• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

In a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, a vertical ground heat exchanger (GHE) is widely accepted due to a higher thermal performance. In the vertical GHE, grout (also called grouting material) plays an important role in the heat transfer performance and the initial installation cost of the GHE. Bentonite-based grout has been used in practice because of its high swelling potential and low hydraulic conductivity. This study evaluated the thermo-physical properties of the bentonite-based grouts through lab-scale measurements. In addition, we conducted performance simulation to analyze the effect of mixed ratio of grouts on the design length and thermal performance of the vertical GHE. The simulation results show that thermally-enhanced grouts improve the heat transfer performance of the vertical GHE and thus reduce the design length of GHE pipe.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2016

Commercial buildings and institutions are generally cooling-dominated and therefore reject more heat to a borehole ground heat exchanger (BHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. Shallow ponds can provide a cost-effective means to balance the thermal loads to the ground and to reduce the length of BHE. This paper presents the analysis results of the impact of design parameters on the length of SWHE pipe and its application effect on geothermal heat pump (GHP) system using BHE. In order to analysis, we applied ${\varepsilon}-NTU$ method on designing the length of SWHE pipe. Analysis results show that the required pipe length of SWHE was decreased with the increase of approach temperature difference and with the decrease of pipe wall thickness. In addition, when the SWHE was applied to the GHP system, the temperature of BHE was more stable than that of standalone BHE system.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is recommended as a heating and cooling system to solve the pending energy problem in the field of air conditioning, because it has the highest efficiency. However, higher initial construction cost works as a barrier to the promotion and dissemination of GSHP system. In this study, numerical analysis on the characteristics of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe with spiral inside was executed. The heat transfer and flow characteristics of it were compared with those of a conventional smooth HDPE pipe. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of the spiral HDPE pipe were higher than those of the smooth HDPE pipes at the same fluid flow rate. By decreasing the flow rate, the spiral HDPE pipe represented similar values of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop to the smooth HDPE pipe. The lower flow rate of the spiral HDPE pipe comparing with it of the smooth HDPE pipe is estimated to reduce the length of the ground loop heat exchanger.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

When applying geothermal systems in cities such as seoul where high density development prevails, the selection of geothermal system capable of obtaining a large capacity in the limited grounds is necessary. In this study, an easy-to-use design tool is developed in the form of spreadsheet by applying the calculation theory of existing closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger that can be used in the early design stage of the open-loop ground heat exchanger. By only using the maximum cooling and heating load, it is possible to calculate optimal design open-loop ground heat exchanger. Further research is needed, we are plan to improve the program considering the heat loss of groundwater flowing in the inner casing, G-Function for Open-Loop, and verification by applying actual projects.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed t he design condition for appropriate design factor at geothermal system design documents. It is intended to provide the proper information of geothermal system design condition when construct new building, designer can use design conditions more efficiently. Therefore, it is possible to plan for domestic geothermal system, through utilization at design element, to provide as a good information that can predict the approximate underground condition. Thus, provided the basic design conditions that can predict the capacity of the geothermal system. It will be the first step to solve the problem.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

For the perfomance test of geothermal system, a large pilot of capacity of 50RT is built and operated in office building. This system is planed hybrid system with cooling tower as asisstance heat sink. From October, 2004 to September, 2005, this system is operated andmonitored. As the result, COP of heating periods is about 3.46 and COP of cooling periods is about 4.1. Therefore, geothermal system is useful and suitable in Korea.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

