• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.583-586
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• 2003

부산 동래지역 지열수에 대한 지화학적 진화과정을 밝히기 위하여 지열수, 지하수 및 해수에 대한 수리화학 특성과 이들의 연관성을 고찰하였다. 또한 심부환경에서의 지화학 특성을 규명하기 위하여 각종 이온지질온도계와 다성분 지질온도계를 적용하였으며, 동위원소특성과 함께 지화학 모델링을 통하여 심부환경에서의 온천수의 지화학특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 동래 지열수의 수리화학적 특성은 해수의 영향을 받아 높은 이온함량을 보이며 Na-Cl형을 보여준다. 지열수는 주변 지하수와의 크게 혼합된 양상을 나타낸다. 지화학 모델링에 따르면 지열수는 심부에서 약 5% 영향을 받은 것으로 추정된다. 즉, 심부로 순환하는 지열수가 해수와 혼합되며, 이들이 지열에 의해 가열되면서 광물의 용해 및 침전, 이온 교환반응 등 물-암석 반응을 거치면서 심부지열수를 형성하였으며, 지열수가 천부환경으로 상승하는 과정에서 동래지역 주변 천부지하수와 다양하게 혼합되면서 현재 동래온천수의 화학조성을 갖는 온천수를 형성하는 것으로 지열수의 진화 과정을 설명할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.159-170
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• 1999

The hydrogeochemical study on the $CO_2$-rich water in the Chojeong area was carried out. The $CO_2$-rich water of Ca-$HCO_3$type is characterized by low pH (5.0~5.8). high $CO_2$concentration ($Pco_2$＜$10^{0.31}$atm) and high TDS. The water chemistry indicates that the $CO_2$-rich water was probably evolved by the local suppy of deep seated $CO_2$gas resulting in the enhanced water/rock (granite) interaction under low pH conditions. High $NO_3$concentration indicates that the $CO_2$water was mixed and diluted with low $CO_2$groundwater in the vicinity of the area, in which the extensive groundwater abstraction occurred during the past years. The evoiution of the $CO_2$-rich water in the Chojeong area for the process of $CO_2$injection water/rock interaction and mixing processes was thermodynamically simulated by PHREEQC. Although the simulation was limited to water/plagioclase interaction, the results show the feasible explanation about the observed trend of pH and Ca and Na concentrations of the $CO_2$-rich water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.218-221
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• 2001

양양 양수발전소 건설 지역 터널 내에서 동일 암상 내에 부존하는 단열 암반 대수층 지하수를 수평/수직적 관점에서 체계적으로 채취하고 수리지구화학 및 환경동위원소 특성 연구를 수행하고 있다. 현재까지 모아진 특성 자료를 공간적 변화와 관련하여 예비 고찰한 곁과, 연구 지역에는 두 가지 상이한 지하수 유통계를 이루고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2001

The geochemical studies on groundwater in the borehole, which is straddled by multi-packer (MP) system, were carried out from a volcanic terrain in the Yeosu area. The pH of groundwater collected from selected sections in the MP-installed borehole is much higher (up to 9.6) than that of the borehole groundwater (7.0-7.9) collected using conventional pumping technique. Hydrochemistry shows that the groundwater has a typical chemical change with increasing sampling depth, suggesting that the groundwater is evolved through water-rock interaction along the fracture-controlled flow paths. The groundwater from the deeper part (138-175 m below the surface) in borehole KI is characterized by the Ca-C11 type with high Ca (up to 160 mg/L) and Cl (up to 293 mg/L) contents, probably reflecting seawater intrusion. The groundwater also has high sodium and sulfate contents compared to the waters from other boreholes. These observed groundwater chemistry is explained by the cation exchange, sulfide oxidation, and mixing process with seawater along the flow path.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.336-339
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• 2005

