• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 1976

Spinous loaches widely distributed in Korea, are of many color pattern types, but interestingly the crossband B and C-types of these coaches are collected only in the two rivers, the Yeongsan River and the Seomjin River, flowing through the south-western part of Korea. These two types have not only different color pattern, but also different geographical distribution: the B-type is found in the Yeongsan River and the C-typs, in the Seomjin River. But the both types have four common distinctive features, which easily distinguish them from other already known species of this genus: the B and C-types have the similar total length distribution, the same structure of lamina circularis and scales, and the black spots at the back of their opercula. These peculiarities may be explained by studing the history of these two rivers. The author considers that they are once rivers of the same origin located around the Noryeong and the Sobaeg Mountains, and then were eventually separated from each other as the water level or the crust of Korea peninsula changed. Thus, these two types, B and C, of spinous loaches should have been the same species living in the same river, but in the course of time, these two types have taken different color patterns since the separation of two rivers thus making them impossible to cross between these two populations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

In order to provide the molecular genetic information necessary for conservation of bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L), one of the rare species in Korea, I-SSR analysis was performed on two populations on Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak. A total of 68 I-SSR products were observed, and higher level of genetic diversity was observed in Mt. Halla population (S.I.=0.539) than in the Mt. Seorak population (S.I,=0.401). Level of genetic diversity in this species was relatively higher than those in other rare species analysed with I-SSR marker. From the results of AMOVA, exceptionally large proportion of genetic diversity (33.5%) was resulted from genetic difference between two populations, and only 66.5% of the genetic variation was allocated in common among individuals within each population, compared with the results in other long-lived woody species. This remarkably high degree of genetic heterogeneity existed between Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak populations might suggest that they might be originated from the independent progenitors before the post glacier ages, respectively, and/or that they undergone random genetic drift respectively due to geographical isolation resulted from dramatic changes in environmental conditions after the post glacier ages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2015

Genetic variations of Abies koreana and Abies nephrolepis were assessed using two mitochondrial DNA regions (nad5 intron 4 and nad5 intron 1) for 16 natural populations to understand their phylogeographical history. Seven polymorphic sites of the two combined regions resulted in the resolution of four haplotypes (M1-M4). The average gene diversity within the population ($H_S$) was 0.098, the total gene diversity ($H_T$) was 0.620, and the interpopulation differentiation was $G_{ST}=0.841$, $N_{ST}=0.849$. The populations were divided into three groups (northern area, central area, southern area) according to their geographic locations. The populations of the northern and southern areas were mostly fixed for M1 and M2, respectively. The populations of the central area showed the highest levels of gene diversity ($H_T=0.654$) due to introgression from the northern area and southern area. The presence of a single mtDNA haplotype in the southern area suggests that current widespread populations have expanded to the central area from a specific refugium population after the last glacial period.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1998

The nucleotide sequences of the 5'-untraslated region(5'-UTR) of Hepatitis G virus(HGV) from sera of Korean patients were determines. When compared to the previously reported isolates, the Korean isolates have higher sequence homology with the Japanese isolates indicating the geographic distribution of HGV variants. Interestingly, three discrete regions which are highly conserved among HGV isolates from the same geographical area, thus could be applied to distinguish HGV isolates from the different areas were noticed in the 5'-UTR. Based on the sequences of these group-specific regions, twenty four different HGV isolates could be classified into 5 groups. By using the group-specific regions, inconsistency in HGV typing when based on the different regions of HGV could be solved.

• Korean Architects
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• no.10 s.354
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• pp.53-53
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• 1998

