• Korean Business Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 2007

This paper empirically examines whether the tax effect of indirect tax reductions such as reserves deductible and direct tax reductions such as tax credits and tax reductions is significantly associated with value relevance. That is, direct and indirect tax reductions bear upon an increase in accounting earnings and decrease in cash outflows through reducing tax burdens. The empirical result in this paper shows that firm value is significantly related to the tax effect of reserves for business improvement and other tax reserves, which comprise parts of the book value of equity through tax benefits, but is not significantly related to the tax credits and reserves deductible as necessary expenses that comprise accounting earnings. This paper also analyzes the difference in value relevance between direct tax reductions and indirect tax reductions(That is, Hypothesis No.5). We find that there are no significant differences between direct tax reductions and indirect tax reductions. Because the regressive coefficients of direct tax reductions and indirect tax reductions are not significantly.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.663-683
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of R&D tax credit for SMEs. We surveyed to collect the information on firm's financial statements and R&D tax credit during 2014-2016, and implemented fixed effect model, random effect model and panel negative binomial model. The results show that the effect of R&D tax credit is 5.3 times larger in terms of R&D expenditure and 4.3 times bigger in terms of number of researchers than that of R&D subsidy. In addition, the effect of tax credit on non-metropolitan area companies is higher than that in the metropolitan area. Based on these results, we suggests three ways to improve the R&D tax incentive system for SMEs; To convert unused R&D tax credit of the start-ups to tax points, to exempt the minimum tax rate on R&D expenditure in equipment, and to unify the operation of various R&D tax credit institution.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-136
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• 1987

재산세(財産稅)의 소득분배효과(所得分配效果)는 무엇보다도 재산세(財産稅)의 부담이 최종적으로 누구에게 귀착(歸着)되는가에 좌우된다고 할 수 있다. 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 재산세귀착(財産稅歸着)에 관한 전통적(傳統的) 견해(見解)와 새로운 견해(見解)를 검토하고 각 견해에 입각하여 소득10분위별(所得10分位別) 재산세실효세율(財産稅實效稅率)을 산출하였다. 그 결과 우리나라 재산세(財産稅)는 전통적(傳統的) 견해(見解)의 경우 대체로 역진성(逆進性)을, 새로운 견해(見解)의 경우 일부 저소득계층(低所得階層)을 제외하고는 누진성(累進性)을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재산세(財産稅)의 소득분배효과(所得分配效果)는 그 전가방향 및 크기뿐 아니라 재산(財産) 종류별(種類別) 규모별세율(規模別稅率)의 차이, 재산세비과세(財産稅非課稅) 및 감면규정(減免規程), 재산평가방법(財産評價方法) 등 재산세제도(財産稅制度) 및 그 운영방법(運營方法)에도 직접적으로 의존한다. 본고(本稿)에서의 검토결과(檢討結果)에 따르면 우리나라의 재산세(財産稅)는 명목세율(名目稅率)과 비과세(非課稅) 및 감면규정면(減免規程面)에서는 대체로 누진성(累進性)을, 재산평가방법면(財産評價方法面)에서는 다소 역진성(逆進性)을 갖는다는 잠정적(暫定的)인 결론(結論)을 내릴 수 있다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.183-202
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• 2014

