• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지역 경계

Search Result 1,494, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Petrogenetic Study on the Foliated Granitoids in the Chonju and the Sunchang Area(I) -In the Light of Petrochemical Properties- (전주 및 순창지역에 분포하는 엽리상화강암류의 성인에 대한 연구(I) - 암석지화학적 특성을 중심으로 -)

  • Na, Choon-Ki;Lee, In-Sung;Chung, Jae-Il
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
    • /
    • v.18 no.6
    • /
    • pp.480-492
    • /
    • 1997
  • In order to understand the processes involved in the petrogenesis and the differentiation of the primary magma spectrum, a petrological and geochemical properties were investigated for the Chonju and the Sunchang foliated granites, which are located in the southwestern part of the Okchon zone and extends up to the northwestern boundary of the Ryongnam massif as two subparallel batholiths. Major element analyses show that the Chonju and Sunchang foliated granites are classified petrologically into a weakly to strongly peraluminous or calc-alkaline, but do not fit neatly into either of the I/S-type or magnetite/ilmenite-series classification schemes for granites, although the I-type and magnetite-series characteristics seem to be predominant based on the major element chemistry. In normative compositions, the Chonju granite is petrographically evolved from granodiorite to granite, whereas the Sunchang granite is from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite. It seems to suggest a difference of the magmatic evolution processes such as crustal assimilation and/or fractional crystallization in magma. The REE patterns of both batholiths show high similarity and strongly fractionated REE distributions which show high $(Ce/Yb)_N$ ratios and little or no Eu anomalies. These REE patterns correspond broadly to those seen in the pre-Cretaceous granitoids of Korea. Apparently, the evidences obtained from the bulk compositions strongly suggest that the two foliated granitoids were formed by partial meltings of a relatively restricted and similar, may be common, source material which contains a continental crust component having an igneous composition, and have undergone a similar magmatic differentiation processes.

  • PDF

Analyzing the Characteristics of Sea Ice Initial Conditions for a Global Ocean and Sea Ice Prediction System, the NEMO-CICE/NEMOVAR over the Arctic Region (전지구 해양·해빙예측시스템 NEMO-CICE/NEMOVAR의 북극 영역 해빙초기조건 특성 분석)

  • Ahn, Joong-Bae;Lee, Su-Bong
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.82-89
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, the characteristics of sea ice initial conditions generated from a global ocean and sea ice prediction system, the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) - Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE)/NEMOVAR were analyzed for the period June 2013 to May 2014 over the Arctic region. For the purpose, the observed and reanalyzed data were used to compare with the sea ice initial conditions. Results indicated that the variability of the monthly sea ice extent and thickness in model initial conditions were well represented as compared to the observation, while it was found that the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice in initial data were narrower and thinner than those in reanalysis and observation for the period. The reason for the narrower sea ice extent in model initial conditions seems to be due to the fact that the initial sea ice concentration at the boundary area of sea ice was about 20 percent less than the reanalysis data. Also, the reason for the thinner sea-ice thickness in the Arctic region is due to the underestimation of Arctic sea ice thickness (about 60 cm) of the model initial conditions in the Arctic Ocean area adjacent to Greenland and Arctic archipelago where thick sea ice appears all the year round.

Controlling by Effective Pruning of Twigs Showing Black Shoot Blight Disease Symptoms in Apple Trees (사과나무에서 가지검은마름병 억제를 위한 효율적 가지치기)

  • Han, Kyu Suk;Yu, Ji-Gang;Lee, Han-Beoyl;Oh, Chang-Sik;Yea, Mi Chi;Lee, Jong-Ho;Park, Duck Hwan
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.269-275
    • /
    • 2016
  • Black shoot blight disease caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae have damaged economic loss to apple and pear growers until now since it was firstly reported in 1995 in Korea. This study was performed to reduce economic loss by mandatory eradication of all infected trees in case of more 10% disease incidence per orchard as official control. It also aims to set up effective management protocol for this disease by examining how far bacterial pathogen is present from the border of symptomatic and asymptomatic regions in infected apple twigs. Colony-PCR using isolated bacterial cells instead of genomic DNA was used to identify bacterial pathogen, EpSPF/EpSPR primer designed in enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) region was selected as specific for E. pyrifoliae. As results of monitoring of this disease during April to October in 2014-2015 by colony-PCR, occurrence of this disease was frequent from mid-May to early-July, when daily average temperature was around $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover, bacterial cells were continuously detected only in symptomatic regions and also asymptomatic regions of less than 20 cm from symptomatic regions. Therefore, we concluded that pruning of infected twigs at the region of more than 20 cm from symptomatic regions might be effective to manage black shoot blight disease in apple trees.

