• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2011

수문모형은 여러 가지 기준에 따라 분류될 수 있으며 공간적 분포에 따라 집중형 모형과 분포형 모형으로 나뉜다. 한국건설기술연구원에서 개발한 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Analysis Tool) 모형은 수문학적으로 균일하게 판단되는 범위를 소유역으로 분할하여 토지이용, 하도특성에 따라 집중형인 링크-노드 구성을 통해 침투, 증발, 지하수 흐름 등의 모의가 가능하며, 개발전후의 유출특성을 평가할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. CAT은 다양한 물순환 개선 시설을 평가하고 사용자 편의 시스템을 제공하고 있으며 입력자료가 적고 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용 해석이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 CAT은 개발 초기 단계로서 현재도 모형의 보정이 이루어지고 있기 때문에 다양한 검증이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 소유역에서의 강우-유출 특성을 평가하기 위하여, 대상유역을 선정하여 유역수문특성을 조사 분석하고, CAT 모형을 적용하여 장기 유출량을 추정하여, 그 적용성을 평가하는 데 있다. 대상지구는 경기도에 위치한 CAT 모형을 이용하여 소유역의 장기 유출을 모의하여 실측자료와 비교함으로서 모형의 적용성을 평가하는 데 있다. 대상지구는 경기도에 위치하고 있는 발안저수지 유역의 HP#6 ($3.84km^2$) 소유역을 선정하였다. 발안 저수지 유역은 경기도 화성시에 위치하고 있으며, 1996년부터 서울대학교 지역시스템공학과에서 수문/수질 모니터링을 실시해오고 있다. 대상유역의 기상자료 및 유역 특성자료를 바탕으로 모형의 입력자료를 구축하였고, 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 1997년과 1999년의 일 유출량 실측 자료와 CAT을 통해 모의된 값을 비교하여 보정하였고, 2000년 자료를 이용하여 검정을 수행하였다. 모형의 적용성은 모형의 보정과 검정에 대한 결과에 대한 통계적 변량을 이용하여 평가하였다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Groundwater-surface water interaction was evaluated using water quality parameters (temperature and electrical conductivity), distributions of stable water isotopes (δ²H and δ ¹⁸O), and Rn-222 in lagoon water, groundwater, and seawater at three coastal lagoons (Songji (SJ), Youngrang (YR), and Sunpo (SP) Lagoon) in South Korea. From the results of composition and distributions of δ²H and δ¹⁸O, it was found that groundwater fraction of lagoon water in YR Lagoon (76%) was slightly higher than those of SJ (42%), and SP (63%) Lagoon. Based on Rn-222 mass balance model, groundwater discharge into SJ Lagoon in summer 2020 was estimated to be (3.2±1.1)×10³ m³ day^-1, which showed a similar or an order of magnitude higher than the results of previous studies conducted in coastal lagoons. This study can provide advanced techniques to evaluate groundwater-surface water interaction in coastal lagoons, wetlands, and lakes, and help to determine the effects of groundwater on coastal ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

조류(녹조)발생과 대응 연차보고서(2016)에 따르면, 낙동강 유역의 녹조현상은 2013년부터 해마다 발생했으며 국가적으로 가장 극심한 가뭄을 겪은 2015년의 경우 최장 161일 동안 지속되었음을 보고하였다. 이러한 녹조대응을 위해 환경부 국토부 등 관계기관은 댐 보 연계운영협의회 등을 통해 2016년 8월부터 낙동강 일부 댐 및 보에 대해 부분 방류를 실시하였다. 댐-보 연계운영에 따른 수문 수질 거동 분석은 국가 유역관리 측면에서 우선적으로 대비해야 할 중요한 문제이나, 댐보 연계의 효율적인 운영을 위한 정확한 분석과 평가에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이뤄지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강유역($2,369km^2$)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용에 의한 물수지 분석을 수행하고, 수질(SS, T-N, T-P)을 모의하였다. SWAT 모형 구축을 위해 낙동강유역을 표준유역 단위로 구분하고, 기상자료, 다목적댐(안동댐, 임하댐, 합천댐, 남감댐, 밀양댐)과 다기능보(상주보, 구미보, 칠곡보, 강정보, 달성보, 합천보, 함안보) 운영자료, 국가지하수정보센터에서 관측 및 관리하고 있는 지하수위 관측자료, 국가수질측정망 하천수 수질 측정자료를 수집하였다. SWAT 모형의 신뢰성있는 수문 및 수질 보정을 위해 낙동강유역 내 위치하는 다목적댐 및 다기능보의 실측 방류량을 이용하여 댐 운영모의를 고려하였고, 지하수위, 토양수분 및 수질자료를 이용하여 모형의 시공간적 보정(2005~2009)과 검증(2010~2017)을 실시하였다. 댐-보 연계운영 평가를 위해 환경부에서 제시한 4개의 연계운영 시나리오 중 3개의 시나리오((1) 댐+보 동시방류+제약수위 유지, (2) 보 동시방류+제약수위 유지, (3) 보 순차방류+제약수위 유지)를 선택하여 모의하였으며, 시나리오에 따른 수문 수질 거동을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2006

