• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.480-492
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• 1997

In order to understand the processes involved in the petrogenesis and the differentiation of the primary magma spectrum, a petrological and geochemical properties were investigated for the Chonju and the Sunchang foliated granites, which are located in the southwestern part of the Okchon zone and extends up to the northwestern boundary of the Ryongnam massif as two subparallel batholiths. Major element analyses show that the Chonju and Sunchang foliated granites are classified petrologically into a weakly to strongly peraluminous or calc-alkaline, but do not fit neatly into either of the I/S-type or magnetite/ilmenite-series classification schemes for granites, although the I-type and magnetite-series characteristics seem to be predominant based on the major element chemistry. In normative compositions, the Chonju granite is petrographically evolved from granodiorite to granite, whereas the Sunchang granite is from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite. It seems to suggest a difference of the magmatic evolution processes such as crustal assimilation and/or fractional crystallization in magma. The REE patterns of both batholiths show high similarity and strongly fractionated REE distributions which show high $(Ce/Yb)_N$ ratios and little or no Eu anomalies. These REE patterns correspond broadly to those seen in the pre-Cretaceous granitoids of Korea. Apparently, the evidences obtained from the bulk compositions strongly suggest that the two foliated granitoids were formed by partial meltings of a relatively restricted and similar, may be common, source material which contains a continental crust component having an igneous composition, and have undergone a similar magmatic differentiation processes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.440-451
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• 1997

This study was designed to prospect the $^{111}In$-labelled paclitaxel as tumor imaging agent. In order to provide a taxol molecule with a functional group which is able to chelate In-111, taxol-DTPA conjugate and 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol were synthesized by esterification of taxol at C-2'on C-13 carbon with DTPA anhydride and succinic anhydride, respectively. Synthesis yield of the taxol derivatives was 34% for taxol-DTPA and 80% for 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol. Cytotoxicity of the taxol derivatives were measured by MTT method toward cell lines HT29, B16, P388, and CT26. The cytotoxic activities of the taxol derivatives were maintained, although less active than taxol. Radiolabelling of the taxol derivatives were proceeded directly with $^{111}InCl_3$ or indirectly with $^{111}In$-citrate(ligand-exchange method). The ligand-exchange method was not suitable because some precipitates appeared during the reaction. On the contrary, by direct radiolabelling method, we were able to obtain taxol-DTPA-$^{111}In$ in 100% radiochemical yield. However, 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol was not labelled by both methods. Yield and radiochemical purity of the radiolabelled com-pound were determined by HPLC, paper chromatography and instant thin layer chromatography. Taxol-DTPA-$^{111}In$ was characterized to be hydrophilic by lipophilicity test, and nearly non-adhesive to HT29, B16, P388, and CT26 by cell binding affinity test. Binding affinity of the taxol-DTPA-$^{111}In$ complex to serum proteins was also examined by protein precipitation with 30% trichloroacetic acid. The results showed that 30% of the taxol-DTPA-$^{111}In$ complex binds with serum proteins.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether 3D nuclear chromatin texture features are significant in recognizing the progression of cervical cancer. In particular, we assessed that our method could detect subtle differences in the chromatin pattern of seemingly normal cells on specimens with malignancy. We extracted nuclear texture features based on 3D GLCM(Gray Level Co occurrence Matrix) and 3D Wavelet transform from 100 cell volume data for each group (Normal, LSIL and HSIL). To evaluate the feasibility of 3D chromatin texture analysis, we compared the correct classification rate for each of the classifiers using them. In addition to this, we compared the correct classification rates for the classifiers using the proposed 3D nuclear texture features and the 2D nuclear texture features which were extracted in the same way. The results showed that the classifier using the 3D nuclear texture features provided better results. This means our method could improve the accuracy and reproducibility of quantification of cervical cell.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

The seed production of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura was studied under laboratory conditions through the embryonic sporophyte stage and the field cultivation was conducted in eastern coast of Korea. The germination of zoospores occurred within 3 days and the growth of gametophytes was most rapid at $25^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Sporophyte growth was highest at $20^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and lowest at $25^{\circ}C$ and $80\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$. In the nursery culture of E. stolonifera lasting for 2 weeks in January, the initial blade length of E. stolonifera (about $500\;{\mu}m$) grew to $526.3{\pm}176.0\;{\mu}m$ at water temperature of $12.05^{\circ}C$. The blade length and width reached their maxima in July, after which the ends of blade and stem began to degrade with the increase in water temperature. The degraded end of the blade started to regenerate in October, when water temperature began to decline. This species can be considered a potential candidate for aquaculture, increasing in the availability of raw material and aiding in recovery of seaweed bed.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.37-43
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• 1984