The Research about Efficient Control of the Territorial Base Point (영해기준점의 효율적 유지관리 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Yun-Soo;Kim, Jae-Myeong;Yun, Chang-Beom
    • Spatial Information Research
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.39-48
    • /
    • 2010
  • Recently, many countries are promoting the rapid development of marine for securing territorial sea. The importance of territorial sea has being emphasized as territorial disputes among countries has been increasing. The South Korea should be encouraged to expand the territory due to territorial disputes with neighborhood countries. The purpose of this study is to derive a improvement plan for the efficient control of the territorial base point through analyzing the existing territorial base point and checking the territorial base point. Therefore, we proposed a variety of new plans for accurate positioning by sea level observation and MBES, reduced the surveying procedure through analyzing the existing territorial base points and provided a basis for the territorial base points which can be the 2nd grade national control points by improving a grade. We also suggested that the territorial base points and sub-territorial base points' database should be given standardized number for increasing the efficient management of other national control points and territorial base points. Finally, we suggested a improved work regulation about analysis and maintenance for territorial base points, the information activity of territorial base points and the new plan of community relations. This study will be a basis for the foundation of maritime territory which could be superior to other countries and the expansion of maritime territory.

Detail Enhancement by Spatial Gamut Mapping Based on Local Contrast Compensation (지역적 대비를 보상하는 색역 사상을 통한 상세정보 향상)

  • Song, In-Yong;Ha, Ho-Gun;Ha, Yeong-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
    • /
    • v.49 no.4
    • /
    • pp.58-66
    • /
    • 2012
  • Currently many devices reproduce electronic images in the various ways. However, the color that is reproduced in any device is different from the original color due to the differences in the gamut between devices. A recent trend in gamut mapping algorithms is the use of spatial information to compute the color transformation of pixels from the input to the output gamut. However, these techniques share the problem of preserving details, and avoiding halos, and hue shift. In this paper, spatial gamut mapping for preserving the details of the input image is proposed. Our approach improves visibility of detail that is not effectively represented with conventional spatial gamut mapping. In proposed method, initially, we gamut map the input image using gamut clipping and obtain a detail layer for both the input and the gamut mapped images. Next, we calculate the difference between the two detail layers, obtaining the details of the out of gamut region. Finally, we add the details of out of gamut region to the gamut mapped image. Since the resulting image has out of gamut colors, we obtain resulting image of proposed method by using a gamut clipping method. Consequently, the printed output image was more consistent with the corresponding monitor image.

Trail Damage and Vegetational Change of Trail Side in Bukhan Mountain National Park (북한산 국립공원의 등산로 훼손 및 주변 식생변화)

  • 오구균;권태호;전용준
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-45
    • /
    • 1987
  • To survey trail damage and vegetational change around trail at Bukhan Mountain National Park in Korea, field survey was executed over Bukhan mountain district during August, 1987. Trail damage was surveyed for he section of 7.18km from Ui valley to Jeongnung valley in which user's density was high. Ground vegetation was surveyed with a belt-transect method from trail edge to forest and edge species were surveyed with a belt method along trail edge. Interrelation between trail damage and user's density was not dear. Damage class II of trail showed 23.9% of the surveyed section and class III showed 8.0% and class II and III of natural trail showed 19.7% and those of facilitated trail showed 12.3%. The length of damage class II and III requiring readjustment were estimated as 3.65 km and 1.22km from the main trail course of 15.3km at Bukhan mountain district. In case of no intervention to forest by users, vegetational change around trails was appeared up to 6-8 m from trailside. But in case of intervention to forest by users, vegetational change was not coincident with the change of soil hardness and was diverse locally. Quercus mongolica, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Rbo-dodendron mucronulatum were appeared as Raunkiaer frequency class E, and Weigela subsessilis. Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Sorbus alnifolid were appeared as class D at trail edge of ridge-Quercus mongolica was appeared as class E and Rhododenderon mucrounulatium. Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of midslope. Rhododenron mucronulatum. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stepanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley beside motorway.

  • PDF

Crustal velocities around the Korean Peninsula estimated with GPS (GPS로 잰 한반도 주변의 지각운동 속도)

  • Park, Pil-Ho;Ahn, Yong-Won;Park, Jong-Uk;Joh, Jeong-Ho;Lim, Hyung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
    • /
    • v.3 no.3
    • /
    • pp.153-160
    • /
    • 2000
  • Crustal velocities around the Korea peninsula are estimated and investigated from eight IGS permanent stations in eastern Asia area. GPS data for the period of May 1995 to December 1991 were analyzed to estimate daily coordinates of each site relative to TAEJ site. The velocity vector of each site is estimated from linear regression analysis with time series of coordinates. As the result, horizontal velocity components for four stations(Tsukuba, Usuda,Taiwan and Shanghai) using thirty-two months data were estimated with the standard error less than 1 mm/year. Our GPS velocity of six sites on the interiors of the Eurasia plate are similar within 1 cm/year with small differences respectively. On the other hand, the velocities of Tsukuba and Usuda showed the great differences from the other six sites. This can be explained by the fact that these two sites are enforced by the surrounding four plates, such as the Pacific, Eurasia, North America and Philipine plate. This study showed that the distance between Korea and Japan is shortened with the rate of 3 cm per year.

