• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지구화학적 분산

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The Geochemical Characteristics of the River Water in the Han River Drainage Basin (한강수계분지내 하천수의 지구화학적 특성)

  • 서혜영;김규한
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.130-143
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    • 1997
  • To investigate geochemical characteristics and the sources of the dissolved ion species in the river water in the Han river drainage basin, samples were collected at 60 sites from the Han river drainage basin. The data for. pH, conductivity, TDS (total dissolved solid), temperature, and concentrations of dissloved ions were obtained as follows : (1) The geochemical characteristics of the surface water in the South and North Han river drainage basins are mainly controlled by bed rock geology in the drainage basin and in the main stream of the Han river considerably affected by anthropogenic pollution. The South Han river water samples have high concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ (ave. 15.42 ppm), $Mg^{2+}$ (ave. 2.74 ppm), HC $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ (ave. 51.9 ppm), which evidently indicates that the bed rock geology in a limestone area mainly controls the surface water chemistry. The concentration of S $O_4$$^{2-}$ is remarkably high (SHR10-2 : 129.9 ppm) because of acid mine drainage from the metal and coal mines in the upper reaches of the South Han river. (2) The South Han river and the North Han river join the Han river. in the Yangsuri, Kyounggido and flow through Seoul metropolitan city. The mixing ratio is about 60:40 at the meeting point (sample number HRl0). (3) The result of factor analysis suggests that the pollution factor accounts for about 79% and the bed rock type factor accounts for about 7% of the data variation. This means that the geochemical characteristics of the Han river water mainly controlled by anthropogenic pollution in the South Han river and main stream of the Han river drainage basin. (4) The chemical data for four tributaries such as the Wangsukcheon, the Tancheon, the Zunuangcheon, and the Anyangcheon show that the concentration of pollution elements such as N $O_2$, C $l^{-}$, P $O_4$$^{3-}$, S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and Mn are high due to municipal waste disposal.

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The Enhanced Electrophoresis Method in Leachate System for Repairing of Leaks in Waste Landfill Geomembrane Liner (폐기물 매립지 차수층 누출시 전기영동 복원을 위한 침출수에서의 향상기법)

  • Kim, Jong-Yun;Han, Sang-Jae;Kim, Soo-Sam
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.1C
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2010
  • In case that the seepage of contaminants into the subsurface has been generated from the waste impoundment by demage of geomembrane liner, it is necessary to repair the leaks of geomembrane liner for minimizing the environmental contamination by electrophoresis method. However, when electrophoresis method is applied to leachate electrolyte system, the phenomenon of clay particles flocculation would be accelerated by the interaction between clay particles and specific chemicals in leachate. In addition, the gravitational settling behaviour would be induced superior to the electrophoretic migration behaviour. Eventually, the limitations of field applicability for using the electrophoresis method are appeared. Therefore, 1-D enhanced electrophoresis method is conducted to prevent the clay flocculation and accelerate the migration of clay particles separately. After the 1-D enhanced electrophoresis experiment, we can get the results that the deflocculation effect of clay particles is increased by electrical repulsion of polymer, which adsorbed in clay particle edge, in case of using PAA dispersing agent.

A Preliminary Study on the Potential Source of Cadmium in the Boseong-Jangheung Mine District (전남 보성-장흥 광화대의 잠정적 카드뮴원에 대한 예비연구)

  • Heo, Chul-Ho;So, Chil-Sup;Yun, Seong-Taek;Shim, Sang-Kyun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.61-65
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    • 1997
  • Cadmium occurs as a minor element in sphalerite ((Zn, Fe)S) from the Boseong-Jangheung gold-silver mine district. We analyzed the abundance of cadmium in sphalerite using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and discussed the natural sources of cadmium in terms of bedrock geochemistry, in order to preliminarily reconnoiter the potential cadmium contamination in mine districts. Cadmium contents of sphalerites from the Au-Ag mines (Bodeok, Mundeok, Jeonbo, Boknae, Keumsan) in the Boseong-Jangheung district are considerably high, compared with cadmium contents of sphalerites (average = 0.5 wt.% Cd, maximum = 4.4 wt.% Cd) in the world. Sphalerites from the Keumsan mine (average = 9.49 wt.% Cd, maximum=11.22 wt. Cd) are highly enriched in cadmium. Our data suggest that the Boseong-Jangheung area is an important potential site of cadmium contamination in Korea. Based on bedrock geochemistry, natural causes of cadmium enrichment in sphalerite from the mine district are thought to be the mixing of cadmium leached from organic-rich, metasedimentary rocks (including coal) and/or black shales. From this study, we propose that the pinpointing of potential sites of pollution by toxic heavy metals can be done effectively through detailed reconnaisance study on mineralogical compositions of ore minerals such as sphalerite from the mine area.

