• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.899-909
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• 2023

In this study, the material scientific characteristics of Hobun pigments used as white inorganic pigment for traditional cultural heritage were identified according to the type of shell and calcination and evaluated the stability of the preservation environment. For the purpose of this, we collected 2 different types of Hobun pigments made by oyster and clam shell and its calcined products(at 1,150℃). Hobun pigments before calcined identified calcium carbonate such as calcite, aragonite but calcination derived changing main composition to portlandite and calcite. Results of FE-SEM showed characteristics microstructure for each shell but pigments after calcined observed porous structure. Porous granule highly caused oil adsorption according to increase specific surface area of pigments. In addition, the whiteness improved after calcined pigments compared to non-calcined pigments, and the color improvement rate of Hobun pigment (CS) which made of clam shell was higher. As a result of the accelerated weathering test, the Hobun pigment-colored specimen had a color difference value of less than 2 after the test, which was difficult to recognize with the naked eye. In particular, the color stability has improved as the color difference value of the Hobun pigment is smaller after calcined compared to before non-calcined pigment. However, it was confirmed that the stability of the painting layer was lower in the specimen after calcined pigment. For antifungal activity test, Aspergillus niger, Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor were used as test fungi, and all pigments were found to have preventive and protective effects against fungi. Especially, the antifungal effect of the calcined pigment was excellent, which is due to the stronger basicity of the pigment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2024

This study evaluated the physical characteristics and quality of volcanic rocks distributed in the Jeju Island-Ulleung Island area as aggregate resources. The main rocks in the Jeju Island area include conglomerate, volcanic rock, and volcanic rock. Conglomerate is composed of yellow-red or gray heterogeneous sedimentary rock, conglomerate, and encapsulated conglomerate in a state between lavas. Volcanic rocks are classified according to their chemical composition into basalt, trachybasalt, basaltic trachytic andesite, trachytic andesite, and trachyte. By stratigraphy, from bottom to top, Seogwipo Formation, trachyte andesite, trachybasalt (I), basalt (I), trachybasalt (II), basalt (II), trachybasalt (III, IV), trachyte, trachybasalt (V, VI), basalt (III), and trachybasalt (VII, VIII). The bedrock of the Ulleung Island is composed of basalt, trachyte, trachytic basalt, and trachytic andesite, and some phonolite and tuffaceous clastic volcanic sedimentary rock. Aggregate quality evaluation factors of these rocks included soundness, resistance to abrasion, absorption rate, absolute dry density and alkali aggregate reactivity. Most volcanic rock quality results in the study area were found to satisfy aggregate quality standards, and differences in physical properties and quality were observed depending on the area. Resistance to abrasion and absolute dry density have similar distribution ranges, but Ulleung Island showed better soundness and Jeju Island showed better absorption rate. Overall, Jeju Island showed better quality as aggregate. In addition, the alkaline aggregate reactivity test results showed that harmless aggregates existed in both area, but Ulleungdo volcanic rock was found to be more advantageous than Jeju Island volcanic rock. Aggregate quality testing is typically performed simply for each gravel, but even similar rocks can vary depending on their geological origin and mineral composition. Therefore, when evaluating and analyzing aggregate resources, it will be possible to use them more efficiently if the petrological-mineralological research is performed together.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and chemical components of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp. G314. Pseudomonas sp. G314 was isolated from soil samples which were contaminated with oil in Daejon area. As such, it produced quality biosurfactant [23]. One type of biosurfactant was kept in a refrigerator, whereas another type of biosurfactant was kept in room temperature. The surface tension activities were then compared. As a result, the biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. G314 that was kept at room temperature was stable for 10 days, showing 26.2 dyne/cm of surface tension activity. This result was found to be similar to that of the refrigerator storage. The surface tension of batch culture was 25 dyne/cm, but the culture in the 5 l fermentor was 27 dyne/cm. Therefore, it can be suggested that the large-scale culture is feasible via the fermentor. Biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. G314 was estimated to be a kind of glycolipid because it dissolved in acetone and methanol much better than in benzene and toluene [23]. A spot was detected through the elution of silica gel column and the spread of TLC, and the Rf value was 0.58. This spot has a positive reaction with Bail's reagent and rhodamine 6G. Hence, we can conclude that biosurfactant from Pseudomons sp. G314 was a glycolipid containing carbohydrate and lipid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2016

