• Title/Summary/Keyword: 증발강도

Search Result 125, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Compressive Properties of Ultra High Strength Concrete Exposed to High Temperature (고온에 노출된 초고강도 콘크리트의 압축특성)

  • Kang, Yong-Hak;Kang, Choong-Hyun;Choi, Hyun-Guk;Shin, Hyun-Jun;Kim, Wha-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
    • /
    • v.26 no.3
    • /
    • pp.377-384
    • /
    • 2014
  • Recently, the trend toward larger architectural structures continues and accelerates demand for Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC) which satisfies structural performance. However, UHSC has weakness in fire and the performance tests are required. In this paper, the change of mechanical properties of 100 MPa grade UHSC exposed to high temperatures ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$) was observed to develop high temperature material model of UHSC: residual compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, property of stress-strain on monotonous loading and property of stress-strain on cyclic loading. In addition, TG/DTA and SEM Images analyses were performed to investigate chemical and physical characteristics of UHSC, and the results of this research were compared with those of previous studies. As a result, UHSC at the heating temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ showed a sharp decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. And It was shown that UHSC had a plastic behavior at more than $400^{\circ}C$ on the cyclic loading and revealed a same tendency in both monotonous and cyclic loading of all heating temperatures. In addition, through TG/DTA and SEM images analyses compared with those from previous studies, it was shown that the deterioration of concrete inner tissue, water evaporation and chemical reaction caused the decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity.

A Study on the Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Mixed with SBR, Polyurethane and Epoxy Latex (SBR, 폴리우레탄 및 에폭시 라텍스를 혼합한 폴리초산비닐 에멀젼 수지의 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Suh, Won-Dong
    • Elastomers and Composites
    • /
    • v.33 no.3
    • /
    • pp.149-158
    • /
    • 1998
  • SBR latex, polyurethane latex and epoxy latex were separately mixed with polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The various physical properties were examined for the mixtures. Epoxy mixtures gave a transparent film. Both polyurethane and SBR mixtures showed opaque film with high viscosity. In SBR and polyurethane increase in hardness was dependent on the evaporation rate of water, but in epoxy it was dependent on the degrees of crosslink. Epoxy's showed excellent water-resistance. SBR showed a good flexural strength and impact strength. When vinyl acetate emulsion was mixed with less than 10% latex paper tube showed the ductile fracture, but over latex content 20%, it showed the brittle fracture.

  • PDF

Fabrication of Glassy Carbon from Furan Resin (퓨란수지를 이용한 유리질 탄소의 제조)

  • 임연수;김희석;정윤중;김명수;김지현
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.38 no.7
    • /
    • pp.643-647
    • /
    • 2001
  • 퓨란수지로부터 유리질 탄소를 제조하였다. 유리질 탄소의 제조시, 사용된 수지가 경화 및 탄화 단계에서 많은 양의 가스를 방출하면서 큰 수축이 발생하여 크랙을 형성하고 휨 현상을 일으킨다. 이런 현상을 감소시키기 위하여 본 실험에서는 경화단계에서 압력을 가하고, 가열속도를 매우 느리게 하였다. 또한, 경화단계에서 무게감소와 수축율을 억제하고, 발생하는 가스의 배출을 용이하게 하여 궁극적으로는 시편의 크랙 및 휨 현상을 방지하고자 필러와 알콜을 첨가하였다. 그 결과, 무게감소와 수축을 억제하고 밀도의 증가를 가져왔고 유리질 탄소를 용이하게 제조할 수 있었으나 알코올을 첨가한 경우 필러의 양이 증가할수록 높은 비저항 값과 낮은 강도값을 나타내었다. 이런 현상은 알코올이 경화단계에서 분해 증발하면서 미세한 기포를 형성하고 이것들이 기공으로 전이하여 최종 제품에까지 영향을 주었기 때문이다.