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AspectHPJ: Aspect-Oriented Parallel Programming Model in Java (AspectHPJ: 자바기반의 관심 지향적 병렬 프로그래밍 모델)

  • Kim, Myoung-Jin;Lee, Han-Ku;Lee, Dong-Keun;Lee, Won-Sa
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2008.06b
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    • pp.531-535
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    • 2008
  • 최근의 융합학문의 발전으로 생물, 물리, 화학, 천문, 우주학, 지구과학 분야에서도 병렬 프로그램을 이용한 대용량 데이터를 처리하는 빈도가 높아졌다. 그러나 병렬 프로그래밍은 병렬환경의 전문성을 가지고 있지 않는 다른 학문의 전문가가 사용하기는 어려운 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 병렬환경의 비전문가도 사용하기 용이한 관심 지향적 병렬 프로그래밍 모델과 자바 기반으로 구현된 AspectHPJ 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템의 첫 번째 특징은 일반사용자가 Sequential 코드로 프로그램을 작성하고 병렬화 하고자 하는 코드영역에 병렬마크를 사용하여 병렬코드로 전환하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 두 번째는 병렬환경 요소 (프로세서 개수, 분산배열 속성)를 AOP 개념의 관심 (aspect)으로 추출하여 사용자가 보다 용이하게 병렬환경 요소를 설정할 수 있게 해주는데 있다.

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수용액중에서 모노에탄올아민의 CO2 흡수반응의 반응자유에너지의 밀도범함수 계산모델.

  • Jang, Yong-Hun;Kim, Yong-Jun;Wi, E-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Yeon
    • Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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    • 2014.03a
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2014
  • 온실가스 증가로 인한 지구온난화 문제가 범세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있는 가운데, 특히 온실가스 중 약 76%이상을 차지하는 이산화탄소를 흡수하기 위한 흡수제 개발에 여러 국가들이 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 그 중 이산화탄소 흡수제로 가장 상용화 되어 있는 모노에탄올아민(monoethanolamine, MEA)은 분자량이 작아 몰 농도비에 따른 이산화탄소의 흡수에 유리하고 반응속도가 빠르다는 장점이 있으나, 재생에 필요한 에너지가 높다는 단점이 존재한다. 수용액중에서 MEA가 $CO_2$를 흡수하는 반응의 반응자유에너지는 반응메카니즘을 이해하는데 가장 기본적인 도구이다. 본 연구에서는 B3LYP, M06-2X의 밀도범함수를 이용하여 MEA의 $CO_2$ 흡수반응의 반응자유에너지를 계산하는 계산모델을 선정하였다. 수용액에서 MEA가 $CO_2$를 흡수하는 반응의 반응자유에너지를 밀도범함수를 이용하여 계산할 때는, 수용액상태에서 화학종의 분자구조를 최적화하는 것이 필요하였다. 또한 M06-2X 밀도범함수가 B3LYP 밀도범함수보다 좋은 결과를 주었으며, 분산보정을 하는 것이 보다 좋은 결과를 주었다.