지난호 상편에서는 전주ㆍ익산ㆍ군산의 역사적 배경과 전주의 도시 건축에 대한 지역성을 탐색했다. 이에 이어 하편에서는 전주의 역사와 문화 그리고 익산과 군산의 도시 건축을 탐색해 보고자 한다. 상편에서도 언급했듯이 전북을 대표하는 3개의 도시, 전주, 익산, 군산은 지리적 특성과 역사적 특성으로 인해 동일 문화권이지만 지켜온 현상들에서 서로 다르며 격리된 느낌의 단부소외성을 지니고 있다. 전북은 우선 완주, 익산, 고창에 이르는 백제, 마한의 평야와 해안의 문화권과 이씨왕조의 본향으로 고도의 특색을 지닌 도시문화권인 전주권, 거대한 산세를 자랑하는 지리산의 자연과 맥을 같이하는 남원군역으로 크게 대별 되어진다. 전북지방의 건축문화적 토대는 여타의 문화와 동일하게 백제의 숨결속에서 느낄 수 있다. 화려함도, 아기자기함도 없지만 있는 그대로, 한국의 정서를 압축한 듯 절박함을 바탕으로 한 백제의 문화적 속성을 지니고 있다. 한편 지나간 시절의 영화가 현재에 재현되거나 지속되고 있지는 못하나 지난 삶의 자취에서, 이곳 사람들의 인정에서, 맛의 문화에서 그 깊이와 멋의 가닥을 찾을 수 있다. 현대의 도시들은 이러한 도시형성상의 문화적 지혜나 건축적 혜안을 관찰하여 이루어지고 있는지 못하다. 우리의 최근의 역사들은 연약하지도, 섬세하지도 않고 오히려 일시에 옛 자취를 휩쓸어 버리는 강성을 지녀 혼이 담긴 과거의 흔적을 유지하기 쉽지 않다. 우리는 이러한 현상을 주시하였고, 옛 백제 문화의 정신을 토대로 성장하고 있는 현재의 모습들을 관찰하며 반성도 했고, 이어지고 남겨져야 할 이 고장의 특성을 헤아렸다. 마지막으로 이 고장의 미래가 발전적이기를 염원도 해본다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.317-330
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• 1999

To study the actual vegetation and vegetation structure of Tongyoung district and Yokjido (Island) in Hallyo-Haesang National Park, thirty seven plots were surveyed in July,1998. The vegetation structure of the surveyed plots were dissimilar in virtue of geographical isolation and artificial disturbance. The actual vegetation were classified into five group: Pinus thunbergii forest, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora- deciduous broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora-evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest. P. thunbergii forest was a major vegetaion type of the surveyed area and evergreen broad-leaved forests were distributed at Ch'ubongdo, Yongch'odo, Pijindo, Yokjido and Youjado as a small patch. Successional sere shall be assumed from Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, and deciduous broad leaved trees to Neolitsea sericea, Cinnamomum japonicum and Persea thunbergii via Castanopsis sieboldii.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1999

The genetic polymorphism and relationship among 14 Zelkova serrata registered as the natural monument in Korea were investigated using RAPD markers. N-J tree indicated that individuals in Kangwon-do were clustered and those in Yangam-gun and Damyang-gun of Chollanam-do were done closely. However, all the others were not agreed with the geographical distribution. Maybe this discordance was resulted from their movement by human being than any biological factors. The polymorphic percentages among individuals were from 77.8 to 100. From the high polymorphism, it was supposed that existing natural monuments were independently originated in the ancestors of long differentiated populations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2001

Nowaday, the rapid progress toward an information- oriented society results in the regional disparity in information services. Especially, the subscribe lines in islands are not advanced due to the geographical factors and a small number of subscribe. The problem in the subscribe line deepens inequalities in the development between regions. The presents of network structure and operation of the island communication in Korea are analysed, and the methods to advance subscribe lines for islands are considered in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 1988

Restriction endonucleases were used to search for intraspecific variation at 32 cleavage sites in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) purified from fourteen strains of Drosophila melanogaster helonging to different localities of the world. mtDNA of D. melanogaster was displayed site variation(Hpall, Haelll and Seal endonucleases) and length variation(maxirnum 550bp). Six genotypes, Ml, M2, M3, M4, M6 and M7, could be distinguished based on ihe site types witti a low average of intraspecific substitution rate (1.88%),but M5 type of Ogasawara strain in Japan was not detected in this study. A possible explanation for the low divergence was that mtDNA variation of fourteen strains in D. melanogaster could not he accumulated sufficiently owing to recent divergence of few individuals, and that sequence divergence was prevented by frequent migration in spite of the geographical isolation.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2017

For the karyotype analysis of Liobagrus hyeongsanensis, an endemic Korean torrent catfish, ten females and five males were used from Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea. The diploid number of chromosomes was 42, and its karyotype consisted of 30 metacentrics and 12 submetacentrics; 84 FN (fundamental number), with having no polyploidy and sexual dimorphism. The chromosome number was the same as other closely-related species, L. mediadiposalis and L. somjinensis, but their karyotypes showed a clear difference by species. Such result may be related to chromosomal rearrangements by Robertsonian rearrangement with geographical isolation.