• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2003

본 연구는 저열량 기능성 탄수화물 소재(저항전분, 식이섬유)를 이용하여 당뇨병 환자의 혈당과 지방대사를 조절하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 치료식을 개발하기 위해 동물실험과 임상실험을 수행하여 제품의 혈당 및 지방대사 조절, 혈당조절호르몬, 장내기능조절 효과를 검증하였다. 또한 동물실험을 통해 대장에서 염증을 일으키는 것으로 알려진 deoxycholate (DOC)를 식이무게의 2%로 첨가하고, HAS는 일반전분의 50%로 대체시켰을 때 HAS가 DOC의 염증작용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보아 HAS의 장기능 개선에 대한 기능성을 환인해보았고 저항전분이 혈당 및 혈액내 지질조성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 인체실험 연구결과는 저항 전분을 섭취한 군에서 체중이 유의적으로 감소하였고 비만도를 나타내는 BMI도 감소하여 개발된 선식제품의 체중감소 효과가 입증되었다. 당대사 결과는 동물실험의 경우는 저항전분을 섭취한 군에서 혈당감소를 나타내고 있으나 인체실험의 경우 선식제품 섭취 후 혈당과 인슐린의 농도가 영향을 받지 않았으며 혈액 내 지방성분은 동물실험에서는 혈액내 총지방과 중성지방이 저항전분 섭취시 감소하였고, 인체실험의 경우 저항전분 시제품 섭취 후에 혈액내 중성지방량은 약간 증가하였으나 총지방량과 총콜레스테롤량, LDL-콜레스테롤량은 감소하는 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 면역능력에 대한 지표는 저항전분 시제품 섭취 후 혈액 내 면역글로부린 G가 유의적으로 증가 하였다. 동물실험을 통한 저항전분의 장기능에 관한 연구결과는 저항전분의 한 형태인 HAS의 섭취가 대장길이와 맹장무게를 증가시키며, 맹장에서의 비피더스균의 증식을 가져와 장내 SCFA의 생산을 증가시키고, 맹장내 pH 감소를 가져오며 대장 점막에서의 PGE2의 생산을 감소시켜 장 기능개선의 효과를 나타내고 있다. 그리고 이러한 효과는 DOC섭취에 의한 부작용을 완화시키는 작용을 하였다. 또한 저항전분의 동물실험 겨로가는 혈당을 감소시키며, 혈액지방 수준을 감소시키는 효과를 나타내므로 저항전분의 섭취는 장긴\ulcorner 개선, 혈당유지, 혈액지방수준 개선의 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2014

We investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-obesity effects of extracts from young Akebia quinata D. leaves, including hot water (AQH) and 80% ethanol (AQE) extracts. The inhibitory effects of AQH and AQE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined by Oil Red O staining. Compared to control, lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by 18.3% with the treatment upon AQE at a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$. The levels of intracellular triglycerides and free glycerol were also reduced by 52.8% and 9.1% at the same concentration of AQE. The in vivo anti-obesity effect of AQE was evaluated in terms of body and white adipose tissue weights in ICR mice. Experimental groups were divided into the following five groups: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet with 60 mg/kg/day of Orlistat (HFD-RF), high fat diet with 200 mg/kg/day of AQE (HFD-AL), and high fat diet with 600 mg/kg/day of AQE (HFD-AH). Feeding of HFD for eight weeks resulted in significant increases in body weight as well as weight gain compared to the ND group. HFD-AH group showed reduced body weight, weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue weight, and perirenal white adipose weight as compared to the HFD group. These results indicate that AQE supplementation might have beneficial effects on anti-obesity by inhibiting lipid accumulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1126-1131
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• 2010