노화는 모든 다세포 유기물의 특징이다. 노화가 됨에 따라서 효소활성 및 면역반응의 감소와 과산화지질과 지방갈색물질의 축적, 효소와 염색질을 포함하는 단백질 구조의 변화, 호르몬계의 불균형 등이 일어난다. 그렇지만, 노화가 어떻게 일어나는지에 관하여는 현재까지 확실하지 않다. 본 연구진은 노화와 관련된 효소들에 관하여 연구를 하여 왔으며, 노화가 진행되는 동안의 효소의 활성을 유지시켜주거나, 또는 효소의 활성이 감소되는 것을 지연시켜 주는 물질을 찾고자 노력하였다. 그 가운데 하나로서, 고려인삼 추출물을 흰쥐에 기간별로 투여하여 효소활성의 차이, 열에 대한 안정성, 기질에 대한 친화력, 전기 영동 상의 이동성과 면역적인 반응을 대조군과 비교하였다. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphog-luconate dehydrogenase, glutathione redutease, glutathion peroxidase와 같은 노화와 관련된 효소들의 활성을 고려인삼 추출물을 1개월간 흰쥐에 ($60{\~}80$g)투여하여 대조군과 비교 조사하였으나, 별 차이가 없었다. 그러나 고려인삼 추출물을 15개월간 투여하였을 때에는 이러한 노화관련 효소들의 활성이 급격히 증가함이 ($70{\~}200\%$) 관찰되었다. 예견된 바와 같이, 효소의 열에 대한 안정성과 기질에 대한 친화력도 증가함이 관찰되었다. 그러나 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase의 경우에서 전기영동상의 차이 및 면역적인 반응은 대조군과 유사하였다. 이상의 결과는 고려인삼 추출물이 노화와 관련된 효소들의 활성이 감소되는 것을 지연시켜줄 수 있으며, 노화를 어느정도 지연시켜 줄 수 있음을 의미한다. 이와 같은 결과를 포함한 실험자료를 국제 인삼심포지움에서 발표할 것이다.$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 더욱 효과적으로 촉진 시킬 것으로 생각된다.-L(독성 호르몬-L)의 작용을 억제함으로서 암환자의 체중 감소를 방지하고, 식욕감퇴를 개선할것으로 생각된다.해되었으며, $Rb_{1}$은 장내의 효소와 tetracycline-resistantant bacteria에 의해 Rd와 2 종류의 미확인 물질로 분해되었다.xA_{2}$ synthetase 억제제인 imidazole의 효과와 유사하였다. 4. G-Re는 $1{\times}10^{-5}g/ml$ 이하의 농도에서는 효과가 없으나 $1{\times}10^{-4}g/ml$ 이상의 농도에서 농도의존적으로 유의성 있는 $PGE_{2},\;PGF_{2}{\alpha},\;TXB_{2}$의 생성억제와 함께 6-keto-$PGF_{1}{\alpha}$ 증가를 보였다. 이는 prostacyclin synthetase를 자극하는 serotonin의 효과와 같은 작용으로서 prostacyclin synthetase 억제제인 tranylcypromine에 대하여 길항효과를 보였다. 5. $TxB_{2}$생성억제 작용을 나타내는 ginsenoside들의 효과를 뒷받침하기 위하여 인삼 saponin 성분을 전처치한 patelet rich plasma에서 혈소판 응집시험 결과, ADP로 유도된 혈소판 응집반응에는 모든 인삼 saponin 성분들이 효과가 없었으나 arachidonic acid로 유도된 혈소판 응집반응에는 $G-Rb_{2}$, G-Rc, G-Re의 순으로 농도 의존적인 억제현상을 보였다. 이상의 결과와 같이 인삼 saponin 성분들은 arachidonic acid로부터 cyclooxygenase를

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Recently the study of identifying bio-markers for disease diagnosis and prognosis has been actively performed. In particular, lots of attentions have been paid to the finding of pathway gene-sets differentially expressed in disease patients rather than the finding of individual gene markers. In this paper we propose a novel method to identify disease-related pathway gene-sets based on time-series microarray data. For this purpose, we firstly compute individual gene scores by the using maSigPro (microarray Significant Profiles) and then arrange all the genes in the decreasing order of the corresponding gene scores. The rank of each gene in the entire list is used to evaluate the statistical significance of candidate gene-sets with Wilcoxson rank sum test. For the generation of candidate gene-sets, MSigDB (Molecular Signatures Database) pathway information has been employed. The experiment was conducted with prostate cancer time-series microarray data and the results showed the usefulness of the proposed method by correctly identifying 6 out of 7 biological pathways already known as being actually related to prostate cancer.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.4-25
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• 2010