Experimental leaching of tailings was performed as a function of times (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days) in the laboratory using reaction solutions equilibrated to three different pH set-points (pHs 1,3 and 5). The initial pHs of 5 and 3 stabilized at either 4.6-6.1 or 2.8-3.5 in 2 days and decrease gradually with time afterwards. The results of the leaching tests indicate that the significant increase in the sulfate concentrations and in acidity after 7 days of leaching results from the oxidation of sulfide minerals. There were no significant variations in the extractable Pb found in the leach solutions of pH 5 and 3 within the reaction time (1-30 days), while Zn, Cd and Cu concentrations tend to significantly increase with time. In tailings leaching at an initial pH=1, two trends were observed: i) The 'Zn-type' (Zn, Cd and Cu), with increasing concentrations between days 1 and 30, corresponding to the expected trend when continuous dissolution is the dominant process, ii) the 'Pb-type' (Pb), with decreasing concentrations over time, suggesting rapid dissolution of a Pb source followed by the precipitation of 'anglesite' in relation to the large increase in dissolved sulfates. The high sulfate concentrations were coupled with high concentrations of released Fe, Zn and Cd. Release of Zn and Cd and acidity from these leaching experiments can potentially pose adverse impact to surface and groundwater qualities in the surrounding environment. The kinetic problems could be the important factor which leads to increasing concentrations of trace metals in the runoff water.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1233-1237
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• 2010

강변여과는 지표수와 지하수가 각기 갖는 장점과 제약점을 상호 보완하여 수질이 양호한 상수원수를 대량 확보하기 위한 실제적 대안이다. 자연적인 여과작용에 의해 수질이 개선되는 효과가 있어 경제적이고 안정적으로 확보할 수 있지만, 장기간 취수는 지하수위의 저하를 가져 올 수 있으므로 유역의 수문분석을 통한 기저유출량 산정에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 대상지역으로는 현재 강변여과를 개발중인 창원시 대산정수장 취수장 지역이며, 대상지역의 기저유출량을 산정하기 위해 대상지역 상류에 위치한 낙동강 본포교의 낙동강 유량을 기초로 기저유출량을 산정하여 지하수 함양율을 평가하였다. 수문곡선 분리는 여러 방법 중 다른 방법보다 상대적으로 간편하고 실무에서 많이 사용되는 방법인 수평직선분리법을 사용하여 적정 취수 가능량을 산정하기 위한 최소 기저유출량을 산정하고자 한다. 이에 따라, 보유 자료 중 연 평균 최저 유출량을 보인 2008년 가을 갈수기의 시작(2008년 10월)부터 2009년 가을 갈수기의 시작(2009년 10월)까지의 자료를 분석했다. 본포교 유량 자료는 8일부터 10일 간격으로 측정되고 있기 때문에 결측치는 최인접 두 지점 사이의 선형보간법으로 보완했다. 다소 많은 양의 결측치에 대한 보정과 해당 유역의 연간 유출 특성을 파악하기 위해서 이동평균(moving average)을 적용했으며, 적용 결과 관측 주기에 해당하는 10일 이동평균 유출수문곡선이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 10일 이동평균에 의한 유출수문곡선에 의하면 상승부의 기점은 2009년 6월 12일로 나타났으며 유출량은 47.87cms로 나타났다. 따라서 총 기저유출량은 상승부 기점의 유출량으로 111일 동안 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었으며 그 총량은 약 45,900만$m^3$으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서의 결과 본포교를 유역출구로 하는 이 유역에는 임의 유출이 생기는 호우사상 시, 기저유출량은 총 유출량의 6.38%를 최소한 기대할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1994

As the groundwater flows along the fractures of crystalline rocks, it will be in contact with the fracture walls mostly coated by secondary minerals which are quite different form those of host rocks. The presence of fracture-filling minerals in crystalline rocks is important on the view point of radioactive waste disposal because of their great surface reactivity. The Surichi drill hole of 200 m in depth in the Yugu area composed mainly of Precambrian gneiss was selected to study the formation process of clay minerals on the fracture wall of gneiss, and their relation with present groundwater. The water-rock interaction in fractures resulted in the formation of gibbsite and clay minerals. They are formed by two different processes : (1) Incongruent dissolution of feldspar by groundwater diffused from a fracture path into rock matrix produced smectite and illite in situ, (2) on the wall of fracture, gibbsite, kaolinite, smectite and illite are formed by precipitation of dissolved species in groundwater. They show the paragenetic sequence such as gibbsite${\leftrightarrow}$kaolinite${\leftrightarrow}$smectite or illite. The paragenetic sequence of fracture-filling minerals was controlled by increase of pH of groundwater, decrease of fracture permeability by precipitation of fillings, and immobility of alkali or alkaline earths in groundwater. The groundwater from the Surichi borehole is a $Na-HCO_{3}$ type with pH range of 8.6-9.2. The sodium and bicarbonate in groundwater would be supplied by the dissolution of albite and calcite, respectively. The saturation index of groundwater and surface water calculated by WATEQ4F indicates that gibbsite and kaolinite are under precipitation to equilibrium state, and that smectite and illite are under equilibrium to redissolution environment. The stability relation of clay minerals in the $Na_{2}O-Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}-H_{2}O$ system shows that kaolinite is stable for all waters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.839-846
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• 2004