The antiobesity effect of soymilks fermented with Bacillus subtilis KC-3 (KCCM 42923) from cheonggukjang was compared with other sources of B. subtilis KCCM 11316 and B. subtilis MYCO. The antiobesity effect was investigated by measuring the release of leptin, Oil red O staining, glycerol secretions and adipogenic transcription factor by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fermented soymilk with B. subtilis KC-3 (F-KC) led to decrease levels of leptin secretion and increase levels of glycerol secretion in the cells. In addition, F-KC reduced contents of Oil red O dye in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, mRNA expression levels of both SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c) and PPAR-$\gamma$ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\gamma$), which are adipogenic transcription factor, in cells treated with F-KC were markedly down regulated. These results demonstrate that the Bacillus subtillis fermented soymilk (F-KC) decreased lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting lipogenesis. All B. subtilis fermented soymilks had shown antiobesity activities, however, F-KC exhibited the strongest antiobesity effect in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our study suggests that especially F-KC increased the potential of antiobesity effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.244-257
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of exercise on genistein-induced adipose tissue reduction and anti-inflammation of adipose tissue in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet. Compared to mice fed a high-fat diet (C), both genistein (G) or exercise only (Ex) not only decreased adipose tissue weight and adipocyte size, but also glucose and free fatty acid levels in serum, which were more effectively reduced when genistein and exercise were treated simultaneously (G/Ex). The expression of lipogenesis and inflammatory cytokine genes of both G and Ex in adipose tissue was decreased compared to C. In particular, the decrease of these genes expression in G/Ex was more effective than each treatment alone. Thus, this study revealed that simultaneous treatment of genistein and exercise resulted in more effective improvement of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation than genistein single treatment in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet, and it is a result of positive regulation of lipogenesis genes. This study suggests that the exercise has a beneficial effect on anti-obesity and adipose tissue anti-inflammation of genistein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2005

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) is highly enriched in membrane of brain and retina, and plays an important role in maintaining an optimal function of the central nervous system. We investigated the effect of n-3 fatty acid deficiency on rat brain, retina and liver fatty acyl composition at two different ages (3 wks and 15 wks) under DHA deficient condition. Rat pups born to dams fed a diet with $3.1\%$ of total fatty acids as $\alpha-linolenic$ acid (LNA) were fed using an artificial rearing system either an n-3 deficient (n-3 Def) or n-3 adequate (n-3 Adq) diet. Both diets contained $17.1\%$ linoleic acid (LA) but the n-3 Adq diet also contained $3.1\%$ LNA. Rats consuming the n-3 Def diet showed a lower brain $(50\%\;in\;13\;wks\;and\;70\%\;in\;15\;wks,\;p<0.05)$ and retinal $(50\%\;in\;13\;wks\;and\;63\%\;in\;15\;wks,\;p<0.05)$ DHA than those on the n-3 Adq diet, which was largely compensated for by an increase in docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, DPAn-6). In the liver of the n-3 Def group, the percentage of DHA decreased by $97\%$ at 3 wks of age with an apparent increase in DPAn-6 relative to the n-3 Adq group (p<0.05), while there was a $65\%$ lower liver DHA in n-3 Def group at 15 wks of age than the n-3 Adq group (p<0.05). Liver arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA) was increased at 3 wks of age but decreased at 15 wks of age in the n-3 Def group compared with n-3 Adq group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the replacement of DHA by DPAn-6 in brain and retina fatty acid composition may be related to the suboptimal function in spatial learning, memory and visual acuity. This artificial rearing method presents a first generation model for n-3 deficiency that is similar to the case of human nutrition that commonly employed two generation model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.156-160
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 기존의 고지방 발효 소시지의 지방을 감소시키기 위해 만든 저지방 발효 소시지의 지방 대체제 효과를 평가하고 항 콜레스테롤과 항 고혈압 활성을 갖는 기능성 유산균주를 이용하여 발효 소시지를 제조 및 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 저지방 발효 소시지는 고지방 발효 소시지들에 비해 숙성시간을 거의 $1{\sim}2$주 정도 단축시킬 수 있었지만 외관상 주름이 많고 관능평가에서 고지방과 중지방에 비하여 선호도가 낮았다. 소시지들의 콜레스테롤 함량은 지방 함량이 감소됨에 따라 감소되었다. 항고혈압 활성을 갖는 유산균주를 이용한 저지방 처리구는 저지방 대조구와 유사한 ACE 억제 활성을 가졌다. 이상의 결과에서 발효소시지의 과다한 지방을 감소시키기 위하여 중지방(${\sim}25%$)이 보다 적당하다고 평가되며 항고혈압과 콜레스테롤 저하 균주가 포함된 기능성 발효소시지의 개발은 건강 식육제품에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

