• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health state, oral health awareness and oral health behavior of middle school students in a bid to raise concerns about oral health problems in a local community and help ensure the efficiency of oral health programs. The subjects in this study were 662 seventh graders in 14 different middle schools located in the city of Hwaseong. The findings of the study were as follows: Frist, In terms of indices related to dental caries, DMFT index numbered 2.0. Secondly, as to subjective oral health state, 22 percent of the boys and 10.9 percent of the girls found their own oral cavity to be healthy, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant different(p=.000). Thirdly, in regard to tooth-related habits, the girls brushed their teeth more often than the boys(p=.000). Fourthly, for snack-intake habits, the largest number of the boys ate between meals once(42.1%), and the second largest group of them did it two or three times(31.3%). Fifthly, regarding how they felt about dental treatment, the greatest number of the boys and girls replied there's nothing special when they were asked about their mood in case of seeing a dentist next day. The second largest group answered they would get a little nervous. As to mood while waiting for treatment, the greatest number of the boys and girls answered they would get a little nervous. In regard to mood while lying on a dental chair, the largest group replied they would be nervous. Concerning mood while lying on a dental chair for scaling, most of them answered they would get nervous.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.420-436
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• 1996

The goal of this study is to explore different risk factors for smoking and look at the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding smoking among schoolchildren, in order to reduce teenage smoking. To achieve this goal a self-administered questionaire regarding smoking was provided to schoolchildren in the 7th and 8th grades in one junior high school in Jerusalem. The schoolchildren were exposed to 10-12 hours of a smoking prevention intervention program. The questionaire focused primarily on the personal characteristics, social environment, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and behavioral intentions of the children. Crosstabs were performed on each variable to determine if significant associations exist among the different variables. The statistical computer, package, SPSS PC, was used to manipulate the data along with Chi-square test. The findings were as follows : About 11% of the children aged 12-14 have ever smoked or are smoking currently, and about 24.0% of those who ever smoked started smoking at the age of 10. Boys smoke more(p<.01), poorer students(by self-perception of school performance) smoke more, and those who had peers who were smokers were more likely to smoke(p<.05). The percentage of the children who reported that either father or mother smoked was about 30%, but no statistical association was found between parental smoking and children's smoking, although trends were noted in the expected direction, i.e. more smokers among children of smokers. Only 1.1% of the children intended to smoke in the future, and 98.0% of the children indicated that they can or they might be able to withstand social pressure. Seventy percent of the children demonstrated medium to high knowledge about smoking, Males, 8th graders, better students, and those without friends who smoke had higher social pressure showed more negative attitudes(p<.01). Those with non-smoking siblings showed more negative behavioral intentions regarding smoking(p<.01), and better students showed more negative behavioral intentions. Those who had higher knowledge scores showed more negative attitudes towards smoking, but not significantly so. Those who had very negative behavioral intentions showed highly significant negative attitudes towards smoking(p<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2000