포천지역의 포천천과 그 주변의 8개 소유역을 대상으로 2003년 8월부터 2004년 8월까지 하천 8개 지점과 기존 지하수 관정 66개소를 선정하여 수리지구화학 및 환경동위원소 연구를 실시하였다. 복합적인 토지이용과 관련하여 연구지역 수계에서는 오염물질 유입이 광역적으로 인지되었으며, 일부 지역에서는 지하수계로의 오염물질 유입이 강하게 나타나 인근 하천까지 영향을 줌이 확인되었다. 오염기원으로 해석되는 대표적인 무기이온종인 $NO_3,\;Cl,\;SO_4$의 존재비를 이용하여 연구 지역의 지표수와 충적 지하수를 크게 3개 수질 그룹으로 분류하였다. 이들 그룹들은 각각 특징적인 충진 특성과 용존 이온의 분포/거동 양상을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. 본 논문에서는 세 유형의 지표수/충적 지하수 외에 암반 지하수를 포함하여 연구지역 자연수의 수리지구화학 진화 경로와 오염물질의 유입 및 거동 양상에 대하여 토의한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.195-197
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.192-202
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• 1998

We investigated the geochemistry and environmental isotopes of granite-bedrock groundwater in the Yeongcheon diversion tunnel which is located about 300 m below the land surface. The hydrochemistry of groundwaters belongs to the Ca-HCO$_3$type, and is controlled by flow systems and water-rock interaction in the flow conduits (fractures). The deuterium and oxygen-18 data are clustered along the meteoric water line, indicating that the groundwater are commonly of meteoric water origin and are not affected by secondary isotope effects such as evaporation and isotope exchange. Tritium data show that the groundwaters were mostly recharged before pre-thermonuclear period and have been mixed with younger surface water flowing down rapidly into the tunnel along fractured zones. Based on the mass balance and reaction simulation approaches, using both the hydrochemistry of groundwater and the secondary mineralogy of fracture-filling materials, we have modeled the low-temperature hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the area. The results of geochemical simulation show that the concentrations of Ca$\^$2＋/, Na$\^$＋/ and HCO$_3$and pH of waters increase progressively owing to the dissolution of reactive minerals in flow paths. The concentrations of Mg$\^$2＋/ and K$\^$＋/ frist increase with the dissolution, but later decrease when montmorillonite and illitic material are precipitated respectively. The continuous adding of reactive minerals, namely the progressively larger degrees of water/rock interaction, causes the formation of secondary minerals with the following sequence: first hematite, then gibbsite, then kaolinite, then montmorillonite, then illtic material, and finally microcline. During the simulation all the gibbsite is consumed, kaolinite precipitates and then the continuous reaction converts the kaolinite to montmorillonite and illitic material. The reaction simulation results agree well with the observed, water chemistry and secondary mineralogy, indicating the successful applicability of this simulation technique to delineate the complex hydrogeochemistry of bedrock groundwaters.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2014

This study evaluated the evolution stage and origin of chemical components of 12 boreholes at crystalline bedrock using multivariate statistical and groundwater quality analyses. Groundwater types are mostly belonged to Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$ and Ca-$HCO_3$ types, indicating that directly reaction of cation exchange ($Ca^{2+}{\rightarrow}Na^+$) prevailed. The degree of groundwater evolution is included the range from low to intermediate stage based on field and laboratory analytical conditions. As a result of multivariate statistical analysis, a typical indicator of groundwater contamination, $NO_3$-, has the positive correlation with $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$. The origin of sea spary ($Cl^-$) has the positive correlation with $Na^+$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $K^+$, while not correlation with $Ca^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $HCO_3{^-}$, $F^-$, and $SiO_2$. The concentration of $Cl^-$ and $NO_3{^-}$ belongs to general quality of groundwater and not exceeds over the Korean standard for drinking water. And the negative values of saturation index of minerals are calculated with chemical components in groundwater. Therefore, most of chemical components of groundwater in the study area are originated from natural process between rock and groundwater, whereas some of components are derived from sea spary and anthropogenic sources related to agricultural activities.