과냉 촉진을 위한 새로운 열교환기(HESC)가 생활공간의 냉난방을 위한 공기-물 열펌프의 성능계수 향상을 위해 본 연구에서 개발되었으며 그 효과를 실험적으로 분석하였다. 이 열교환기(HESC)는 여러 단계의 셀과 튜브로 구성되어 있으며, 열펌프 시스템의 응축기와 증발기 사이에 장착되었다. 실험 조건으로, 외기온은 $7^{\circ}C$에서 $-17^{\circ}C$, 입구 물 온도는 $7{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ 그리고 제 2열전달매체로서 물의 질량 유동율은 시간당 100에서 $300{\ell}$로 변화를 주었다. 본 실험에서 이 열교환기가 장착된 열펌프의 압축기에서의 냉매 입 출구 사이의 온도 차이는 열교환기가 장착되지 않은 열펌프보다 $15^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 이에 따라 이 열교환기가 장착된 열펌프 시스템은 외기온 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 COP가 0.8 증가하였다. 따라서 이 공기-물 열펌프 시스템은 최근 한국에서 실용화되고 있는 고비용이 요구되는 지열 열펌프 시스템을 대체하여 생활공간을 위한 냉난방 시스템으로서 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2016

지열 히트펌프 시스템은 환경 친화적이고 에너지 절감 시스템으로 알려져 있다. 특히 지중 열교환기는 초기투자비와 시스템 성능을 결정하는 매우 중요한 요소다. 수직형 지열 시스템 설계를 위해서는 현장 열응답 테스트를 통해 지중 유효 열저항을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지열이용검토서를 통해 접수된 전국의 지중 열전도도를 지역별로 분석하였다. 전국 평균 지중 열전도도는 2.56 W/mK로 분석되었다. 지중 열전도도가 가장 높은 지역은 서울로 평균 2.68 W/mK이고, 가장 낮은 지역은 부산으로 2.28 W/mK다. 또한 해안을 접하고 있는 지역의 열전도도는 전국 평균에 비해 약 30% 낮다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2007

GHX (Geothermal Heat Exchanger) design which determines the performance and initial cost is the most important factor in ground source heat pump system. Performance of GHX is strongly dependent on the thermal resistance of soil, grout and pipe. In general, GHX design is based on the static simulation program. In this study, dynamic simulation has been peformed to analyze the variation of system performance for various GHX parameters. Line-source theory has been applied to calculate the variation of ground temperature. The averaged weather data measured during a 10-year period $(1991\sim2000)$ in Seoul is used to calculate cooling and heating loads of a building with a floor area of $100m^2$. The simulation results indicate that thermal properties of borehole play significant effect on the overall performance. Change of grout thermal conductivity from 0.4 to $3.0W/(m^{\circ}C)$ increases COP of heating by 9.4% and cooling by 17%. Change of soil thermal conductivity from 1.5 to $4.0W/(m^{\circ}C)$ increases COP of heating by 13.3% and cooling by 4.4%. Change of GHX(length from 100 to 200 m increases COP of heating by 10.6% and cooling by 10.2%. To study long term performance, dynamic simulation has been conducted for a 20-year period and the result showed that soil temperature decreases by $1^{\circ}C$, heating COP decreases by 2.7% and cooling COP decreases by 1.4%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

현재까지 지열 열펌프 시스템의 지중열교환기는 수직 밀폐형과 개방형 지중열교환기가 주로 설치되어 열응답시험을 이용한 열특성 평가가 수행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 열응답시험과 선형열원법을 이용하여 수평형 지중열교환기의 열특성을 분석하였다. 또한 지열 열펌프 시스템은 매일 단속 운전되어지므로 일일부하시험을 수행하여 수평형 지중열교환기의 지중온도 및 순환수 평균온도 일별 변화를 고찰하였다. 시험을 위해 경기도 안산에 직선식 수평형 지중열교환기(심도 2 m, 길이 50 m 8줄)를 설치하였다. 시험결과 수평형 지중열교환기의 지중 열전도율은 연중 $1.43{\sim}1.64W/m{\cdot}K$ 범위로 비교적 큰 변화가 없으며 12월에 최대값을, 5월에 최소값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 12일간 지중 열교환기로 하루 10시간동안 6.0 kW의 열량을 투입하는 연속 부하시험을 6월, 9월, 12월에 수행한 결과 지중온도는 이 기간 동안 각각 $4.31^{\circ}C$, $3.14^{\circ}C$, $1.21^{\circ}C$ 상승하는 것으로 나타났다.