  • PDF

Experimental Study of Estimating the Optimized Parameters in OI (서남해안 관측자료를 활용한 OI 자료동화의 최적 매개변수 산정 연구)

  • Gu, Bon-Ho;Woo, Seung-Buhm;Kim, Sangil
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
    • /
    • v.31 no.6
    • /
    • pp.458-467
    • /
    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is the suggestion of optimized parameters in OI (Optimal Interpolation) by experimental study. The observation of applying optimal interpolation is ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) data at the southwestern sea of Korea. FVCOM (Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model) is used for the barotropic model. OI is to the estimation of the gain matrix by a minimum value between the background error covariance and the observation error covariance using the least square method. The scaling factor and correlation radius are very important parameters for OI. It is used to calculate the weight between observation data and model data in the model domain. The optimized parameters from the experiments were found by the Taylor diagram. Constantly each observation point requires optimizing each parameter for the best assimilation. Also, a high accuracy of numerical model means background error covariance is low and then it can decrease all of the parameters in OI. In conclusion, it is expected to have prepared the foundation for research for the selection of ocean observation points and the construction of ocean prediction systems in the future.

Occurrence and Reserve Evaluation of the Poongwon Quartzite Deposit in Geochang, Kyongsangnam Province (경남 거창 풍원 규석광상의 산상과 매장량 평가)

  • Yang Kyounghee;Yun Sung-Hyo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.39 no.1 s.176
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2006
  • This paper attempts to locate and define a quartzite deposit in Geochang, Kyongsangnam Province in order to establish its commercial viability. The quartzite deposit (Poongwon Mine) occurs as lens or boudinage at the contact between mica schist of the Deogyusan formation and granite gneiss. During Precambrian, regional metamorphism and granitization may have caused the formation ot quartzite layers through recrystallization and rearrangement of silica components derived from older sedimentary rocks, probably chert and/or sandstone. The deposit is composed of fine-grained milky, or light yellowish quartz showing weak laminations with fairly dense and rough appearance in outcrop. It reaches about $60\;m(height)\times140\;m(length)\times35m(width)$ with attitude of $N57^{\circ}E-N8^{\circ}4E\;and\;51^{\circ}-60^{\circ}NW$. The average grade of the quartzite samples is $SiO_2=94.4\;wt\%,\;A1_2O_3=3.3\;wt\%,\; Fe_2O_3=0.8\;wt\%,\;K_2O=0.7\;wt\%$, which can be used for foundry, constructional materials, or concrete making. The proved reserve was estimated as 200,811 tonnage.

소비효율성 개념을 이용한 혁신의 이해

  • 박찬수;이정동;오동현
    • Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
    • /
    • 2003.06a
    • /
    • pp.41-56
    • /
    • 2003
  • 다양한 제품들이 존재하는 시장에는 타 제품에 비하여 품질대비 가격이 낮은 혁신적인 경쟁력있는 제품과 그렇지 못한 제품들이 혼재하고 있다. 그러나 정보의 부족(limited information), 제한적 합리성(bounded rationality) 등 여러 가지 원인으로 인하여 혁신적인 제품들만이 소비자들에게 선택되어 소비되는 것은 아니다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상을 설명하기 위하여 소비효율성(consumption efficiency)라는 개념을 도입, 제시하고자 한다. 만약 소비효율성이 극도로 낮다면 혁신적인 제품을 내어놓는다 하더라도 소비자들에게 선택되어 이윤이 발생될 확률이 낮기 때문에 생산자 입장에서는 혁신의 유인(innovation incentive)이 낮아질 수밖에 없게 된다. 이처럼 소비효율성의 문제는 혁신의 유인과 결과를 이해하는데 중요한 단초를 제공할 수 있게 된다. 이에 반하여 혁신을 이해하기 위한 기존의 분석틀은 생산경제이론(production economics)에 기반하고 있고, 효율성의 개념도 생산효율성(production efficiency) 혹은 기술적 효율성(technical efficiency)의 범주에서 다루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 소비효율성의 개념은 효용이론에 근거하고 있다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별화된다. 본 연구는 효용함수 극대화이론에서 출발하여 경계헤도닉함수(frontier hedomic function)을 도출하는 이론적 유도과정을 제시한다. 실증분석을 위해서는 SFA(Stochastic Frontier Analysis)의 방법론 체계를 적용하였다. 제시된 분석틀은 국내 PC산업의 데이터에 적용되었다. 분석의 결과 몇 가지 가정하에 국내 PC산업이 약 13%정도의 비효율성을 안고 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있으며, 초기혁신구매자(early adopter)들은 일정 정도의 비효율성을 기꺼이 감수할 것으로 분석되었다. 궤적 분석에서는 각 산업별 기술의 특성을 분석하는 것으로, 특정 기술 지식의 활용 기간을 통해 기술 주기를 도출하고, 산업 내 평균 권리 청구 항목 수를 이용하여 각 산업의 기술 범위를 비교하였다. 각각의 동적 분석을 통해 시간에 따른 변화 양상이 관찰하였고, ANOVA 분석을 이용하여 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 현재의 기술 패러다임 내에서 Pavitt이 제시한 산업 분류의 근거를 보충 설명하였고 특허 정보를 이용하여 기술혁신의 산업별 유형에 대한 폭넓은 분석방법을 제시하였다.별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal to 9% increase in index, as compared to that of control. In case of R-20458, the increasing

  • PDF