• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3213-3219
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• 2014

Currently, increase of greenhouse gas has had a signigicant impact on climate change in urbanization. As a result, the government has been looking for ways to take advantage of the trees that generate oxygen and reduce carbon dioxide for the prevention of climate change. It is essential to extract individual tree for calculating the amount of carbon dioxide reduction of trees. Aerial LIDAR data have three-dimensional information of building as well as trees as form of point clouds. In this study, automated model was developed to extract individual tree using aerial LIDAR data. For this purpose, we established a methodology for extracting trees and then proceeded the process of developing it as an automated model based on model builder of ArcGIS Software. In order to evaluate the applicability of the developed model, the model was compared with commercial software in study area located in Yongin City. Through the experimental result, the proposed model was extract trees 9.91% higher than commercial software. From this results, it was found that the model effectively extracted trees.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to confirm the difference in physiological responses to environmental stresses such as chilling, high temperature, NaCl, and chemical stress (paraquat) in Protox inhibitor resistant-transgenic rice (MX, PX, and AP37) and its non-transgenic counterpart (WT). Transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants were exposed to a chilling temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ for 1 day or a high temperature of $45^{\circ}C$ for 4 days and allowed to recover at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days after the chilling treatment or 8 days after the high temperature treatment. Leaf injury, shoot fresh weight, porphyrin biosynthesis substances, and chlorophyll content were investigated in transgenic and non-transgenic rice at 6 days after 0.5% and 1% NaCl treatments or at 5 days after 0~300 ${\mu}M$ paraquat treatments. No significant difference in leaf injury and shoot fresh weight were observed between transgenic and non-transgenic rice during chilling and recovery. Plant height and shoot fresh weight were also similar between transgenic and non-transgenic rice during the high temperature and recovery period (0~5 days). However, plant height and shoot fresh weight in transgenic rice line MX and PX were lower than in non-transgenic rice at 6 days for recovery. Leaf injury, chlorophyll, and Mg-Proto IX ME contents had no significant difference between transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice after NaCl treatment, but Proto IX content for AP37 and shoot fresh weight for PX and AP37 in 0.5% NaCl treatment were significantly reduced compared with non-transgenic rice. There was no difference in leaf injury and shoot fresh weight when comparing transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice after paraquat treatment. Although transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice showed a little difference at a particular measurement period in certain environmental stresses, there was generally no difference in physiological responses between transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum planting density in low fertilizing cultivation of machine transplanting in rice field of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS for $2004{\sim}2005$. Sobibyeo which belongs to medium maturing variety and Nampyeongbyeo which belongs to medium-late maturing variety were transplanted on May 30. In this experiment, there was no significant difference in heading date between planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate, and heading dates were August 8 in Sobibyeo, and August 14 in Nampyeongbyeo respectively. In relation to lodging character, lodging Index was high where the nitrogen fertilization rate and planting density were high. As planting density increases, panicle number per $m^{2}$ increased irrespective of nitrogen fertilization rate. When nitrogen was 6 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 90 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 80 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. When nitrogen was 9 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 100 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 110 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. Head rice rate of brown rice was higher when planting density increased, and was higher at 6 kg/10a nitrogen rate than 9 kg/10a nitrogen rate in all varieties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2014

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of the channel brand components, identities in accordance with the organizational strategies of the programmes, and brand structures of the comprehensive programming channels. The channels promote themselves mobilizing a variety of channel brand components and, ecxept Channel A, JTBC, TV Chosun, and MBN coined its names which are reminiscent of their parents corporations. The organizational strategies of the programmes are related with the channel identities. TV Chosun, for instance, branded themselves as 'conservative advocate' while focusing on news programs, and Channel A also takes conservative bias strategy focusing on the news programmes, especially after the 2012 presidential election. JTBC, however, organizes drama and entertainment programmes intensively being equivalent to that of terrestrial broadcasting programmes, and MBN positioned neutral and center with the news and cultural programmes. Referring to the brand architecture, which reveals the structural system of the brand, it is argued that TV Chosun and MBN take the integrated corporate brand strategy, while JTBC tries to mix and balance the brands of the parent corporation and its own independent one. Channel A, exceptionally, doesn't take a name of its parent corporation 'Dong-A'. In conclusion, it is argued that the comprehensive programming channels utilize and take the parent corporate brand, mixed brand, and independent brand in accordance with the brand power and circumstances of their own parent corporates.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