  • PDF

The Study of Physical Interaction Between Al Metallic Surface and Gas by Irradiation fo Laser Beam (레이저빔 조사에 의한 Al 금속표면과 기체의 물리적 상호작용에 관한연구)

  • 권명회;박인호;김남춘;서동만;최성을
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
    • /
    • v.3 no.3
    • /
    • pp.280-285
    • /
    • 1994
  • 본 연구에서는 Al 금속 표면에 CW CO2 레이저 빔의 조사시 표면 온도의 증가에 따른 표면과 기체 분자의 계면사이에서 발생하는 다양한 물리적 현상을 측정하였다. 온도 증가에 따른 계면에서의 물리적 현상은 Al 표면에 힘의 변화를 초래하는데 이 힘의 변화를 시간에 따라 정확학게 측정하고 측정 한 힘을 온도와 연계하여 분석하면 계면의 상호작용에 의한 물리적 현상을 설명할 수 있다. 즉 레이저 와 표면의 상호 작용은 레이저 강도에 따라 기체와 표면사이의 에너지 및 선운동량의 전달, 표면 흡착 원자의 방출 및 표면물질의 증발 등으로 구분되는데, 이러한 상호 작용시 수반되는 힘의 변화를 이용하 여 Al 금속 표면에 대한 기체 종류별 Momentum Accommodation Coefficient (MAC)를 계산하였고, Al 표에 흡착된 원자의 종류,갯수 및 결합에너지를 구하였다.

  • PDF

Application of UHF Partial discharge sensing technology in AC withstand voltage test of gas-insulated switchgear (345 kV GIS AC 내전압 시험의 UHF 부분방전 검출기술 적용)

  • Park, Ki-Jun;Goo, Sun-Geun;Yoon, Jin-Yeol;Jung, Kil-Jo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2000.07c
    • /
    • pp.1843-1845
    • /
    • 2000
  • GIS(Gas insulated switchgear)내부에서 발생한 부분방전 신호를 검출 할 수 있는 UHF(Ultra-high frequency) 부분방전 검출 센서를 345 kV GIS의 AC 내전압 시험에 적용하였다. 부분방전 센서를 적용한 상태에서 각 상별로, bus별로 나누어 계통 최고전압의 1.0 p.u, 1.5 p.u, 1.73 p.u 전압을 단계적으로 인가하였으며 간헐적으로 부분방전 신호가 검출됨을 확인하였다. 간헐적인 부분방전 신호는 GIS 내부에 있던 이물질에서 약한 방전이 시작되고 인가전압을 높임에 따라 방전의 강도가 증가하다 소멸되었다. 방전을 일으킨 이물질이 모두 증발되었거나 위치 변화에 의해 방전이 소멸된 것으로 판단된다.

  • PDF

Assessment of a Slope Stability of Unsaturated Soils (불포화 자연사면의 안정성 평가)

  • Ryu, Chi-Hyob;Kim, Sang-Kyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
    • /
    • 2002.03a
    • /
    • pp.773-778
    • /
    • 2002
  • 강우시 불포화 자연사면의 파괴메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 사면내 모관흡수력의 변화를 고려한 안정해석을 수행하였다. 사면에는 강우계, Tensiometer, Pizometer, Water mock, 경사계 등이 설치되었으며 강우시 사면내 부간극수압과 임시지하수위의 거동을 관찰하였다. 실내실험으로부터 불포화 사면의 안정해석을 위하여 입력 값으로 사용되는 불포화투수계수, 불포화강도정수를 시료의 No.200체 통과량과 건조밀도를 기준으로 경험계수를 이용하여 추정 사용하였다. 강우의 침투로 인한 사면내 부간극수압의 분포는 계측값과 수치해석결과가 차이를 보였으며 이는 불포화 흐름시 흙속의 공기의 영향, 강우의 나무와 수풀에 의한 중간차단효과 및 증발의 영향을 해석에 고려하지 못했기 때문으로 사료된다. 사면안정해석결과 강우초기 모관흡수력을 고려하는 경우 약 10%의 안전율의 증가를 나타냈으며, 침투가 진행되면서 그 차이는 좁아져 임시지하수위가 표층까지 도달했을 때 흡수력을 고려하지 않는 해석과 안전율은 일치하였다.