Objects：This study was designed for studying of current Korean adolescents computer game playing habits and exploring associations with parental rearing patterns and individual psychopathology. Methods：One hundred twenty four adolescents(age 13-15) who reside in urban area completed self-report questionnaires containing Questionnaires designed by authors, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision of Korean Version(SCL-90-R) and Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：1) Computer game playing appears to be one of the social and leisure phenomena in these days. Although Adolescents spend a lot of times on computer game, Many of them perceive not problematic. 2) Compared with females, Male play computer games more regularly, more longer, spent more times in gamebang. 3) There was positive relationship between anxiety subscale in SCL-90-R and detrimental effects of computer game. 4) There was positive relationship between game frequency and maternal overprotection. 5) The main reasons for playing are 'for an avoidance of stressful life events', academic burden was the most troublesome issues in korean adolescents. 6) Many adolescents use gamebang as a social place, but they thought that gamebang is not good places to have a good time. Conclusion：This papers shows that computer game playing is a popular social leisure activity in Korean adolescents. And, Most of korean adolescents reported that they are suffered from pressure of academic achievements. They use computer game mainly by means of relieving academic pressures. In a heavy game users who have many conflicts with parents, teacher and who has frequent truancy and social withdrawal show significant anxiety. Maternal overprotection was observed in heavy game users. Authors recommended that clinicians should be careful in examining heavy computer game behaviors. Both underlying affective states and environmental influences, including family situations should be vicariously examined.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop items to measure scientific core competency based on statements of scientific core competencies presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum and to identify the validity and reliability of the newly developed items. Based on the explanations of scientific reasoning, scientific inquiry ability, scientific problem-solving ability, scientific communication ability, participation/lifelong learning in science presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum, 25 items were developed by five science education experts. To explore the validity and reliability of the developed items, data were collected from 11,348 students in elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. The content validity, substantive validity, the internal structure validity, and generalization validity proposed by Messick (1995) were examined by various statistical tests. The results of the MNSQ analysis showed that there were no nonconformity in the 25 items. The confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation modeling revealed that the five-factor model was a suitable model. The differential item functioning analyses by gender and school level revealed that the nonconformity DIF value was found in only two out of 175 cases. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance by gender and school level showed significant differences of test scores between schools and genders, and the interaction effect was also significant. The assessment items of science core competency based on the 2015 revised national science curriculum are valid from a psychometric point of view and can be used in the science education field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between sanitary knowledge score and sanitary management performance among school foodservice employees. For this purpose, a paper-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 school foodservice employees in Jinhae-gu, Changwon from May 13 to June 10 in 2009. A total of 276 responses were received and analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. The sanitary knowledge score of school foodservice employees was 16.60 (total score: 20). Their sanitary management performance level was 4.77 (based on a 5-point Likert scale). We found that sanitary management performance level of high sanitary knowledge score group was significantly higher than that of low sanitary knowledge score group (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between sanitary knowledge score and sanitary management performance of school foodservice employees (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that sanitary knowledge score of school foodservice employees had a positive effect on sanitary management performance (P<0.001). It implies that as school foodservice employees' sanitary knowledge increased, their sanitary management performance increased. In conclusion, to improve the sanitary quality of school foodservice, school foodservice employees' sanitary management performance level should be increased by improving their sanitary knowledge. So, a systematic and consistent sanitary education program should be conducted for school foodservice employees.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 1994

A survey was carried out in Seoul Metropolitan area during December of 1993 and January of 1994. The objective of the survey was to provide a useful information for the development and improvement of recycling policies, regulations and systems in Korea. Of the 782 individuals contacted, 473 individuals completed and retured surveys, of which 437 were usable. The results were analyzed using a statistical package SAS(Statistical Analysis System). The results indicated that 86% of apartment area has recycling bins, while only 33% of individual house(detached dwelling) area has those. About half of the respondents felt that food waste is the major source of household waste. The most serious problem to recycle more household waste is to provide space to store recyclables at the source. The majority of Seoul Metropolitans(78.5%) are willing to participate in recycling programs, while 14.4% want to participate only when there are economic incentives or benefits. Respondents who want economic incentives appeared to be low income people. 66.1% of total respondents said that they do not use disposables. However, only 53,0% among respondents under 30 years old answered they do not use disposables. People who graduated from middle high school only and are under 30 years old have tendency to dispose of used milk cartons without rincing and drying, while those who are over 40 years old and graduated from university prefered to rinse and dry used milk cartons before disposal. Regarding disposal of newspapers, only 43.9% of the total respondents separated newspaper from other types of used paper. In the case of alumium cans, 22.5% of the total respondents answered that used aluminum cans are not recyclables. Much higher portion (30. 4%) of the respondents who graduated from middle high school only felt that aluminum cans have no value to recycle. The results indicated that education and information regarding recycling are highly desirable.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.47-61
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• 2013