If a moving target has a linear characteristics, the Kalman filter can estimate relatively accurate the location of a target, but this performance depends on how the dynamic status characteristics of the target is accurately modeled. In many practical problems of tracking a maneuvering target, a simple kinematic model can fairly accurately describe the target dynamics for a wide class of maneuvers. However, since the target can exhibit a wide range of dynamic characteristics, no fixed SKF(Simple Kalman filter) can be matched to estimate, to the required accuracy, the states of the target for every specific maneuver. In this paper, a new AKF(Active Kalman filter) is proposed to solve this problem The process noise covariance level of the Kalman filter is adjusted at each time step according to the study result which uses the neural network algorithm. It is demonstrated by means of a computer simulation that the tracking capability of the proposed AKF(Active Kalman filter) is better than that of the SKF(Simple Kalman Filter).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2014

This study contemplates the utopian landscape recognized by the scholars with twenty three pieces of 'travel record'. Consequently, five key words - Mureungdowon(武陵桃源), Byeolcheonji(別天地), Dongcheon(洞天), Chonghakdong, Eungeoji(hermitage) - are chosen for comprehending the utopia and their landscape characteristics are organised as follows. Mureungdowon in Jirisan Mountain which the scholars dreamed of is a flatland with the full energy for local vegetation and domestic animals in the mysterious and deep gorge. This utopia eventually reflects the rural landscape. Byeolcheonji is a utopia combining the concept of a fairyland and beautiful scenery. The scholars also used the term 'Dongcheon' for naming the enclosed landform which is suitable for seclusion and defining the some areas of beautiful scenery. Cheonghakdong, which is set only in Jirisan Mountain, has been formed by the stone scenery of gorges and Buril waterfalls around the whole area of Burilam Hermitage, the vegetation scenery of pine trees and bamboos with the legend of Choi Chiwon and his engraved inscription on a rock. Adding to the utopia passed down, the scholars perceived the village with geographical features with back to the mountain and facing the water, the river practising the trade, the flatland enclosed by bamboo forests, the vegetation mainly consisting of fruit trees and beautiful scenery as the utopia realized on earth. It is equivalent to the world of human beings laboring appropriately and living in Mother Nature. As mentioned above, this study has significance for apprehending the relevance between the culture of strolling in the mountains by the scholars of Joseon Dynasty and the fairyland and explaining the various traditional utopias from the inherited concepts from China to the naturalized realistic utopia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1990.07a
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• pp.49-52
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• 1990