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Characteristics of Geochemical Behaviors of Trace Metals in Drainage from Abandoned Sechang Mine (세창 폐금속광산 수계에서 미량원소의 지구화학적 거동특성 규명)

  • Kang Min-Ju;Lee Pyeong-Koo;Youm Seung-Jun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.39 no.3 s.178
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    • pp.213-227
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    • 2006
  • The geochemical evolution of mine drainage and leachate from waste rock dumps and stream water in Pb-As-rich abandoned Sechang mine area was investigated to elucidate mechanisms of trace metals. Total and sequential extractions were applied to estimate the distribution of trace metals in constituent phases of the waste rocks and to assess the mobility of trace metals according to physicochemical conditions. These discharged waters varied largely in chemical composition both spatially and temporally, and included cases with significant]y low pH (in the range 2.1-3.3), and extremely sulphate (up to 661 mg/l and metal contents (e.g. up to 169 mg/l for Zn, 27 mg/l for As, 3.97 mg/l for Pb, 2.99 mg/l for Cu, and 1.88 mg/l for Cd). Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations at the down-stream of Sechang mine have been decreased nearly to the background level in downstream sites (sites 8 and 16) without any artificial treatments. The oxidation of Fe-sulfides and the subsequent hydrolysis, of Fe(II), with precipitation of poorly crystallized minerals, constituted an efficient mechanism of natural attenuation which reduces considerably the transference of trace metals (i.e. Fe and As) to rivers. The dilution of drainage by mixing with pristine waters provoked an additional decrease of trace metal concentrations and a progressive pH increase. On the other hand, the most soluble cations (i.e. Zn) remained significantly as dissolved solutes until the pH was raised to approximately neutral values. With respect to ecotoxicity, it is likely that the Zn pollution is of particular concern in Sechang mine area. This was confirmed by the sequential extraction experiment, where Zn in wet waste-rock samples occurred predominantly in the exchangeable fraction (65-89% of total), while Pb was the highest in the reducible and carbonate fractions, and Cd, Cu and As in the residual fraction. Pb concentration in the readily available exchangeable fraction (34-48% of total) was dominated for dried waste rock samples. Considering the proportion of metals bound to the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, the comparative mobility of metals probably decreased in the order of Zn>Pb>Cd>As=Cu.

Research Trend on Performance Diagnosis and Restoration Technology of Waste Lithium Ion Battery for Energy Storage Systems (에너지저장장치용 폐리튬이온배터리 성능 진단 및 복원 기술동향)

  • Lee, Kiyoug;Choi, Jinsub;Lee, Jaeyoung
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.290-296
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    • 2019
  • Lithium-ion batteries are one of the most interesting devices in a number of energy storage systems. In particular, the usage of energy storage devices is increasing due to an increase in demand for renewable energy as a distributed power supply source, stable supply of electric power, and expansion of electric vehicles. Of late, the recycling and restoration technology of waste lithium ion batteries due to the increase in its usage amount as the energy storage system is a socially and economically important research field. In this review, we intend to describe the performance diagnosis, recycling or restoration technology of lithium ion battery and its potential development.

Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Jeju Island using Principal Component Analysis and Geostatistics (주성분분석과 지구통계법을 이용한 제주도 지하수의 수리지화학 특성 연구)

  • Ko Kyung-Seok;Kim Yongie;Koh Dong-Chan;Lee Kwang-Sik;Lee Seung-Gu;Kang Cheol-Hee;Seong Hyun-Jeong;Park Won-Bae
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.38 no.4 s.173
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    • pp.435-450
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of the study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics by multivariate statistical method, to interpret the hydrogeochemical processes for the new variables calculated from principal components analysis (PCA), and to infer the groundwater flow and circulation mechanism by applying the geostatistical methods for each element and principal component. Chloride and nitrate are the most influencing components for groundwater quality, and the contents of $NO_3$ increased by the input of agricultural activities show the largest variation. The results of PCA, a multivariate statistical method, show that the first three principal components explain $73.9\%$ of the total variance. PC1 indicates the increase of dissolved ions, PC2 is related with the dissolution of carbonate minerals and nitrate contamination, and PC3 shows the effect of cation exchange process and silicate mineral dissolution. From the results of experimental semivariogram, the components of groundwater are divided into two groups: one group includes electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, Na, and $NO_3$, and the other includes $HCO_3,\;SiO_2,$ Ca, and Sr. The results for spatial distribution of groundwater components showed that EC, Cl, and Na increased with approaching the coastal line and nitrate has close relationship with the presence of agricultural land. These components are also correlated with the topographic features reflecting the groundwater recharge effect. The kriging analysis by using principal components shows that PC 1 has the different spatial distribution of Cl, Na, and EC, possibly due to the influence of pH, Ca, Sr, and $HCO_3$ for PC1. It was considered that the linear anomaly zone of PC2 in western area was caused by the dissolution of carbonate mineral. Consequently, the application of multivariate and geostatistical methods for groundwater in the study area is very useful for determining the quantitative analysis of water quality data and the characteristics of spatial distribution.