The time-lag effect of the policy was analyzed focusing on the financial subsidies which are the incentive for attracting the foreign direct investment for the Korean industries from 2007 to 2012. The analysis results show that Korea's policy for attracting the foreign direct investment has the time leg of 2 or 3 years after the implementation of the policy. If the goal is to attract the foreign investment or introduce the advanced industrial technologies, the tax reduction system would be better. However, if the goal is to get the short term effects such as job creation or regional development, the direct subsidy or the financial support (financing) or the lexicographic characteristics of the policy for foreign investment would be more effective for attracting the foreign investment. Accordingly, the Korea's policy for attracting the foreign direct investment should be focused on the realistic policies such as direct subsidies or financial support (financing) rather than the tax reduction system.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of regulation of promotional gifts and exemption of charges by analyzing the judgement criterion of illegality and the corrective action taken by regulatory agencies and suggests effective way of regulation. The results show that recently the differences of price-cut is getting bigger. In addition, Fair Trade Commission has considered discounts as unfair predatory price only if price is below the cost. But in the telecommunication business law enacted by Korea Communications Commission, 'expected profits per subscriber' has been applied as a key criterion. KCC's criterion is based not on the expected profit of individual service provider but on the averaged profit of services providers. It doesn't consider differences of service quality and the cost structure between dominant firm and late comers. Prohibition act of user discrimination result in the increase of subscriber and operating profits of late comers but this is not direct purpose of regulation. It can be desirable in the aspect of fair competition but since it may reduce consumer welfare, the criterion needs to be reconsidered.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.264-291
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• 2015

This research is to empirically analyze the effects of governmental policy including R&D subsidiary and tax reduction, which are both direct and indirect financial supports, during the examination period (2007~2009). The analysis was based on 2,751 firms that received governmental support via both R&D subsidiary and tax reduction with 7,038 panel events during the economic recession (2008~2009) and found that governmental support drives R&D investment of firms during the recession. The contribution of this research is that investigation of policy effectiveness categorized by firm sizes, particularly during the economic crisis. The result of the study is that during the recession, large firms had more elasticity increase towards tax reduction whereas smaller firms and ventures had it towards direct financial subsidiary. The elasticity increase of both large and small firms was in positive association with firms' R&D investment. The result indicates that government support obviously has positive influence on R&D investment of firms during the crisis, even enforcing the investment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2021

This study intends to verify the effectiveness of incentive schemes at Busan Port' aimed at promoting transshipment cargo. The current incentive schemes of Busan port intended to increase the T/S cargo volume have been disputed constantly. It is imperative, therefore, to restructure the system in accordance with the planned strategy. In this study, in order to ensure objectivity of the incentive schemes, all the parties (carriers, terminal operators and Port Authority) with a direct interest are answered and analyzed using the AHP methodology. Effectiveness is the top priority in the analysis of beneficiary validity of incentive schemes, when incentives are provided to Global overseas carriers compared with Global national carriers, IntraAsia carriers and Terminal operators. In the analysis of incentive schemes, direct cash support corresponding to the quantity of the T/S cargo had the highest effectiveness compared with exemption of port dues, cost compensation, port infrastructure support and subsidy for the service opening. The study results, therefore, reference the Port Authority when restructuring the schemes. This study has been conducted only focusing on the Busan port; however, the findings may have significant implications for overseas Port Authorities intending to implement incentive systems to promote cargo volumes similar to those at Busan port.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-61
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• 2009

These days, environmental policies have changed from being command and control systems toward economic incentive systems, with various incentives having been established by OECD countries. In Korea, many environmental charges have been established in order to diminish activities which damage natural resources. Among them, the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge and the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation are considered to be representative environmental charges. These charges, along with a few others, were designed to encourage efforts to protect natural resources. The charges include a number of different features, utilize varying methods, and altered ranges of jurisdiction. However, the charges may pose serious inequity problems in terms of their estimated values and their conditions of reduction and exemption. For instance, although the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge is a primary charge applied to natural resource damage, the charge does not fully secure its original objectives due to its low levy and limited range of provisions. Moreover, the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation has been criticized because of similar reduction and exemption provisions. Therefore, this study analyzes the inequity problems associated with the charges and proposes solutions. First of all, the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge should be redesigned in such a way that it reflects the substantial value of natural resource damage through either abrogate or increased maximum limits of the charge. With regard to the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation, the cases and ranges of reduction and exemption provisions should be narrowed. Finally, the charges collected should be expended in conformity with their original objectives, and their expenditure should be restricted to either restoration activities or activities directly related to compensation and mitigation of damaged natural resources.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.2
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• pp.39-57
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• 1998

