• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1988

Pearl millet has been detected as a promising new forage crop of excellent quality and productivity since 1985. Its green fodder yields were 10.7 to 12.8 tons per hectare in average of 26 accessions in Suwon, 1985. The yield level was much higher than those of Italian and pro so millets and com. Com was better than Italian and proso millets, and proso millet was better than Italian millet for a green fodder crop. Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid was the best of the 13 hybrids examined in Suwon, 1986 being 149 tons per hectare of three times cut green fodder yields. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than com and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 32.4 for the three times cut pearl millet, while 5.8 for the one time cut corn, and 20.8 for the three times cut sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3 percent for pearl millet being six to five percent higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass, 11.8 percent for the one time cut at maturity and 16.1 percent for four times cut being higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fat content was 3. percent for pear 1 millet grain being some what higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass and 1.3-1.4 percent for green fodder crop. Crude fiber content in grain was 1.9 percent for pearl millet 2.6 percent for corn, and 4.3 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fiber content in pearl millet plant was 24.4 to 26.8 percent, Crude ash content was 2.4 percent in grain and 10.8 to 11.6 percent in the plants of pearl millet hybrid. In vitro digestibility of grain was 93.7 percent for pearl millet, 95.4 percent for corn, and 55.8 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. The digestibility of whole plant was 57.6 to 63.4 percent for pearl millet, 46.3 percent for corn, and 47.3 to 57.6 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Heavier nitrogen fertilizer applications increased green fodder yields, protein content and digestibility, but reduced fat and ash content of pearl millet inbred line T 186.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.466-476
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• 1993

Field experiment was carried out to study the new and old leaf development and photosynthesis of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid 855F, pearl millet Suwon No.6 and barnyard millet in cutting and non-cutting plots from the 2nd cutting day(September, 17th). Leaf regrowth of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and pearl millet begun after the 2nd cutting day, except barnyard millet. Photosynthetic rate of new leaf blades in cutting plots reached to higher level than old leaf at 12th to 20th day after cutting(DAC). Stomatal density of leaf blade of each crop in non-cutting plot was observed higher pearl millet and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid than barnyard millet. New leaf blade of each crop in cutting plot was showed complete development in stomata size, form and vascular bundles in 12th DAC. Non-structural carbohydrates(NSC) contents of stembase in sorghum-sudan hybrid which had 17 %, the highest among three forages decreased daily into 8th DAC and begun to increase from 20th DAC. But, those of pearl millet and barnyard millet in cutting plots were about 10 % at cutting day and inclined to decrease continuously into the 20th DAC and reached about 3～4% in 32nd DAC. These results showed that regrowth energy of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was mainly dependent on non-structural carbohydrates of stembase until 12th DAC, but pearl millet had active lower leaves supported its regrowth by concurrent photosynthesis. As barnyard millet which did not reserve enough NSC, its regrowth fail to survive under low temperature. Also, late regrowth of rest two forage crops was delayed with decreasing daily temperature after mid-September.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2012

Decay rate and nutrient dynamics during leaf litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima were compared between Gongju and Jinju for 33 months from December 2008 through March 2011. Percent remaining weight of Q. acutissima leaf litter after 33 months elapsed in Gongju and in Jinju was $41.2{\pm}0.4%$ and $28.3{\pm}0.6%$, and decay constant (k) was 0.39 and 0.61, respectively. Decomposition in Jinju was significantly faster than that in Gongju. This seemed to be related to higher temperature and precipitation in Jinju than those in Gongju during the experimental period. Initial C/N and C/P ratio of Q. acutissima leaf litter was 46.8 and 270.9, respectively. After 33 months elapsed, C/N and C/P ratios in Gongju decreased to 22.0 and 106.8, and those in Jinju decreased to 19.2 and 170.2, respectively. Initial concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in Q. acutissima leaf litter was 8.31, 0.44, 4.18, 9.38, 1.37 mg/g, respectively. After 33 month elapsed, remaining N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 91.0, 85.4, 30.2, 47.9, 11.7% in Gongju, and 67.0, 54.2, 19.9, 30.0, 40.8% in Jinju, respectively. Except for Mg, remaining nutrients of decomposing leaf litter in Jinju were lower than those in Gongju. In case of N and P, initial immobilization was observed, however, only mineralization was observed in K, Ca and Mg during the whole experimental period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1992

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR); IAA, GA, Kinetin to regrowth of sorghum and pearlmillet according to variety and plant growth stage. Kinetin application after cut increased tiller number and decreased dry weight of regrowth, but its application on sorghum stubble in water stress increased tiller number and leaf elongation rate, consequently increased regrowth dry weight. GA application reduced tiller production in both species, but tiller formation in pearlmillet was decreased more than in sorghum by promoting leaf elongation of old tiller. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) of stubble during regrowth was consumed less at anthesis than at stem elongation stage because of senescence of tiller primordia. GA treatment reduced NSC content more than other PGR in both plant species, by consuming reserve NSC and stimulating rapid elongation of old tiller after cut. Dry matter increase during regrowth had high correlation with tiller number and tiller elongation a week after cut, while it did not have any correlation with NSC at cutting stage or with consumption of NSC during regrowth. Therefore, regrowth in sorghum and pearmillet must depend upon activity of tiller primordia more than upon amount of reserved NSC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2006