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the tunneling effect on the groundwater-surface water interaction. The designed tunnel line is laid beneath the Gapo-cheon, which runs throughout study area. And, the pre-evaluation of the tunnel-influence on the Gapo-cheon is urgently needed. However, it is very difficult to find out the similar domestic and/or foreign cases. In this study, we would exclude the numerical modeling technique with insufficient data. Instead of the evaluation of the tunneling effect on the groundwater-surface water interaction with the numerical modeling, we monitored the flow rate of surface water at various point. We measured the flow rate of surface water at 5 points. With the results of surface flow, we can conclude that 39% of flow rate in Gapo-cheon is contributed by the groundwater discharge, as baseflow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

The hydrogeochemical study on the 15 natural waters was carried out in the vicinity of tunnel excavation site of Donghae largely composed of granite and limestone. The water samples can be classified based on their chemical characteristics into two groups; waters draining in the granitic region(group 1) and the limestone region(group 2). This classification was also confirmed by statistical examination through cluster analysis, and the tunnel seepage waters collected at the same site appear to be included in group 1 and 2 by their sampling period, respectively. According to factor analysis, the waters of group 1 art mainly represented by the weathering of plagioclase to kaolinite and those of group 2 are characterized by the dissolution of calcite. Different properties of the tunnel seepage waters are thought to be resulted from the effective waterproofing processes conducted during the sampling interval to the surface and subsurface leakage zones at the granitic region, which contributed to the change of groundwater flow system. However both the tunnel seepage waters seem to have thermodynamically interacted with rock-forming minerals in their wallrocks. The mixing ratio of the waters from two groups and water-rock interactions are evaluated quantitatively for the tunnel seepage waters through the mass balance approach, and the results are identical with the previous conclusions in this study.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

In soil and sediment environment, microorganisms play major roles in biochemical cycles of ecological significant elements. Because of its ecological significance, microbial diversity and community structure information are useful as indexes for assessing the quality of subsurface ecological environment and bioremediation. To achieve more accurate assessment, it is requested to gain sufficient yield and purity of DNA extracted from various soil and sediment samples. Although there have been a large number of basic researches regarding soil and sediment DNA extraction methods, little guideline information is given in literature when choosing optimal DNA extraction methods for various purposes such as environmental ecology impact assessment and bioremediation capability evaluation. In this study, we performed a thorough literature review to compare the characteristics of the current DNA extraction methods from soil and sediment samples, and discussed about considerations when selecting and applying DNA extraction methods for environmental impact assessment and bioremediation capability evaluation. This review suggested that one approach is not enough to gain the suitable quantity and yield of DNA for assessing microbial diversity, community structure and population dynamics, and that a careful attention has to be paid for selecting an optimal method for individual environmental purpose.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.533-545
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• 2015

Spatial and seasonal variations in hydrogeochemical characteristics and the factors affecting the deterioration in quality of shallow portable groundwater in an agricultural area are examined. The aquifer consists of (from the surface to depth) agricultural soil, weathered soil, weathered rock, and bedrock. The geochemical signatures of the shallow groundwater are mostly affected by the NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ contaminants that show a gradual downward increase in concentration from the upper area, due to the irregular distribution of contamination sources. The concentrations of the major cations do not varied with the elapsed time and the NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ ions, when compared with concentrations in background groundwater, increase gradually with the distance from the upper area. This result suggests that the water quality in shallow groundwater deteriorates due to contaminant sources at the surface. The contaminations of the major contaminants in groundwater show a positive linear relationship with electrical conductivity, indicating the deterioration in water quality is related to the effects of the contaminants. The relationships between contaminant concentrations, as inferred from the ternary plots, show the contaminant concentrations in organic fertilizer are positively related to concentrations of NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻ ions in the shallow portable groundwaters, which means the fertilizer is the main contaminant source. The results also show that the deterioration in shallow groundwater quality is caused mainly by NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ derived from organic fertilizer with additional SO₄²⁻ contaminant from livestock wastes. Even though the concentrations of the contaminants within the shallow groundwaters and the contaminant sources are largely variable, it is useful to consider the ratio of contaminant concentrations and the relationship between contaminants in groundwater samples and in the contaminant source when analyzing deterioration in water quality.