IMF위기 이후 여러 가지로 어려움에 처해 있는 경제를 회복하기 위한 돌파구로서 외국기업과 자본의 유치의 중요성이 더해지고 있다. 특히 대규모 기업의 구조조정과 기업들의 투자마인드 위축으로 어려움을 겪고 있는 지방경제를 활성화하기 위한 수단으로서의 투자유치는 먼저, 외국자본의 직접투자를 통하여 단기간에 산업기반을 강화할 수 있고, 제조업의 해외이전에 따른 산업공동화를 방지할 수 있다. 또한 당면한 과제인 고실업을 해소하기 위해서도 필요하다. 정부는 '98, 9. 17. 외국인투자유치촉진법을 제정, 공포하고, 시행령을 마련하여, 국세와 지방세의 감면혜택은 물론 분양가와 조성원가와 차액보조금, 고용보조금, 직업훈련비등의 인센티브를 보완한다. 경상남도의 외국인투자유치전략으로는 경남의 입지적 경쟁우위를 확보할 수 있는 업종을 선정하여 중점유치활동을 전개하고 있다. 이를 위한 구체적 방안으로는 첫째, 투자유치과를 신설하고 전문직공무원을 채용하였고, 민간전문가를 기업으로부터 파견받아 기존 공무원이 담당하기 힘든 부분을 담담토록 하고 있고, 둘째, 진사지방산업단지를 외국인투자지역으로 지정하고 하였다. 셋째, 외국인투자기업에 대한 여러 가지 인센티브를 위하여 경상남도 기업 및 투자 유치조례(안)을 입안중이다. 넷째, 투자유치 타켓기업을 선정하여 집중유치활동을 전개하고 있으며, 다섯째, 경남도내에 이미 투자한 기업에 대한 사후관리를 철저히 하여 경영상의 애로사항 해결에 만전을 다 할 것이다. 지방자치제의 실시로 지방자치단체간의 경쟁이 가열되고 있으나 투자유치활동에 있어서 동서의 협력방안을 모색해 보았으며, 공동투자프로젝트 개발, 공동투자유치설명회 개최, 투자 유치기법의 상호 벤치마킹 등이 필요하다. 결론적으로 외국인 투자촉진법 등 법령의 정비와 외국인 투자유치의 중요성에 대한 인식이 확산되어 외국인 투자유치의 환경이 획기적으로 개선될 것으로 기대된다. 지방자치단체에서도 투자를 기다리던 관행에 탈피하여 입체적인 투자유치노력을 전개해야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.177-206
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• 2013

The Korean government has implemented the senior employment policy as a direct job creation policy since 2004. A realistic discussion of policy alternatives and orientation for this has been given little attention even though senior employment policy has been carried out for the last 10 years and it will be expanded next year. This study tries to examine active labor market policy especially focusing on direct job creation programs and policies for the disadvantaged low-income elderly in OECD countries, and then it suggests some developmental alternatives for senior employment policy based on the study's results. The main results from this analysis are summarized in two points. Firstly, except pension policies, employment policy for older workers in the OECD countries is highly proportional to the tackling of objective factors reducing the demand for older workers (wage subsidies, reduced social security contribution rate etc). And the strategies of improving employability have not been relatively important and direct job creation policy has been marginal. Secondly, employment support policies for the low-income elderly can be divided into three types: support for the low-income elderly, alleviating early retirement and support for full employment according to the criteria which are determined by policy objectives and the social economic index. Korea's employment support policies belong to the type of direct job creation among them. This seems to be due to the fact that the rate of elderly poverty is extremely high and an income security system has not been developed in Korea. However, the policy objective is still uncertain. Therefore, this policy needs to set up clear objectives and establish a proper system for the achievement of its goals. If we focus on the strength of its employment characteristics, we need to modify the policy's plan in the perspective of labor market policy. But if we intend to keep both of the current objectives, it is better for this policy to be divided into two parts: social participation and income supplements. Or it also may be a solution to transform the system into an employment service, a training system which supports participants to move into unsubsidized jobs such as SCSEP in the U. S.