Geochemical Dispersion and Enrichment of Fluvial Sediments Depending on the Particla Size Distribution (입도분포에 따른 하상퇴적물의 지구화학적 분산 및 부화)

  • 이현구
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.247-260
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    • 1999
  • Geochermical characteristics of the fluvial sediments deprnding on particle size distribution size were investigated in the respect of majir, minor and rare eath element chemisitry. Ratios of $Al_{2}O_{3}/Na_{2}O$ and $K_{2}O/Na_{2}O$ of the sediments show the homogeneous valus, and partly positive correlation with $SiO_{2}/Al_{2}O_{3}$, respecively. Characteristics of minor element ratios (V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co and Zr/Hf)are within the lower and narrow range. Thesesuggested that sediment sources may be acidic to intermediate granitic rock, and may be explained by simple weathering and sedimentation. With increasing SiO2 contents, concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO and MgO decreased, but those of $K_{2}O$ and $Na_{2}O$ increased, Concentrations of Ba, Be, Cs, Cu, Li, Ni, Sr, V and Zr show comparatively normal negative and some positive trends. Compared with the mean composition of granite, concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, MnO, CaO and MgO in the sediments of the study area were highly enriced. Among some minor and rare earth elements, concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and V were enriched, but those of Be, Ce, Rb, Sc, Sr and Zn were depleted when compared with average composition of granite. By decreasing of particle size fractions, SiO2, Rb and Sr conterts decreased, but concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO, MgO, $TiO_{2}$, MgO, $P_{2}O_{5}$, Be, Cu, Hf, Pb, V and Zr increased. From the correlations between particle size fractions and element concenreations, some elements of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO, MgO, $P_{2}O_{5}$, Cu, Ni, Zn and Zr showed typical trends in the secondary contramination sediments. These trends are typically shown under 100 mesh fractions. It indicates that the fraction of minus 100 mesh is the optimum size fraction for geochemical and environmental survey.

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The Synthetic Study of Environmental Contamination at the Seokdae Municipal Waste Landfill in Pusan (부산 석대 생활폐기물 매립장의 환경오염에 대한 종합적 연구)

  • 김병우;정상용;이민희;이병헌
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 2001
  • In order to understand the characteristics of leachate at the Seokdae municipal waste landfill in the Pusan city, the correlation between leachate pollution loading and volume of gas production. concentration of gas and subsidence of ground, the characteristical methos, geochemical analyses and laboratory column tests using samples of gases, leachate and surface soil of Seokdae waste landfill area. Through the analysis of water balance, leachate flow rate and pollution loading were estimated. Geistatistical analysis of four gas components ( $O_2$, C $H_4$, $H_2$S and CO) shows the possibility of ground subsidence around the group of a site with high concentration of gas. From geochemical analyses of leachate, EC and Total-Alkalinity of ground subsidence around the group of a site with high concentration of gas. From geochemical analysis of leachate, Ec and Total-Alkalinity were increased, and Cl, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were decreassed comparing to the part, and the type of water quality was Na-HC $O_3$ in trilinear diagram. It shows that biodecomposition of municipal wastes continues actively. From the analysis of water balance, the total leachate flow rate is about 465.11㎥/day and pure pollution loading of Cl, Mn and Fe are estimated to 223.8kg/day, 0.2kg/day, 0.3kg/day, respectively. The laboratory column test of residual soil and landfill soil shows 0.206cm and 0.019cm for linear velocity(equation omitted), 0.234 $\textrm{cm}^2$/min and 0.018$\textrm{cm}^2$/min for diffusion coefficient ( $D_{ι}$), and 1.136cm and 0.095cm longitudinal dispersion index ($\alpha$$_{ι}$), respective]y. It demonstrates that the delay time of contamination for residual soil is shorter than that of landfill soil.

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