Soybean leaves, a Korean edible plant material, have been reported to prevent the development of osteoporosis and breast cancer. Based on this rational, soybean fallen leaves ethanolic extract (SBFL) was used for the experiment of cell invasion related to metastasis and antioxidant activity. The effect of SBFL on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080 as well as its anti-oxidant activity was investigated in this study. The effect of SBFL on scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species was evaluated in vitro using lipid peroxidation assay,DPPH radical and reducing power assay. SBFL showed the positive effects on antioxidant activity, compared with vitamin C and vitamin E used as positive controls. Furthermore, SBFL showed cytotoxicity above 16 µg/ml in MTT assay. In particular, it was found that SBFL decreased the activation of MMP-9 stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetae (PMA) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS). SBFL treatment increased the expression levels of p-FoxO-1 and SOD-1. Moreover, SBFL inhibited cell invasion stimulated by vascular endothelial growth Factor (VEGF). These results indicate that SBFL could inhibit cell invasion related to the activation of MMP-9 and oxidative stress, suggesting that it could be available as a main ingredient for prevention of metastasis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.958-962
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• 2008

To get the nutritional data of hot water extract from imported kangaroo tails, research was done about contents of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, protein, fat, mineral ions, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in tails. Collagen content of sulfuric acid digested sample was way higher at bones than meats in both kangaroo tail and cow tail. Comparing kangaroo tail and cow tail, meat of kangaroo tail have 1.7 times higher collagen content than that of cow tail. Content of collagen in bone parts of kangaroo tail was also higher 1.2 times than that of cow tail. Meat sample of kangaroo tail (liquid extraction) have 1.3 times higher content of muco-polysaccharide than that of cow tail. In the born part, kangaroo tail was 2.4 times higher than cow tail in its content of muco-polysaccharide. The CLA content of the kangaroo tail showed the content that was higher than 0.9% of the cow tail for 4.9% and showed about 5.3 times high ratios. Especially in kangaroo tail, a band with high content of CLA was found between C18:1 and C18:2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1981

The growing cells of S. aureus were fractionated along the Schmidt-Thannhauser-Schneider's technique into several fractions such as TCA(trichloroacetic acid)-soluble, lipid, nucleic acid, protein and residue fraction. They were also fractionated according to their cellular structure into Sonic-supernatant, SDS(sodium lauryl sulfate)-soluble, Formamide-soluble and Residue fraction. Fractionation was carried out by orderly treatment of the Sonic pellet with 1.0% SDS and hot$(150^{\circ}C)$ formamide, and the pellet was prepared by centrifugation of the cells sonic osillated for 20 minutes at 150 watt. Sonic-supernatant fraction contained a 91.3% of total DNA while other fractions contained less than 9.5%. SDS-soluble fraction showed a high activity of malate dehydrogenase(13.67 unit/mg protein) and which was higher 22.3 times than the activity found from unsoluble fraction. Formamide-soluble fraction prepared from SDS-undoluble pellet by using the hot formamide exhibited a clear action of reducing sugars against the Anthronesulfate, while it exhibited no clear action against the ninhydrin. However, contrastly, the residue remainnning after extraction with formamide exhibited a clear action against ninhydrin and glucosamine was detected form the hydrolysate of residue by paper chromatography. From these results it is considered that the Sonic-supernatant fraction is mainly consisted of plasmic component of the cells. Other fractions, SDS-soluble, Formamide-soluble and Residue, should be consisted of plasma membrane, lipoplysaccharide and peptidoglycan of the cell, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2000