강우강도가 큰 집중호우가 지표면에 도달하게 되면 강우량중 상당 부분이 수문학적 손실성분인 침수, 증발산, 차단 및 저류등으로 시간에 따라 분포된다. 이 가운데 지표면에 분포된 식생계 및 낙엽등에 의한 차단(canopy interception effect)과, 지표가 포화시의 증발산(wetted environmental evapotranspiration) 및 각종 저류, 즉 지표면 저류(depression storage), 지표토양층에의 저류(retention storage) 성분 등을 들 수 있으며 이들 각 손실성분은 직접유출로 나타나는 초과우량의 발생시간을 지체시켜 주는 역할을 하나 차단성분 및 저류성분은 시간이 경과함에 따라 결국은 증발산 또는 침투성분으로 흡수된다. 따라서 침투성분은 초과우량 추정에 매우 큰 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 지표면 아래의 흙의 변형을 야기시키며, 중간유출 및 지하수유출에 기여 한다. 대부분의 호우사상은 강우초기에 강우강도가 지표 흙의 침수계수(hydraulic conductivity)보다 작기 때문에 모두 각 손실성분에 의해 손실되며, 강우강도가 점차 커져 침수능을 초과하면 지표면에 순간적으로 물이 고이게 되는데 이것을 지표심수(surface ponding)라하고, 강우시작부터 이 때까지가 침수시간(ponding time)이 된다. 이 지표침수가 나타나는 순간이 곧 직접유출 시작 시간으로 볼 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 침수시간은 지표면의 물수지면에서 볼 때 초기손실량 및 침수율 결정에 중요한 인자가 된다. 본 연구에서는 각 손실 성분별로 유역의 제반 특성을 고려하여 구한 매개변수로부터 시간에 대한 손실율을 결정하여 산지 하천유역에 발생하는 부정강우사상(unsteady rainfall)의 초과우량을 추정하는 모델을 유도하였다. 대상유역으로는 현재 건설부에서 수행하고 있는 국제수문개발계획(IHP) 대표시험유역 가운데 평창강 수계내의 장평유역으로서, 본 유역은 자기 우량계 및 자기 수위계가 운용되고 있고, 인접 대관령 측후소로부터 기상자료를 획득, 이용할 수 있는 비교적 분석에 양호한 조건을 지닌 유역이다. 모델의 유도 과정은 대상유역 식생계로 피복된 산지유역임으로, 식생차단 저류효과를 고려해서 지표면의 흙에 도달되는 순강우주상도를 얻고 이로부터 침수시간 및 침투율을 결정해서 초과우량을 산정하는 모델을 유도하였다. 강우 지속시간내 즉, 유역이 완전 포화시의 증발산율의 결정은 Morton 모델로부터, 침수시간 및 침투율 결정은 Green-Ampt 방정식을 부정강우사상에 적용할 수 있도록 수정된 모델을 사용하였으며, 분석에 이용된 호우는 1986 ~ 1987년도 발생된 호우사상 가운데 강우강도 및 총 강우량이 비교적 큰 7개 강우사상을 선정하였다. 각 호우사상별로 손실율울 지표면에서 물수지개념을 이용하여 계산하고 산술지상에 구성시킨 결과는 다음 그림과 같다. 이 그림에서 굵은 실선으로 나타낸 곡선(B. L. R)은 각 손실을 곡선을 시간축에 따라 산술평균한 대표손실율곡선이다. 이 대표손실율곡선은 역지수함수형으로서 곡선식의 유도는 회기분석을 이용하였다. 초과우량 주상도를 얻기 위하여 이 대표손실을 곡선을 관측 강우주상도에 적용시켜 본 결과 식생계에 의한 차단 저류율은 약 6mm/hr 정도인 것으로 나타났으며, 이로 인한 침수시간 지체효과는 1~3시간 정도로서 비교적 그 영향이 큼을 알았다. 또한 각 호우사상별 침수시간 계산 결과 그 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났는데 이는 초기 강우강도에 민감하기 때문인 것으로 판단되낟. 한편 유역 포화시의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) fertilization at panicle initiation stage on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice. During 1999~2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plants were taller, and leaf area index and top dry weight increased with more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. Photosynthetic rate of heading stage was higher at higher amounts of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage, especially in 6 kg/10a compared with 10 kg/10a seeding rate. Lodging index and its related traits did not significantly differ under different rates of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N uptake of the rice plant increased as more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N use efficiency was highest under the standard topdressing rate at 6 kg/10a seeding rate. Panicle number per m$^2$ increased with more topdressed N, but ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ with an increase in topdressed N. Milled rice yield was 6% higher in the 6 kg/10a seeding rate and 13% higher in the 10 kg/10a seeding rate at 50% more topdressed N compared with 4.8 kg/10a N fertilization at panicle initiation stage of 6 kg/10a seeding rate.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