Although negative evidences of trans fatty acids(tFAs) are gradually increasing, the hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs are controversial and its biological significances are still not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary tFAs on cholesterol metabolism and membrane fluidity in rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) for 8 weeks. Each test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) contained 25%, 8.5% and no tFAs, respectively, Plasma total triglyceride(TG) were not different among diet treatments. Feeding trans fat diets (margarine and butter) lowered plasma cholesterol. Specially, butter diet elevated LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, resulting in the highest atherogenic index among diet treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentration and HMG CoA reductase activity were also decreased, whereas fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased in trans fat-fed animals. trans fat containing diets also decreased hepatic membrane fluidity. From these results, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of diets, but its spatial cofiguration may help behave like saturated fatty acid in membrane fluidity.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 2020

We investigated the anti-obesity effect of Gelidium elegans extract (GE) on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. The results of the present study demonstrated that GE prevents weight gain induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by modulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16)-uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) pathway in a mice model. Moreover, in vitro results show that GE suppressed adipocyte differentiation by modulating adipogenic regulators, stimulated lipolysis by activating ATGL, and inhibited adipogenesis by downregulating various enzymes associated with triglyceride synthesis. GE was also found to upregulate AMPK phosphorylation as well as the expression of UCP1 and PRDM16 proteins, leading to measurable changes in the beige-like phenotype differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest the role of GE as a functional food ingredient extracted from Gelidium elegans to increase energy expenditure and anti-obesity efficacy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 1984

The effect of fiber sources on lipid metabolism was investigated in relation to the level of dietary fat. After rats were fed each diet for 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to collect the liver, and blood samples by heart puncture. Total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and HDL- cholesterol were determined in serum. Total lipid and total cholesterol were also determined in liver. These results were compared with the histochemical appearances by the method of Oil red-O staining. Higher level of fat in the diet appeared to increase the total lipid levels in serum and more fat in the liver cells were shown from the high fat diet judging from the E.M. pictures. Phospholipid concentration in serum was greater in the rats of high fat groups than those of the control or non-fat groups. High fat level caused to decrease the HDL- cholesterol concentration in serum. Pectin decreased serum and liver lipids and the deposit of fat in the liver cells. HDL-cholesterol levels in serum was increased by pectin. Whereas the cellulose supplementation had no effect to reduce serum and liver total lipid levels, and cellulose did not decreased the deposit of fat in the liver cells. From these results, it is concluded that dietary fat levels led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and pectin may exhibit a lowering total lipid contents in serum and liver. Cellulose may slightly elevate serum and liver levels, or have no lowering effect.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.647-651
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• 1997

Flowering date of peanut variety, Daekwangtangkong and Daepungtangkong in non-mulching culture was delayed each 9 and 6 days. Seedling ratio was decreased each 3.7%, 16% and branch length was decreased each 24%, 17% more than polyethylene film mulching culture. But the number of branch in non-mulching culture was not reduced. No. of mature pods, kernel/pod ratio, 100-seed weight and kernel weight per plant was reduced extremely in non-mulching culture, nevertheless the kernel yield per 1 ha of Daekwangtangkong in non-mulching culture was similar to that of polyethylene film mulching culture but yield of Daepungtangkong was 26% higher than that of polyethylene film mulching culture owing to planting density. Protein content of Daekwangtangkong in non-mulching culture was increased 4% but that of Daepungtangkong was decreased 3% and oil content of both variety was decreased 7%, 9% respectively comparing to polyethylene film mulching culture. Oleic acid was increased but linoleic acid was decreased and O/L ratio was decreased in non-mulching culture.