• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.440-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to provide essential data and relevant management proposal to conserve and maintain big and old trees in a rational way. For the field survey, 77 big and old trees preserved by the laws in Chollabuk-do, Korea were investigated. The study results are summarized as follows : 1. To conserve and manage big and old trees, the valuable trees have been designated as natural monument trees and protection-needed trees. There are 141 individuals of 37 species designated as natural monuments and 10,049 individuals of 102 species designated as protection-needed trees. 2. Management budget for natural monument trees was devoted at 70% from the national expenditure, but that for protection-needed trees was devoted at 98% from the local expenditure. 3. Standardized sign boards and sign stones for natural monument trees were well placed and other protection facilities such as fences, branch supports and branch holdings were established. On the other hand, management of protection-needed trees was deficient overall. 4. Problems for designation process and management of protection-needed trees could include items such as insufficient management budget, various development activities, land ownership, misjudgement of tree age and species identification, unsatisfaction of sign board placement, insufficient surgery for damaged trees, pavement around tree root system and environmental pollution around the trees. 5. In order to improve the existing management methods of big and old trees, the following schemes were suggested : the development of practical criteria for natural monument and protection-needed trees, nationwide surveys of big and old tree resources, the security of national budget, securing sufficient spaces for the tree growth, specialization of management systems, extended practices of tree form management, establishment of permanent standard signs and consideration of opinions of village residents.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the specialty hospital system by comparing the medical use of inpatients who had artificial joint replacement surgery in specialty hospitals and non-specialty hospitals. Methods: This study utilized 2021-2022 healthcare benefit claims data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The dependent variable is inpatient medical use which is measured in terms of charges per case and length of stay. The independent variable was whether the hospital was designated as a specialty hospital, and the control variables were patient-level variables (age, gender, insurer type, surgery type, and Charlson comorbidity index) and medical institution-level variables (establishment type, classification, location, number of orthopedic surgeons, and number of nurses). Results: The results of the multiple regression analysis between charges per case and whether a hospital is designated as a specialty hospital showed a statistically significant negative relationship between charges per case and whether a hospital is designated as a specialty hospital. This suggests a significant low in charges per case when a hospital is designated as a specialty hospital compared to a non-specialty hospital, indicating that there is a difference in medical use outcomes between specialty hospitals and non-specialty hospitals inpatients. Conclusion: The practical implications of this study are as follows. First, the criteria for designating specialty hospitals should be alleviated. In our study, the results show that specialty hospitals have significantly lower per-case costs than non-specialty hospitals. Despite the cost-effectiveness of specialty hospitals, the high barriers to be designated for specialty hospitals have gathered the specialty hospitals in metropolitan and major cities. To address the regional imbalance of specialty hospitals, it is believed that ease the criteria for designating specialty hospitals in non-metropolitan areas, such as introducing "semi-specialty hospitals (tentative name)," will lead to a reduction in health disparities between regions and reduce medical costs. Second, it is necessary to determine the appropriateness of the size of hospitals' medical staff. The study found that the number of orthopedic surgeons and nurses varied in charges per case. Therefore, it is believed that appropriately allocating hospital medical staff can maximize the cost-effectiveness of medical services and ultimately reduce medical costs.

• 동물약계
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• no.36
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• pp.2-3
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• 1997

[ $\cdot$ ]사료내 잔류농약 및 동물용의약품 허용기준 개정(안)에 대한 검토 협의회 개최 $\cdot$동물약사 감시결과 행정처분 내역 홍보 $\cdot$동물약품 품질관리를 위한 보관품 수거 $\cdot$사료첨가용 항생물질제제 함습도 기준 검토 $\cdot$사료첨가용 항생물질 '아보파신제제' 사용 규제 검토 $\cdot$동물용면역증강제 실용화 희망 업체 조사 $\cdot$97년도 상반기 알찬 거래선 지정 $\cdot$97년도 유당 공급선 지정$\cdot$알선 $\cdot$97년도 동물약품 제조용 유당 업체별 배정 $\cdot$$\ulcorner$동물약품 업계의 현황과 과제$\lrcorner$ 제작$\cdot$배부 $\cdot$동물약품 수출 촉진 협의회 개최 $\cdot$유방염 치료용 연고제 색소첨가 협의회 $\cdot$동물용의약품등 편람 제작 및 제품 홍보 안내

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.95-117
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• 1988