Recently GPS and mobile GIS technologies based on LBS(location based service) have played an important role as DSS(decision supporting system) for domestic forest fire extinguishment policies. In this study forest fire extinguishments information management system based on mobile GIS technique was designed to seize the exact location on wireless network so that it helps to guide the safe and efficient extinguishments affairs and provide the extinguishments environment toward ground fighting teams and the central forest government in real time. Moreover, possibly to operate this system, the foundation technologies by the name of '.gci' such as the spatial data compression method, the spatial data transmission method over wireless network and the spatial analysis interface on PDA should be mainly considered. Especially, in this study the spatial data compression method having high compression rate from 51% to 62% for each polygon, line, and point data, without the loss of data was developed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.965-969
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• 2012

도시의 개발을 통한 발전방향은 지역별 기술력을 바탕으로 시대의 흐름과 문화, 경제, 도시정책 등에 따라 다양하다. 특히, 워터프론트는 도시와 가장 근접한 친수공간으로 단어자체에 도시'라는 개념이 포함되어 있다. 즉 도시가 큰 강이나 바다, 호수 등과 접하고 있는 공간을 말한다. 우리나라는 도시계획차원에서 도시 수변공간(urban waterfront)으로 설정하고, 레크레이션, 공원, 경관형성, 환경오염 저감, 정서함양, 생산 등의 다양한 기능을 갖고 있는 매우 공공성이 높은 도시지역의 주요 공간지역으로 의미를 부여하고 있다. 그러나 워터프론트를 개발계획을 수립하는 과정에서 교통계획, 홍수 등의 재해시설, 환경 등에 대한 평가가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있으며(한국일보, 2011), 개발 계획 추진은 주민 공감대 형성, 사업타당성 검토 없는 '밀어부치기식' 개발 지상주의로 전락하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 워터프론트 개발사업 계획을 추진하고 있는 지역으로 인천 송도지역과 부산의 수산시장으로 유명한 자갈치시장 일대의 개발계획, 마산 도시재생지구의 항만 재개발계획 사례를 분석하여 개발계획의 문제점과 언론상에 비춰지는 개발의 현 실태, 지역개발의 효과 등에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 사례지역을 비롯한 대부분의 기존 워터프론트 개발은 경제성을 위해 규모가 큰 상업시설 위주로 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 주거시설이나 문화시설을 비롯한 다양한 시설의 구성이 부족한 특수성을 갖추어 가고 있다. 또한, 기존의 유휴공간을 재개발하면서 도시와의 관계를 제대로 설정하지 못하여 도시와 분리된 폐쇄공간으로 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 도시구조에 통합되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 무엇보다 워터프론트 개발사업에 관계된 여러 집단들, 즉 중앙정부, 지방자치단체, 개발주체, 시민 등 이들 사이에 합의 도출의 어려움이 많아 좋은 계획안이 무산되거나 사업이 지체 혹은 중단되는 사례가 많았다. 워터프론트 개발에 대한 지역민사회의 충분한 공감대가 결코 형성되지 않았음에도 오히려 요식적 여론수렴 절차를 강조하고 있으며, 친환경적 도시개발이라는 사업의 목적과 맞지 않는 계획이 많았다. 특히, 관련 사업 중 항만재개발사업에는 막대한 초기 투자비가 소요되어 재개발사업을 위한 자금의 확보가 어려운 경우가 많이 있었으며, 도시의 장기발전계획과 통합된 장기적인 개발전략이 필요한데 이를 소홀히 하는 경우가 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 기존 워터프론트 개발계획의 문제점과 향후 정비계획이 추구해야 하는 친수구역의 관리방법, 주민참여 방안의 대안제시가 이루어 질 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 국내 친수공간 정비계획을 재 고찰 할 수 있는 기회가 되었으면 한다.