  • PDF

Synthesis of Two Dimensional Polymer Network (이차원 구조를 갖는 고분자의 합성)

  • Shin, Jae Sup
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.9 no.5
    • /
    • pp.763-767
    • /
    • 1998
  • Cholesterol-containing surfactant was synthesized, and it was sonicated with monomer [tetradeca(ethylene glycol) diacrylate] in water to from a vesicle solution. This vesicle solution was dried to construct a membrane which had a molecular multilayer structure. The monomer which stay in this membrane was polymerized with photoinitiation, and then surfactant was extracted by organic solvent. The physical properties of the two dimensional polymer network were measured, and these physical properties are tensile strength, elongation, and swelling.

  • PDF

Effect of Vortex Generator in Intake Pipe on the Moisture Concentration Distributions and Combustion Performance in a CI Engine (흡기관내 와류생성기가 압축착화엔진의 수분 농도 분포 및 연소성능 향상에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Seok Hoon;Suh, Hyun Kyu
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.169-174
    • /
    • 2018
  • In this work, optimization of blade shape for the improvement of mixture formation and vortex of intake port was performed by numerically, and the combustion performance of CI engine with optimized blade shape was investigated. To achieve this, 3 types of blade shape were studied under the different air flow mass conditions and the numerical results were investigated in terms of humidification water, moisture concentration, and velocity distributions. Evaporated liquid mass was also compared under various test conditions to reveal the turbulent intensity in an intake port. It was observed that the optimized blade shape can improve the humidification water, moisture concentration, and velocity distributions of intake port inside. The evaporated liquid mass was also increased under the conditions with blade. Especially, low NOx emissions was observed with optimized blade condition.

Studies on the Consumptine Use of Irrigated Water in Paddy Fields During the Growing of Rice Plants(III) (벼생유기간중의 논에서의 분석소비에 관한 연구(II))

