• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 1996

In Chapter 40, "Information for decision-making", of Agenda 21, it was Slated that, "indicators of sustainable development need to be developed to provide solid bases for decision-making at all levels and to contribute to a self-regulating sustainability of integrated environment and development systems." Sustainable development has been defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs", An indicator that measures sustainability should therefore focus on this definition. One of the most widely used frameworks for environmental indicators is the Pressure-State-Response model proposed by the OECD. And we introduced the the Driving force-State-Response framework, the adaptation of Pressure-State-Response model, for UN sustainable development indicators. Therefore, in our country, indicators for sustainable development should be developed by using the DSR framework.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.17-22
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• 2022

To reduce the bump of bridge/earthwork transition area caused by the settlement of the soft ground during public use, the road agencies have been continuously overlay or repavement at those areas. In this study, the vehicle-mounted ground penetrating radar with 1GHz air-coupled antenna was used to estimate the settlement amount of those areas for nine bridges built in the soft ground. Results shows that it is possible to effectively measure the thickness of pavement up to a depth of 1 m on an asphalt road with ground penetrating radar technology that can inspect under the road surface. Distinctively deformation of the road surface, the variation in the thickness of the pavement measured at bridge/earth transition areas is equivalent to a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 600 mm, and there is a risk of cavity in the ground. The difference in the increased pavement thickness is 50~250 mm for each bridge connection, which may cause the differential settlement. In this study, by using the result of the ground penetration radar, a plan for improving drivability and maintenance of the settlement is suggested and applied to the field.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.525-532
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• 2011

In this study, the usefulness of underground dam as a means for the sustainable development of groundwater, and its performance in the management of groundwater resources were analyzed. The fully integrated SWAT-MODFLOW was applied to the Ssangcheon watershed in Korea to evaluate the effectiveness of groundwater dam construction. After construction, the groundwater level raised in the upstream area of groundwater dam while lowered in the downstream area. Also, it is shown that the exchange rate of river-aquifer interactions increased in the upper area of the dam. Since the storage capacity of the aquifer largely increased in the upper area of the dam, the exploitable groundwater could be greatly increased as much. This study demonstrated that a groundwater dam was a very useful measure to increase the available storativity of groundwater aquifers. It also represented that the combined analysis using SWAT-MODFLOW was helpful for the design and opeation of groundwater dam in the Ssangcheon watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.643-643
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• 2015

최근 북한의 수자원에 대한 관심과 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 또한, 수자원 취약성과 지속가능한 개발과 관련된 지수에 대한 연구도 꾸준히 이루어지고 있으며, 이 지수를 이용하여 현재 또는 미래의 수자원 취약성을 판단하고 대비하고 있다. 본 연구는 기상청, 통계청, 환경부에서 제공하는 자료 중에서 북한의 지역별 자료의 확보 가능한 자료를 대상으로 기후변화에 대한 기후노출, 민감도, 적응능력을 나타내는 지표들을 선정하여 남한과 북한의 26개 광역자치단체에 대하여 수자원 취약성 순위를 도출하였다. 기후변화를 고려한 지표들은 각각 홍수피해와 물부족을 반영하는 지표인 일최대강수량, 일강수량이 80mm 이상인 날의 수, 연최대 연속강우일수, 3일주기 최대 강수량, 6-9월 강수량, 12-2월 증발산량, 3-5월 증발산량, 12-2월 강수량, 3-5월 강수량, 연속적인 무강우일 수의 최대값, 총인구, 인구밀도를 선택하였으며, 변수들의 가중치 결정은 객관적 가중치 산정 방법인 Shannon의 entropy 기법과 주관적 가중치인 환경부(2012)에서 전문가를 대상으로 유도한 가중치를 적용하여 치수와 이수분야에 대한 취약성을 각각 평가하였다. 수자원 취약성의 정량적 평가를 위하여 TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 적용하여 남 북한 지역별 수자원 취약성을 지수화하고 취약성 순위를 도출하였다. 산정된 수자원 취약성 지수가 낮을수록 취약함의 정도가 심각한 것으로 정의할 수 있으며, 연구결과 남 북한을 통틀어서 서울이 가장 취약한 지역으로 나타났으며, 치수 분야에서는 북한의 양강도가 취약성이 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 이수분야에서는 북한의 양강도와 남한의 제주도가 취약성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 남 북한의 지역별 취약성 순위를 통해 우리나라와 북한 수자원의 현황을 제시하며, 미래의 국가 수자원 계획 수립 및 대책을 제시할 수 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2006