The major components were isolated from the n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extract of Galla Rhois(Rhus Javanica Linne). Their structures were characterized as syringic acid, gallic acid methylester, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$. This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of isolated compounds. Five compounds were tested for hepatoprotective effects on CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and antioxidative effect on Ferric-Thiocyanate method and TBA method. As a result, isolated five compounds showed stronger antioxidative activity than tocopherol, and the antioxidative activity of gallic acid methylester, protocatechuic acid and syringic acid were similar to that of BHA on Ferric-Thiocyanate method. Specially 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ showed stronger effect of lipid-peroxidation inhibition than BHA. Gallic acid appeared stronger inhibitory effect of malondialdehyde on TBA method. Hepatoprotective effect of 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl -{\beta}-D-glucose$ was similar or even higher than that of glycyrrhizin on primary cultured rat hepatocyte cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Although the sesame lignans, sesamol, have been shown to possess antioxidative activity, less is known about the metabolism and antioxidative properties of sesamol, a major constituent of sesame oil. To determine the ability of sesamol to act as an antioxidant in vivo, we fed rats a diet containing 0.5% sesamol for 3 wk and studied its metabolism and its effects on oxidative stress. Body weight gain and weight of liver, kidneys were significantly higher in the rats fed sesamol than in rats fed the control diets. GST and GST-Px activities in rat liver microsomes were higher in rats fed sesamol and CAT activities were found to be significantly increased in rats fed sesamol. The formation of TBARS was decreased in the liver of rat fed the 0.5% sesamol diet than in controls. We detected sesamol metabolites in liver and kidneys of rats fed sesamol and its metabolites were present as conjugated glucuronides and sulfates. In contrast, not detected sesamol peak in other organs such as colon, small intestine and pancreas.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

A feeding trial of two feeding rate (satiation and $80\%$ satiation) $\times$ four feeding frequency (three meals a day, two meals a day, one meal a day and one meal every two days) factorial design with three replications was carried out to investigate the optimum feeding frequency and rate for growth of flounder during the winter season. Juvenile flounder averaging 45 g were fed a extruded pellet for 60 days. Weight gain was affected by both feeding frequency (P<0.001) and feeding rate (P<0.01). The best weight gain obtained from fish fed two meals a day with satiation was not different from that of fish fed three meals a day with satiation and $80\%$ satiation. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet three times daily were the highest among groups, but not different to other groups of fish except for one meal every two days with satiation and $80\%$ satiation feeding. Daily feed intake was affected by both feeding frequency and feeding rate (P<0.001), these values of fish fed two and three meals a day with satiation were the highest among the groups. Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents of fish were not affected by both feeding frequency and feeding rate (P>0.05). The results of this study indicate that the optimum feeding frequency for the growth of juvenile flounder grown from 45 g to 53 g is two meals a day with satiation feeding during the winter season.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

This study examines the quality characteristics of the muffins made by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% of beet powder, comparing with the reference group. The result showed that there has been no significant difference in the ash content from the groups added with 3% and 9% of beet powder. The height of muffins appeared to be 4.7~5.0 cm, which didn't show any significant difference among the samples. The volume of beet muffins has shown significant difference among the samples (p<0.001). From the measurement result by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the samples had thick cellular walls and coarse pores because there was less gluten content with increased beet powder. From the chromaticity measurement result, L value and b-value decreased, while a-value increased with increased beet powder. From the texture measurement result, hardness increased with increased beet powder. Adhesiveness appeared to be getting lower with increased beet powder. Also, there was significant difference among the samples for cohesiveness (p<0.001). Gumminess got higher in the samples added with 3% and 6% of beet powder, and the highest chewiness was shown in the sample group added with 3% of beet powder. From the sensory evaluation result, overall acceptance has appeared in order of 6% > 9% > 3% > 0%.