycling and performance increase of the concrete, and verifying possibility of application in the field. Test results are as follows: 1)As mixing quantity of the admixture has increased, performance of the slump has been improved, 2)As mixing quantity of the admixture has increased, there is a trend of delayed ending time, 3)As mixing quantity of admixture has increased, it has showed lower strength at short time age, however, as the age has elapsed and mixing quantity has increased, strength improvement has increased and the admixture has effect on the long term age. In this study, the characteristics and critical value of concrete contained blast furnace slag and fly ash are defined, and will be examined about the field applications.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2005

Shotcrete for support of tunnel structures may contact with groundwater. The hazardous components in groundwater may cause corrosion of shotcrete. Also, the hazardous components may deteriorate the engineering properties of shotcrete, such as compressive strength, bond strength, flexural strength and so forth. The more the effect of the hazardous components on the shotcrete may increase, the more the stability of tunnel structure may decrease. The specimens were artificially immersed in various chemical solutions including hazardous components after the specimens were made at the tunnel construction site. It was performed to analyze the effect of the hazardous components in ground water on the engineering properties of shotcrete. The uniaxial compressive strength test, XRD, SEM were conducted to evaluate the durability and corrosion of shotcrete.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2012

Tachylite, black basaltic glass formed by the rapid cooling of molten basalt, locally occurs at the Basaltic Agglomerate Formation (BAF), the lowest formation of Ulleung Island. The purposes of this study are to characterize the occurrence and mineralogy of tachylite and to elucidate its formation condition, with emphasis on its fracture pattern, which can serve as implications for the early volcanic activity of Ulleung Island. To this end, we investigated the occurrence pattern of tachylite in the field and carried out mineralogical analyses using optical microscope, XRD, EPMA, and SEM. Tachylite occurs at the chilled margin of basic dikes which are distributed in Naesujeon, Dodong and Jeodong seasides, Turtle Rock, and Yaerimwon, whose widths vary from several cm to 10 cm. It is evident that the outer surface of tachylite is dense and smooth, whereas the inner surface, if fractured, is characterized by conchoidal fracture. The matrix of tachylite consists of amorphous, glass and some fine-grained phenocrysts present in tachylite include biotite, anorthoclase, sanidine, plagioclase, hornblende, and Fe-Ti oxides. The fracture patterns characteristic of tachylite are subrounded, oval, or less commonly polygonal, bounded by joints to form globule or lump. Taking into account texture and mineralogy, tachylite is interpreted to have undergone little subsequent alteration at low temperature via hydration or hydrolysis that could form clay minerals after it was formed. Because tachylite with peculiar fractures occurs as dikes in a close association with BAF, its presence is considered as reliable evidence that when tachylite formed, the most part of BAF was still under subaqueous conditions, or at least saturated with seawater.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.492-504
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• 2014

Feral pigeon (Columba livia) has been known as a good indicator for accumulations of chemical pollutants in urban areas. However, it is against the animal rights to kill the indicator species in order to monitor pollutants accumulations in wild birds. Eggs and feathers of birds, therefore, have been used as non-invasive monitoring materials. Even though eggs are a good indicator for accumulations of lipophilic pollutants, but unsuitable for some heavy metals such as lead and cadmium because bird's ovary builds a sort of barrier to inhibit higher accumulations of some heavy metals in the eggs. Therefore, feathers instead of eggs have been used as a non-invasive indicator for accumulations of heavy metals. However, there are few studies of heavy metal accumulations of feral pigeon in Korea. In this study, we characterized the characteristics of heavy metal accumulations of feathers in relation to internal organs (bloods, viscera and bones) in feral pigeons between two sites (Hangang Park representing urban area and Hampyeong Park for rural area). The samples from the Hangang Park showed significantly higher lead (Pb) concentrations in the blood, liver and bone than those from Hampyeong Park. The Pb concentration in the feathers was also significantly higher at Hangang Park than at Hampyeong Park. The analytical result for the breast, wing and tail feathers, and the internal organs (blood, lung, liver, kidney and bone) indicated that the Pb concentrations in the feathers were significantly positively correlated with the levels in the kidney and bone. Overall, feathers of feral pigeon may be candidate for bioindicator to monitor for Pb accumulations in urban areas.