시장구조(市場構造)의 정확한 계측(計測)은 산업조직(産業組織)의 연구(硏究)나 경쟁촉진정책(競爭促進政策)의 수립(樹立)과 집행(執行)에 있어서 중요한 기초자료(基礎資料)가 된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 일반적으로 이용되는 시장구조지수(市場構造指數)들의 속성(屬性)과 특징(特徵) 및 지수상호간(指數相互間) 관계(關係)를 수리적(數理的) 통계적(統計的)으로 분석(分析)하였으며, 이를 통해 허핀달(H)지수(指數)가 현재 이용되는 상위(上位) k기업집중률(企業集中率)($CR_k$)이 갖고 있는 단점(短點)들을 극복함으로써 시장구조(市場構造)를 보다 정확히 반영할 수 있다는 사실을 도출(導出)해 낼 수 있었다. 이러한 사실을 바탕으로 "독점규제법시행령(獨占規制法施行令)"에서 규정하고 있는 $CR_k$를 기준으로 하는 시장지배적사업자(市場支配的事業者) 지정대상품목(指定對象品目) 선정기준(選定基準)을 H지수(指數)로 전환할 경우 발생할 수 있는 지정대상품목(指定對象品目)의 변동(變動)을 모의실험(模擬實驗)을 통해 검토하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.39 no.2 s.381
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• pp.122-135
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• 2001

'치과의사전공의 수련병원 실태조사 보고서'는 대한치과의사협회에서 작년 6월 전국에 위치한 치과의사 전공의 수련병원 실태조사를 시행하고 치과의사 전공의 수련병원 실태조사 소위원회 위원들이 작성한 보고서이다. 이번 조사는 차후 전문치과의사제도가 시행될 때 전문치과의사 수련병원의 지정기준을 결정하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것이다. 또한 전문치과의사제도가 시행될 때 전문치과의사 전공의 수련병원의 시설 기준, 이련(교육인력 및 교육보조인력 포함), 교육(시간,시설,교과목 등) 등에 대한 합리적이고 기본적인 지침을 제시하게 될 것이다. 보고서 전문 중 중요하다고 사료되는 일부를 발췌하여 게재하며 보고서 내용 전문은 치협 홈페이지(http://www.kda.or.kr)치과의사를 위한 정보 중 자료실 클릭 후 학술위원회를 선택하면 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.447-469
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• 2010

The recent publications of two major works from Ministry of Environment and Korea National Arboretum (Type specimens collected from Korea at the herbarium of the University of Tokyo, five volumes) and National Institute of Biological Resources (Korean type specimens deposited in foreign herbaria and museums, two volumes excluding other animal groups) on Korean vascular plants have resulted in discrepancies needing either correction or clarification. The former published the results of a portion of T. Nakai's collections deposited at TI, while the latter produced the results about collections of G. Koidzumi's, J. Ohwi's, and S. Kitamura's at Kyoto University and of E. H. Wilson's and H. Leveille's at Harvard University. Consequently some omissions, discrepancies, and conflicts resulted, such as the inclusion of conflicting designations of lectotype, isotype, syntype or holotype, erroneous citations of publications, and misinformation. Suh et al.'s publications about type specimens of Korean plants deposited at TI showed 47 conflicting typifications and 20 typographical and other errors. Type information offered by Yim et al. were discussed, and 75 conflicting typification and 30 typographical and other errors from these two volumes were also brought to notice. It is clear that Suh et al. and Yim et al. merely provided type information without consulting original description of each plant species. It is apparent that all these conflicting designation of types, erroneous citations of publications, and other types of misinformation were as a result of the disregard of original citation and the ignorance of basic type concept.

• LP가스
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• s.70
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• pp.4-5
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• 2000

지난 8월 14일자로"개발제한구역의 지정 및 관리에 관한 특별조치법 시행규칙"이 확정.공포됐다. 개발제한구역내 LPG충전소의 설치에 대한 관련법 내용을 게재한다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.823-832
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• 2007

• 동물약계
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• no.4
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• pp.3-3
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• 1993

1. 국가검정 관리 프로그램 2. 미량 광물질 제제의 유해 중금속 허용기준 조정 검토 3. 약효 재평가 관련 협의회 4. 국가검정제도 관련 진행사항 5, 동물약품 품질관리 우수업체지정 및 관리요령 개정의견 제출 6. 임시 이사회 개최

• Monthly Newsletter
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• no.212
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• pp.5-5
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• 2005

제18차 해외어촌어항조사단 모집 - SBS 물은 생명이다! 장마철 유입 쓰레기 수거 사업 취재 - 어항수요 및 지정 기준 산정을 위한 자문회의 개최 - 해양부, 준설토사 항만공사 재활용