This study was carried out on scientific conservation treatment based on material characteristics, provenance interpretation, and deterioration diagnosis for seven-storied Jungwon Tappyeongri stone pagoda in Chungju. As a result, main rock of the pagoda is biotite granite with magnetite-series (average $5.86{\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit), containing partly basic xenolith, pegmatite veinlet and feldspar phenocryst. As a result of the provenance presumption of the host rock, a rock around the Songgang stream was identified the same origin. Therefore the rock is appropriate for materials of the pagoda restoration. The deterioration assessment suggested that the pagoda was seriously exfoliated (2.7 to 5.5%), discolored (39.8 to 58.9), and contaminated with repair materials (3.5 to 9.4%), and bioorganisms (19.3 to 24.4%). Accordingly, conservation treatment was carried out based on preliminary investigation for stable conservation of the pagoda. Overall processes were sequentially proceeded by restoration of the replacement stone, cleaning, joining and consolidation. This study sets up an integrated conservation system from preliminary investigation to conservation treatment of the pagoda. Also, the study will contribute for establishing the future-oriented customized conservation treatment.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.70-85
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• 2012

Uiseong Tamni-ri Five-storied Stone Pagoda is composed of andesitic tuff and partially combined with tuff breccia and fine-grained granite. The andesitic tuff is identical to basement rock of Geumseongsan Mountain based on lithological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. The pagoda has suffered physical weathering such as crack and scaling, discoloration and biological colonization with complex reaction. Expecially, dark gray and brown discoloration appeared whole over the surface of the pagoda, and three to five-layered exfoliation and granular disintegration dominantly occurred in the fourth and fifth roof stones. It is assuming that the stone elements of the pagoda are evaluated as third to forth grades (average third grade) of weathering compared to fresh rock in Geumseongsan Mountain. The physical strength of the stone elements shows low values in the south and west sides of the pagoda that corresponds high weathering degree of the west side due to exfoliation, crack and granular disintegration. It is necessary to investigate the pagoda for precise deterioration assessment, monitoring and conservation treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

In this study, in order to recycle a large amount of rocks and weathered mudstones produced by civil engineering projects such as railways and highways, as materials for roadbeds or embankment materials, circumferential specimens with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm were made. A mudstone that weathered rapidly during rainfall was collected from Pohang construction sites. The weathered mudstone passed through a 2 mm sieve. It was prepared with the cement ratio, the sand ratio, curing condition and curing days. Three specimens were prepared according to each condition and then the unconfined compressive test, durability test and SEM analysis were performed to evaluate the engineering properties of the cemented soil. In the case of 28 days cured specimen, the strength of under-water cured specimens was 32-55% and the durability index was about 15% higher than air cured specimens. In addition, when the CR increased from 8% to 16%, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of pure mudstone cemented soil under water increased by about 1.6 times and the durability index increased by about 1.9 times. When the SR increased from 0% to 50%, the UCS of the specimen with SR = 10% was slightly less than or equal to specimen with SR = 0%. Then, as the SR became 30-50%, the UCS increased up to 51%. Unlike the UCS, the durability index increased continuously as the SR increased. As a result of SEM analysis, when SR was 50% rather than SR = 0%, the contact between sand particles increased and they were connected to each other. Such contact between these particles resulted in the increase of strength.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Recently, with the development of high-performance processing devices such as GPGPU, a three-dimensional dynamic analysis technique that can replace expensive rock material impact tests has been actively developed in the defense and aerospace fields. Experimentally observing or measuring fracture processes occurring in rocks subjected to high impact loads, such as blasting and earth penetration of small-diameter missiles, are difficult due to the inhomogeneity and opacity of rock materials. In this study, a three-dimensional dynamic fracture process analysis technique (3D-DFPA) was developed to simulate the fracture behavior of rocks due to impact. In order to improve the operation speed, an algorithm capable of GPGPU operation was developed for explicit analysis and contact element search. To verify the proposed dynamic fracture process analysis technique, the dynamic fracture toughness tests of the Straight Notched Disk Bending (SNDB) limestone samples were simulated and the propagation of the reflection and transmission of the stress waves at the rock-impact bar interfaces and the fracture process of the rock samples were compared. The dynamic load tests for the SNDB sample applied a Pulse Shape controlled Split Hopkinson presure bar (PS-SHPB) that can control the waveform of the incident stress wave, the stress state, and the fracture process of the rock models were analyzed with experimental results.