• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2013

This study examined the impact of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and related countries background why they have to decide to join this trend after FTA. In addtion, this paper has the purpose to call attention for Korea's benefit of TPP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.27-52
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• 2003

지금 우리 농업과 농촌은 대내외적으로 시련기를 맞고 있다. 농가소득의 상대적인 하락(도시근로자의 4분의 3 수준), 농촌 지역의 보건ㆍ의료 기반과 문화시설의 취약, 교육 여건의 미흡 등으로 농업을 포기하고 이농을 하는 젊은 농업 인이 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 가운데 도하개발의제(DDA) 농산물협상, 자유무역협정(FTA) 체결 등 농산물 시장개방은 피할 수 없는 압력이 되고 있다. 더욱이, 농가의 농업소폭의 전반, 농가소득의 1/4를 차지하는 쌀 농업은 과잉재고, 소비 감소, 개방 압력 등으로 큰 시련을 겪고 있다. 정부 수매, 쌀값지지 등 정부의 보호정책은 후퇴 내지는 폐지될 수밖에 없는 환경에 놓여 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2000

시장의 글로벌화(globalization)는 오늘날 기업들이 직면한 가장 큰 도전이다$^1$). 국가경계의 급속한 붕괴, 지역간 통합(유럽 연합 ［EU］, 북미 자유 무역 협정, 동남 아시아 연합 등), 제조 기술의 표준화, 글로벌 투자와 글로벌 제품전략, 세계 여행의 확대, 교육과 지적 수준의 급속한 증가, 개발도상 국가들의 도시화, 국가간의 정보(월드 와이드 웹), 노동, 자본 및 테크놀로지의 자유로운 유통, 소비자 욕구와 구매력의 증가, 텔레커뮤니케이션 테크놀러지의 진보, 그리고 글로벌 미디어의 출현등은 각 국의 개별시장을 하나의 글로벌 시장으로 통합시키는 경향을 가속화시키고 있다.(중략)

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2013

This study aims at conducting a quantitative assessment of potential economic effects of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) consisting of 10 Member States of the ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and New Zealand using a multi-region, multi-sector CGE model. Three different policy scenarios are carried out based on baseline scenarios: China-Japan-Korea FTA (Scenario 1); ASEAN+3 FTA (Scenario 2); and the RCEP (Scenario 3). The impacts of three scenarios are described in terms of real GDP, Equivalent Variation as a measure of welfare, export and import volumes, trade balance, and terms of trade. This study finds that the RCEP is to lead to an increase in real GDP of all members of the RCEP, with Korea as a winner with a highest additional economic growth of 2.43 percent, which implies that Korea is in a better position to play a leading role in promoting the RCEP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.430-454
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• 2007

국가 간의 자유무역협정을 통한 세계 경제는 통합화를 추구하고, 이러한 결과로 국가 또는 기업 간의 경쟁이 점점 가속화되고 있다. 시대적 Paradigm은 세계 경제의 통합과 경쟁 방식의 변화이며, 이러한 가운데 소비자들은 건강과 Wellbeing에 대한 관심이 혁신적으로 증대되고 있다. 특히 U-Health의 필요성 증대, 지속적인 U-Health 시장 수요의 증가의 전망되고 있으며 고령화 사회로 접어들면서 건강관리 비용이 GDP의 7% 상회할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 따라서 국가는 국가 경쟁력을 위해, 지역은 지역 경쟁력을 위해 U-Health 산업의 육성을 간과할 수 없다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 충북 지역의 독자적 생존노력 강화 차원에서 차별적인 U-Health 서비스의 우수 브랜드 개발을 통하여 지역 경제활성화 방안을 연구하고자 한다. 먼저 충북 지역은 U-Health 분야의 Power Brand 제정을 통한 충북 지역의 U-Health분야의 독자적 경쟁력을 구축할 수 있다. 그렇게 하기 위해서는 U-Health 제품에 대한 효율적 마케팅전략 전개 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 SWOT 분석을 통한 경쟁력 확보 전략, STP 분석을 통한 지역 산업화 전략, Marketing Mix 전략을 통한 산업의 활성화 전략을 연구하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.195-211
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• 2006

