• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.11 no.3 s.40
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• pp.251-258
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to examine the behavior of the N-joints using square hollow sections and to improve the structural performance without reinforcing the joints. The selected parameters are the ratio of web to chord width, gap to chord width and eccentricity to chord width. Comparison between test results and codes shows the fact that the NPE-type has superior structural properties to the NSE-type in ultimate strength and deformation capacity. The experimental formulae based on the regression analysis are proposed. Ultimate strength formula employed in eurocode 3 is revised and proposed for the NSE-type. And ultimate strength formula including the eccentricity to chord width ratio which effects on the ultimate strength is proposed for the NPE-type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.5 s.60
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• pp.657-664
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• 2002

This paper described the ultimate strength and deformation limit of the new uniplanar T-joints in cold-formed square hollow sections. In the configuration of the new T-joint, only a branch member is orientated to a chord member at 45 degrees in the plane of the truss. This study focused on the branch-rotated T-joints that were governed by chord flange failure in previous studies. Test results of the T-joint in cold-formed square hollow sections revealed a deformation limit of 3%B for $16.7{\leq}2{\gamma}(=B/T){\leq}33.3$ and $0.27{\leq}{\beta}(=b1/B){\leq}0.6$. The existing strength formulae for traditional T-joint were determined and a new yield-line model for the branch-rotated T-joint proposed. Finally, the strength formula on the yield-line analysis was compared with test results and the application range of the proposed formula recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.5 s.78
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• pp.581-591
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• 2005

This paper proposes a design formulae that evaluates the design strength of T-joints made of cold-formed square hollow steel sections with longitudinal branch plate. The T-joints had a configuration that a branch member used to longitudinal plate to the main chord in the plane. This study focused on the branch plate T-joints governed by the main chord flange failure mode among the experimental results. Based on the test results of the longitudinal branch plate T-joint in the square hollow sections, the ultimate strength on the T-joints was defined as 1.5 times the load at 1% B the strength of joints that governed the serviceability in control for $16.7{\leq}2\gamma(B/T){\leq}31.3$ and $0.20{\leq}{\beta}(b1/B){\leq}0.75$. Existing yield line models for normal T-joints were investigated to be the main chord flange failure for the branch plate T-joint, and this proposal design formula was based on the theory of the yield line model. Finally, the value of the finite element method compared with the value of the test and theory for the T-joints verified the validity of the design formulae.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 2009

The purpose of the study described in this paper was to experimentally investigate branch squared T joints with cold formed hollow structural sections under the in plane moment in a Vierendeel Truss. The branch in the T joints was welded to the upper flange of the chord. The main experimental parameters were the ratio of the width to the thickness of the chord ($2{\gamma}$), with ${16.7{\leq}2{\gamma}{\leq}33.3}$, and the width ratio of the branch to the chord ($\beta$), with ${0.40{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}0.71}$. Nine specimens were tested and manufactured in joints under the in plane bending moment. Based on the results of the test, the in plane moment strength of the branch squared T joints was determined according to the bending deformation of the chord flange yielding, regardless of the ratio of the width to the thickness of the chord and the ratio of the width of the branch to the width of the chord. Also, the in plane moment strength of the branch squared T joints in the hollow structural sections can be defined as 1.5 times the moment load at M1%B the strength of the joints that governed the serviceability in the control group. Finally, the experimental results with the branch squared T joints show that the in lane moment strength of the joint increased as $2{\gamma}$ decreased and $\beta$ increased.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.154-158
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• 2005

통과역대문헌적고증(通過歷代文獻的考證), 대(對)'심자군주지관(心者君主之官)'적경락학의거진행연구결과(的經絡學依據進行硏究結果), 득출이하결론(得出以下結論): 심종공능상가분위신명지심화혈육지심(心從功能上可分爲神明之心和血肉之心), 신명지심여대뇌적정신활동유관(神明之心與大腦的精神活動有關), 혈육지심여순환계통중추성작용유관(血肉之心與循環系統中樞性作用有關). 심통과계여오장급방광상연계(心通過系與五臟及膀胱相聯系), 통과경맥여폐(通過經脈與肺), 비(脾), 소장(小腸), 신(腎), 소포(小包), 삼초상연계(三焦相聯系), 통과십이경별여방광(通過十二經別與膀胱), 담(膽), 위(胃), 심상연계(心相聯系). 단시미찰도여대장급방광상연계적의거(但是未察到與大腸及膀胱相聯系的依據). 종심위오장육부지대주이급여오장계통과경맥(從心爲五臟六腑之大主以及與五臟系通過經脈), 경별등상연계적양대원칙내간(經別等相聯系的兩大原則來看), 심통과오장계화경맥(心通過五臟系和經脈), 경별등여오장육부상연계(經別等與五臟六腑相聯系), 병가어공제(幷加於控制), 이차장부통과경맥(而且臟腑通過經脈), 경별(經別), 경근등여인체각부위상연계(經筋等與人體各部位相聯系). 인차(因此), 심능구여인체각부위상연계, 병급여공제(幷給予控制). 이상내용고증료(以上內容考證了)'심자군주지관(心者君主之官)'적경락학의거(的經絡學依據). 유어한의학다소유무법실증적특점급문헌적결함(由於韓醫學多少有無法實證的特点及文獻的缺陷), 난면회유연구적국한성(難免會有硏究的局限性). 금후다가알굴상관문헌(今後多加알掘相關文獻), 기대능구조도경위확절적리논의거.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.100
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• pp.158-161
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• 2001

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.104
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• pp.102-103
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• 2001

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.73
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• pp.116-121
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• 1999

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.60
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• pp.99-103
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• 1998

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.60
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• pp.106-110
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• 1998