서로 갈등적인 관계에 있는 다중 기준 하에서 다양한 국가 전력 시스템을 정량적으로 비교하는 데에는 전력 시스템의 비교 지표가 필요하다. 이러한 비교 지표를 산출하기 위하여 해석적 망형 과정(Analytic Network Process; ANP) 모델 가운데 상호 의존도 수중이 낮은 되먹임 모델 및 상호 의존도가 없는 독립성 모델이 개발되었다. 이러한 ANP 모델은 구성요소로 교점들(nodes)과 상호작용 관계를 표현하는 가지들(arcs)을 포함하고 있다. 의사결정 목표 교점에는 세 가지 유형의 리스크 성향이 포함되었다. 이러한 리스크 성향은 원자력 발전소 같은 위험 설비에 대한 전문가(그룹)의 리스크 성향이며, 더 구체적으로 말하면, 리스크 감수 성향, 리스크 혐오 성향, 리스크 중립 성향 등이다. 여기서 수행된 연구의 주요 목적은 ANP 모델을 구성하는 교점들 가운데 하나인 평가 기준 교점에서의 변화가 전력 시스템의 비교 지표에 미치는 영향을 해석하려는 것이다. 이러한 모델 변이가 비교 지표에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 사례 연구에서 각 발전원의 특성을 비교할 평가 기준은 기준 사례와 비교 사례 각각에 대하여 상이하게 선정되었다: 기준 사례의 경우에는 보건성을 대표하는 생명 단축 [yr/TWh], 환경성을 대표하는 지구 온난화 [$g\;CO_{2}-eq./kWh$], 사회성을 대표하는 지속가능 정도[-], 경제성을 대표하는 발전 단가 [\/kWh] 등이 선정되었다; 반면에, 비교 사례의 경우에서는 보건성을 대표하는 사고 사망 [death/GWh]만이 다르고 나머지는 동일하게 선정되었다. 이러한 보건성을 대표하는 생명 단축 또는 사고 사망의 선정은 다음과 같은 비교 지표에 영향을 미친다는 것이 발견되었다: (1) 되먹임 모델에서는 성향 가중치 및 기준 등급에 영향을 준다. (2) 되먹임 모델과 독립성 모델에서는 시스템 등급에 영향을 준다. 향후에는 더욱 더 다양한 상호의존 모델들이 정량화될 필요성이 있다고 본다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2012

Bicycle is an environment-friendly transport mode contributing to a more sustainable transportation systems. To innovatively increase the use of bicycle as a significant transport mode, bicycle-friendly roadway environment should be provided. This study proposes a method to evaluate cycling environment based on the analysis of data collected from an specially equipped probe bicycle. The inertial measurement unit(IMU) consisting of a gyro sensor, accelerometer, and a global positioning systems(GPS) receiver was installed on the probe bicycle. Cycling stability index(CSI) and bicycle speed data were used as inputs of the proposed evaluation framework adopting the Fault Tree Analysis, which is a well-known technique for the risk analysis. The outcomes of this study will serve as an intelligent assesment tool for cycling environment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.687-700
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• 2022

For comprehensively assessment the water resources performance of multi-purpose dams and water supply dams in South Korea, a methodology was proposed to utilize the durational reliability along with the integrated auxiliary indicators including resiliency, dimensionless vulnerability, water resource efficiency, specific inflow, and specific water supply. In addition, for the purpose of sustainable dam operation in the future, a plan to grade the water resources performance was presented to periodically evaluate the performance and determine the priority of each dam's structural or non-structural planning according to the evaluation results. As major results, in the case of Sumjingang Dam, the durational reliability was 99.0%, but the integrated auxiliary index was the lowest of 44 points, which was 5th grade. This means that despite the current high reliability, hydrological changes due to future climate change or regional change of water demand-supply balance can have significant impacts on the water resources performances. In contrast, the Chungju Dam with a durational reliability of 93.0%, which is below the average among all multi-purpose dams, shows the 76 points of the integrated auxiliary index, which is 3^rd highest following the Soyanggang Dam and the Namgang Dam. Nevertheless, due to the size of the basin, the specific inflow is sufficiently high as 185%, so the actual performance could be evaluated relatively high. The water supply dams designed for a single purpose tend to be evaluated relatively high because they have a high proportion of industrial and municipal water supply and have enough room for the supply capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.835-842
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• 2022

Several countries are establishing management systems for aquaculture environment, and fishery environment assessment is one of them. The fishery management law amended in 2013 stipulates that a fishery environment assessment should be performed when a fish cage farm's license is extended. The purpose of the fishery environment assessment is to promote sustainable fishery, increase the fishery production capacity, and increase the fishermen incoming by implementing evaluation and improvement measures through scientific methods. The analysis items of fishery environment assessment include the Benthic Health Index (BHI), which is a biological index based on the macrobenthic polychaetes community, and total organic carbon (TOC), and the two items are scored and used for evaluation as a single grade. This study explains the selection process of BHI and TOC, which are evaluation items for fishing ground, and ecological significance of the calculated evaluation grades.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1191-1226
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation criteria for the maintenance preserve of agriculture and rural heritage. The major steps for this study are 1) drafting the evaluation criteria for maintenance preservation of agriculture and rural heritage 2) verifying the evaluation criteria, and 3) determining the weighting values of the confirmed evaluation criteria. First, to derive the evaluation criteria for maintenance preservation of agriculture and rural heritage, the researcher reviewed the literature on the evaluation of agriculture and rural heritage, including research on the indexes of agriculture and rural heritage, the degree of the maintain preservation of heritage. A total of 31 evaluation criteria were selected. Second, to verify the selected 5 evaluation items and 31 evaluation indexes, the Delphi Method was implemented. Using traditional 3-step Delphi Method consisting of close-ended forms, with a panel of 41 experts, the researchers verified 5 evaluation items 31 evaluation indexes, two for each evaluation area validity. The confirmed evaluation areas are 5 items of management plan, management support system, surroundings of heritage, local network, heritage utilization and 31 criteria were preservation maintenance, performance plan, resident community composition, monitoring, act of parliament fulfillment, ecosystem management, landscape harmony, restoration and transmission plan and enhancement of residents' capability, etc. in the order. Through maintenance preservation evaluation index of agriculture and rural heritage, it can be utilized as sustainable development of plural resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.402-411
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• 2014

This study suggests the method of green infrastructure (GI) application which helps proper distribution of structural GI and non-structural GI by using land characteristics assessment and performs the case study. Land assessment standard consists of land cover type, fragmentation degree, proximity degree to residential districts, and cluster degree of fragmented areas which represents the quality of green network. The result of assessment proposes the land suitability to preserve or develop and it can be utilized to choose the type of the green infrastructures.