During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.391-416
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to provide an ideal agreement proposal for the satisfactory settlement of FTA origin criteria negotiations, which will be the most severe issue in both inter-governmental FTA negotiations to begin in the near future. Towards this end, we, the authors, based on our nine FTA related agreements already concluded with other countries, researched the concrete origin criteria in the previous origin agreements, analyzed the characteristics of these agreements, and derived the ideal origin rule. As a result, we came to the conclusion that in consideration of Korea and China's FTA's substantial transformation test, it's better to choose any one criterion from the following. Criterion 1: CTH (Change of Heading) and Criterion 2: Value Added Criteria by 40% within region. In addition, we also did that in calculating the ratio of value added, the calculation method and price criteria should be more simple and standardized. It led to the conclusion that the objective deduction method should be used mainly and that CIF or FOB should be used as the price criterion.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.183-215
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study of WTO regulations related FTA such as Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) 1994 and General Agreement on Trade in Service(GATS). In this study, the First introduced FTA rules of WTO in the chapter 2. The WTO agreement includes the "General Agreement on Tariffs an Trade(GATT) 1994". This instrument, known as "GATT 1994", is based on upon the original General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade referred to as "GATT 1947". The Second analyzed the relations between FTA and Article XXIV of GATT 1994 in the chapter 3. The Article XXIV of GATT 1994 is an agreement between the distinctive members for liberalizing trade. The Article XXIV of GATT 1994 is consist of three parts such as customs unions, free-trade area, and interim agreements that WTO is referred to as "Regional Trade Agreement(RTA)". There is a difference between the customs unions and the free-trade area. In the customs unions rules, the members should have the same tarifficatio and the same trade provision against non-members, but in the free-trade are a rules, the member is not necessary to have the same tarifficatio and the same trade provision against non-members. But, the both rules have a liberalization of trade in a common as a revoking tariffs and the government regulations for interfering with trade. In this case, however, the both rules include an inconsistency ele ment under WTO rules such as Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment(MFN) and National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation(NTITR). This study reviewed neither inconsistency nor consistency on the both rules with the RTA of WTO under Article XXIV of GATT 1994. The Third analyzed the relations between FTA and Article V of GATS under WTO in the chapter 4. The GATS is a rule of WTO for the growing importance of trade in services for the growth and development of the world conomy. The GATS is a new rule rather than GATT's rule for concerning goods trade. The Article V of GATS under WTO is a rule that makes based on upon the Article XXIV of GATT. Therefore, If it is to be examined the Article V of GATS, it should be referred to a and an interpretation of the text of the Article XXIV of GATT. However, the Article V of GATS is on the undeveloped stage compare to the Article XXIV of GATT. Because, the statistics of WTO showed that the RTAs under the Article XXIV of GATT have 150 cases completed between nations, but the RTAs under the Article IV of GATS have 10 cases completed between nations. The Forth examined the interpretation of FTA rules under WTO in the chapter 5. Concerning the consistency issue of customs unions and free-trade area under the Article XXIV of GATT, the working parties in customs unions and in free-trade area have been reviewed the consistency is sue which had been not if to GATT. However, the parties finished to get up with one accord the both that are a consistency of argument and an inconsistency of argument with the interpretation of the Article XXIV of GATT. The interpretation of the Article XXIV of GATT has been raised as the issues when EEC by Rome Treaty established in 1957. However, the consistency is sue only agreed 6 working parties out of 69 working parties finished the reviewing of the interpretation up to the end of 1994. Also the consistency issue concerned with the special privilege measure of the customs unions and tree-trade area under the Article XXIV of GATT discussed only 3 cases between working parties up to now and did not accepted as an issue for working parties' report. In conclusion in the chapter 6, this study raised the issues of WTO that are a conference of a new round under WTO and the issues of clarity between FTA rule and WTO regulation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2014

The paper uses a panel gravity model to analyse the determinants of export via Gwangyang port for the period from 2000-2012. The gravity model includes export via Gwangyang port, GDP and population of trading partners, the distances between Korea and its partners, and Korea-ASEAN FTA dummy. Hausman test shows up which one is exactly appropriate between random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation to use panel dataset. It depends on whether or not existence or nonexistence of the correlation between unobserved omitted factors and variables. Fixed effect estimation is suitable for this paper by the rejection of null hypothesis. An Empirical analysis of this paper shows GDP influences positive effects and distance influences negative effects to Gwangyang port trading partners. In addition, the results strongly supported the effects of Korea-ASEAN FTA on the growth of Gwangyang port export.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-129
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• 2010

This study does the logistic regression analysis in a survey how Korean Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs) recognize the effects of the Korea-India Comprehensive Economic Partnership (CEPA) on their business activities and strategies. The results show that Korean SMEs which have relatively more employees and bigger size in terms of sales have interest in the Korea-India CEPA. In particular, the SMEs which are engaged in their business activities with India have more interest in the CEPA than those that have not any business relations with India. However, the results show that they will not enter or expand their business fields in India even though the CEPA starts. It implies that Korean SMEs recognize that the CEPA will not affect their business significantly. Thus, this study has a policy implication for government to adopt/establish policies for SMEs utilizing the CEPA. It includes information services about the CEPA, India markets, a political corporation between the Governments for improving the partnerships in the trade and FDI and so on.