  • 민병섭
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.11 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1775-1782
    • /
    • 1969
  • The results of the study on the consumptine use of irrigated water in paddy fields during the growing season of rice plants are summarized as follows. 1. Transpiration and evaporation from water surface. 1) Amount of transpiration of rice plant increases gradually after transplantation and suddenly increases in the head swelling period and reaches the peak between the end of the head swelling poriod and early period of heading and flowering. (the sixth period for early maturing variety, the seventh period for medium or late maturing varieties), then it decreases gradually after that, for early, medium and late maturing varieties. 2) In the transpiration of rice plants there is hardly any difference among varieties up to the fifth period, but the early maturing variety is the most vigorous in the sixth period, and the late maturing variety is more vigorous than others continuously after the seventh period. 3) The amount of transpiration of the sixth period for early maturing variety of the seventh period for medium and late maturing variety in which transpiration is the most vigorous, is 15% or 16% of the total amount of transpiration through all periods. 4) Transpiration of rice plants must be determined by using transpiration intensity as the standard coefficient of computation of amount of transpiration, because it originates in the physiological action.(Table 7) 5) Transpiration ratio of rice plants is approximately 450 to 480 6) Equations which are able to compute amount of transpiration of each variety up th the heading-flowering peried, in which the amount of transpiration of rice plants is the maximum in this study are as follows: Early maturing variety ; Y=0.658+1.088X Medium maturing variety ; Y=0.780+1.050X Late maturing variety ; Y=0.646+1.091X Y=amount of transpiration ; X=number of period. 7) As we know from figure 1 and 2, correlation between the amount evaporation from water surface in paddy fields and amount of transpiration shows high negative. 8) It is possible to calculate the amount of evaporation from the water surface in the paddy field for varieties used in this study on the base of ratio of it to amount of evaporation by atmometer(Table 11) and Table 10. Also the amount of evaporation from the water surface in the paddy field is to be computed by the following equations until the period in which it is the minimum quantity the sixth period for early maturing variety and the seventh period for medium or late maturing varieties. Early maturing variety ; Y=4.67-0.58X Medium maturing variety ; Y=4.70-0.59X Late maturing variety ; Y=4.71-0.59X Y=amount of evaporation from water surface in the paddy field X=number of period. 9) Changes in the amount of evapo-transpiration of each growing period have the same tendency as transpiration, and the maximum quantity of early maturing variety is in the sixth period and medium or late maturing varieties are in the seventh period. 10) The amount of evapo-transpiration can be calculated on the base of the evapo-transpiration intensity (Table 14) and Tablet 12, for varieties used in this study. Also, it is possible to compute it according to the following equations with in the period of maximum quantity. Early maturing variety ; Y=5.36+0.503X Medium maturing variety ; Y=5.41+0.456X Late maturing variety ; Y=5.80+0.494X Y=amount of evapo-transpiration. X=number of period. 11) Ratios of the total amount of evapo-transpiration to the total amount of evaporation by atmometer through all growing periods, are 1.23 for early maturing variety, 1.25 for medium maturing variety, 1.27 for late maturing variety, respectively. 12) Only air temperature shows high correlation in relation between amount of evapo-transpiration and climatic conditions from the viewpoint of Korean climatic conditions through all growing periods of rice plants. 2. Amount of percolation 1) The amount of percolation for computation of planning water requirment ought to depend on water holding dates. 3. Available rainfall 1) The available rainfall and its coefficient of each period during the growing season of paddy fields are shown in Table 8. 2) The ratio (available coefficient) of available rainfall to the amount of rainfall during the growing season of paddy fields seems to be from 65% to 75% as the standard in Korea. 3) Available rainfall during the growing season of paddy fields in the common year is estimated to be about 550 millimeters. 4. Effects to be influenced upon percolation by transpiration of rice plants. 1) The stronger absorbtive action is, the more the amount of percolation decreases, because absorbtive action of rice plant roots influence upon percolation(Table 21, Table 22) 2) In case of planting of rice plants, there are several entirely different changes in the amount of percolation in the forenoon, at night and in the afternoon during the growing season, that is, is the morning and at night, the amount of percolation increases gradually after transplantation to the peak in the end of July or the early part of August (wast or soil temperature is the highest), and it decreases gradually after that, neverthless, in the afternoon, it decreases gradually after transplantation to be at the minimum in the middle of August, and it increases gradually after that. 3) In spite of the increasing amount of transpiration, the amount of daytime percolation decreases gadually after transplantation and appears to suddenly decrease about head swelling dates or heading-flowering period, but it begins to increase suddenly at the end of August again. 4) Changs of amount of percolation during all growing periods show some variable phenomena, that is, amount of percolation decreases after the end of July, and it increases in end August again, also it decreases after that once more. This phenomena may be influenced complexly from water or soil temperature(night time and forenoon) as absorbtive action of rice plant roots. 5) Correlation between the amount of daytime percolation and the amount of transpiration shows high negative, amount of night percolation is influenced by water or soil temperature, but there is little no influence by transpiration. It is estimated that the amount of a daily percolation is more influenced by of other causes than transpiration. 6) Correlation between the amount of night percoe, lation and water or soil temp tureshows high positive, but there is not any correlation between the amount of forenoon percolation or afternoon percolation and water of soil temperature. 7) There is high positive correlation which is r=+0.8382 between the amount of daily percolation of planting pot of rice plant and amount and amount of daily percolation of non-planting pot. 8) The total amount of percolation through all growin. periods of rice plants may be influenced more from specific permeability of soil, water of soil temperature, and otheres than transpiration of rice plants.

  • PDF

A Feasibility Study on the Polymer Solidification of Evaporator Concentrated Wastes (폐액증발기 농축폐액 폴리머고화 타당성 연구)

  • Yang, Ho-Yeon;Kim, Ju-Youl
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
    • /
    • v.5 no.4
    • /
    • pp.297-308
    • /
    • 2007
  • The granulation equipment of concentrated wastes is manufactured for the polymer solidification of concentrated wastes. It uses liquid sodium silicate as a granulating agent for the granulating of dried powder containing boric acid. The granulating agent is sprayed in the form of droplet and mean size of dried granules is $2{\sim}4mm$. The new technology which has been used for the polymer solidification of spent resin in U.S. and certified by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is successfully applied to concentrated wastes. This uses in-situ solidification process within drum without mechanical mixing. Maximum loading of waste can be achieved without increasing of waste volume. Polymer waste forms were evaluated with several test such as fire test, compressive strength test, leaching test, immersion test, irradiation test, and thermal cycling test according to standard test procedures.

  • PDF