The cultivated pearls collected for the study were pretreated through the removal of contaminants and the surface bleaching for easy dyeing. Coloring of pearls are necessary after selecting dyes adsorbable to the Conchiolin layer, a kind of hard protein formed in the seawater, covering the surface of the pretreated pearls. Dyes adsorbable to the Conchiolin layers are mostly basic dyes such as Rhodamine 6G(R6G), Rhodamine B(RB), Methylene Blue(MB) etc. and the binary and ternary competitive adsorption were performed by mixing two or three dyes together. The multi-dye adsorption data were compared with the predictions from the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IASI) combined with the single-dye adsorption model, the Langmuir or the Redlich-Peterson(RP) model. The quality of prediction was compared by using determination coefficient($R^2$) and standard deviation(SSE) values. Predictions from the IAST were found to be in good agreement with the data for the R6G/RB binary adsorption to the pearl layers not fractionated with their size, except for the adsorption data for RB at high concentrations. Among the three binary adsorption systems, R6G/RB, R6G/MB, and MB/RB, only the RB sorption data in the R6G/RB binary system was in poor agreement with the IAST prediction. Competitive adsorption data in ternay systems were in good agreement with the predictions from the IAST except for the RB data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

Differences in physiochemical characteristics of row waxy rice, steeped in optimum steeping conditions ($31.5^{\circ}C$, 9 days) were investigated along with the relationship between these properties and the quality characteristics of Gangjung made from ten different varieties of waxy rice in order to identify the optimal waxy rice variety for making Gangjung. The moisture content of ten waxy rice varieties was increased, but protein and ash contents were decreased during steeping. Mineral analysis, showed that the Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K contents of all samples were decreased during steeping. Regarding the gelatinization behavior of the ten waxy rice varieties, the peak viscosity and breakdown were increased with the exception of Backjinju and Backjinju-1 during steeping. Shinsunchalbyeo was the most adaptable waxy rice variety for making Gangjung, as its tested scores for expansion ratio and crispness were higher than other waxy rice varieties. The textural properties of Gangjung made from Backjinju and Backjinju-1 had the highest levels of hardness and showed the lowest expansion ratios. Therefore, Backjinju and Backjinju-1 are considered the worst varieties for making Gangjung.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2011

'Hongjinju', the reddish brown coloured rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA during the period from 1990 to 2006 and released in 2007. The cultivar was derived from a cross between Suwon 383, and $SR18164F_2$, a reddish brown pigmented line. 'Hongjinju' is medium maturity with 133 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and is japonica-type with about 82 cm in culm length. 'Hongjinju' has slightly less number of tillers per hill and more spikelets of panicles than those of 'Heugjinjubyeo'. It is susceptible to leaf blast, other disease and insect pests. It shows intermediate germination ratio at low temperature and similar tolerance to leaf discolor at seeding stage and heading-delay but it is resistant to spikelets-sterility type of cold damage at maturing stage compared with 'Heugjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of this variety in brown rice is about 5.07 MT/ha and is adaptable to the central and southern plain areas of Korea.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2004

'신작로'는 일제가 한반도의 군사, 행정, 경제적인 주도권 확보를 위하여 1907년부터 공사를 시작한 도로이며, 포호 등 군사적 이동까지 지장 없이 수행할 수 있도록 규격을 정한 도로이다. 그 대부분은 현재의 국도나 지방도로 계승되고 있다. 경상남도에서 처음 신작로가 건설된 것은 1909년 마산-진주 사이였다. 개항장인 마산과 당시 경상남도청이 소재지였던 진주를 연결하였다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 1984

As one trials to utilize sea mussel and anchovy effectively, powdered instant soups were prepared and then their quality stability were examined during storage. Powdered instant soup was made by adding $3\%$ sugar, $20\%$ table salt, $5\%$ monosodium glutamate, $0.2\%$ black pepper and garlic powder to the pulverized dried sea mussel or anchovy. Powdered instant soup products, powderd products, and dried round state sea mussel or anchovy were packed with air in laminated film bag (cellophane/polyester/aluminium foil/polyester: $20{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/7{\mu}m/20{\mu}m,\;13{\times}14cm$). The contents of amino-nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen of these products were showed little significant variations and also water activity and color value (L, a, b) of these products were little changed during storage. Thiobarbituric acid value increased up to 30 days of storage and then decreased slightly. Comparing the quality of powdered-seasoned products with that of dried round state products, there were no significant differences in stability during storage. Judging from the experimental results, the quality of powdered instant soup of sea mussel and anchovy were stable for 100 days at room temperature($25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

We investigated the morphological characteristics of the pearlescent pigment by using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and thermal analyzer. The result is that the shape of pigment is platy polygonal form through observing the pearlescent pigment by the scanning electron microscope. The size of pigment is various and not formed in standardized size or shape. The pigment flakes were measured about from $30{\mu}m$ to $300{\mu}m$. The tip of the piece of pigment is pointed shape or angled. The result of observing them by the scanning electron microscope in magnifying high power is that the edge and the lateral face of them is an round form and the measurement of thickness is about $9{\mu}m$. As well using the high magnification scanning electron microscope, the surface of the pigment flake observed like rugged as coating with the $TiO_2$ element, the diameter of the coating particle is around 60 nm, then the coating particle consists of granular substance. Analysis of the configuration elements of pearlescent pigment using by the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry is that O, Si, C, Na, Ca, Ti, Zn detected in the surface of pigment and its lateral face identifies similar components. In thermal analysis, there are no contained quantity differences between them in beginning from $100^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$ showing thermal analysis, 1.1% out of contained quantity reduced at $115^{\circ}C$, 1.7% dropped at $416^{\circ}C$, and 1.9% decreased at $797^{\circ}C$.