This study is aimed to find correlation between benefits of pursuing clothes and the attitude towards wearing school uniform, as well as the effects that wearing attitude has on the satisfaction. This research is carried out by investigating and researching into middle and high school students around capital regions in the hopes of enhancing their satisfaction to their uniforms and their desire for self-expression, resulting in a positive notion to uniforms being settled in among the students. In the regards of benefits of pursuing clothes, female students are highly pursuing individual characteristics, aesthetics, and economy all depending on the demographic factors. It is notable that students in Seoul are pursuing those elements more strongly than those in Gyeonggi-do. As for the attitude towards wearing school uniforms, the safety weighs a lot among female students. Meanwhile, those in Gyeonggi-do were more inclined to economy as they prefer wearing uniform more often than not. Students who are pursuing individual characteristics and aesthetics are less likely to pursue economy, whereas those who are pursuing practicality are pursuing better economy. Those in favor of economy, meanwhile, are pursuing aesthetics, safety, as well as economy. When it comes to the attitude towards wearing school uniforms, the result showed that it is more likely for those who are considering aesthetics, safety, and economy to be satisfied with the aesthetics, practicality, and the convenience aspects of school uniforms.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.81-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of clothing & textiles as educational contents in practical arts or technology home economics in the 7th curriculum. The factors of appropriateness were the amounts of learning, the degrees of understanding, interest and requirement on the educational content recognized by elementary, middle and high school students. The data collected from evaluation sheets were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, crossing analysis using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. Results were as follows; First. more than 50% of elementary, middle and high school students were recognized the amounts of tearing of clothing & textiles proper. But boy students of middle school recognized 'making clothes' in practice course too heavy. Second. It were from easy to difficult that the degrees of understanding on the educational contents of clothing & textiles recognized by elementary school students. Elementary school students understood both 'making cushion' and 'sewing machine theory and practice' difficult. Middle school students understood 'basic sewing for repairing clothes' and 'making clothes' difficult whereas high school students thought 'making pillow' and 'making bag' difficult. All students understood practice courses hard. Third, the degrees of interest showed from 'interest' level to 'not interest' level in case of elementary school students whereas 'interest' level in middle school students and 'common' in high school students. Fourth, the requirements of elementary, middle and high school students were in 'necessary' level to 'common' level. Editional contents such as 'learning sewing machine', 'making cushions'. 'making clothes', and 'making pillow-cover and bag' were low in the degrees of requirement. The correlationship between the amount of learning and the each level of understand, interest and requirement of students was indirect. On the other hand, Among the level of understand, interest and requirement were direct in case of high school students.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among adolescents and their smoking-related oral health knowledge. The subjects in this study were the teens who were selected by convenience sampling from among the students who were in their first, second and third years in four different middle schools in the city of Iksan, North Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted from June 14 to July 12, 2011, and the answer sheets from 1,219 respondents were selected for analysis. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package 12.0, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. The smoker students accounted for 10.6 percent. The boys and girls who smoked respectively represented 16.0 and 5.4 percent. 2. As for the period of smoking, the largest group that accounted for 51.6 percent smoked for less than a year. Concerning the amount of daily smoking, the greatest group that accounted for 91.9 percent smoked less than 10 cigarettes. As to the motivation of smoking, the biggest group that represented 52.8 percent started to smoke out of curiosity. 3. Regarding smoking-related oral health knowledge, they got a mean of 0.85. Their scores in knowledge of oral malodor(0.95), oral cavity cancer(0.94) and periodontal diseases(0.93) were above the average, and their scores in knowledge of dental caries(0.70) and blunting of taste(0.77) were below the average. 4. The seventh graders got the best score of 5.28 in smoking-related oral health knowledge(p<0.01), and the students who were more satisfied with their life had a better oral health knowledge(p<0.05). 5. The senior students were more dependent on nicotine(p<0.01), and the number of smoking days(${\beta}=0.407$, p<0.001) and the period of smoking(${\beta}=0.235$, p<0.01) affected their nicotine dependence.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.217-223
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• 1988

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of scoliosis in elementary, middle and high school boys in May 1988. The study population included 1,393 male students in Pusan ; 463 students of 4th grade in two elementary schools, 543 students of 1st grade in one middle school and 387 students of 1st grade in one high school. The students of elementary school were screened with inspection by two physicians at the same time and the students of middle and high schools were screened with both inspection by the same physicians and 70mm chest X-ray. Positive students in any one of the two screening tests were measured for height and body weight and asked for the shoulder side on which he carries the school bag. The angle of curvature on X-ray film was measured by Cobb's method. The number of positive students in any one of the two screening tests were 15(3.2%) in elementary schools, 174(32.0%) in middle school and 92(23.8%) in high school. However, positive rates in both tests were only 2.2% for the middle school students and 2.6% for the high school students and among these students 1.1% out of total middle school students and 2.3% of high school students had a curvature equal to or greater than $5^{\circ}$ of Cobb's angle on 70mm chest X-ray film. There was a statistically significant association between the direction of spinal curve and the shoulder side on which one carries school bag among positive students in both screening 1.sts (p<0.05) Mean height and body weight of 281 positive students in any one of two screening tests were compared with the Korean standard for the same age. Mean weight of elementary school students was nearly the same as the standard weight but the height was slightly shorter than the standard. However, both mean height and weight of the middle school students were lower than the standard while those of the high school students were higher. The prevalence rate of scoliosis for the 2nd and 3rd grades of high school is presumed to be higher than that of the 1st grade of high school and the rate for girls will be even higher than the rate for boys of the same age. Thus, scoliosis seems to be an important school health problem. To prevent scoliosis, it is recommeded to reduce the weight of school bag, educate the students to keep a right posture and exercise periodically.