• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.216-246
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• 1997

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.67-86
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• 2014

The commercial arbitration is considered an effective and rapid means in solving problems and finding solutions for disputes between the business partners. For the development of commercial arbitration, there is a need to study arbitration in practice as well as in theory. This paper analyse the situation of commercial arbitration system in Pakistan both with respect to domestic laws and international laws applicable in Pakistan. The Arbitration Bill 2009 aims to consolidate law relating domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as well as settlement of international investment disputes. Pakistan while defending investment claims and in order to restore investor's confidence, in 2011, Pakistan introduced a law to secure foreign investments. This study explains the relationship of old and new Pakistani arbitration laws and elaborates the changes brought about by the new enactments and gives a comprehensive analysis of Pakistani arbitration laws, rules and procedures dealing with arbitration agreements and awards. In the absence of relevant trade information in Pakistan, this paper is designed to meet the needs of a Korean international trade scholars to obtain an understanding of Pakistani commercial arbitration system quickly.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.93-111
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• 1996

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.185-215
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• 1997

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-134
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• 2016

International arbitration is the important field of applying CISG and the backbone of uniform law developed by CISG. Now CIETAC tribunals like courts of contracting states apply CISG precisely, which is beneficial to improving the quality and the credit of arbitral cases. Arbitration has the characters of independence and the non-government. the legal foundation of arbitral tribunal's applying CISG are the national arbitral law, the applicable arbitral procedures and usages of arbitration, not for performing international obligations under the CISG. CIETAC mainly use China Contract Law and CISG over the cases of sale of goods. Because of no provisions on recovery of differential price loss (equal to article 75 and 76 of CISG) Chinese tribunals have more discretion in determining the sum of damages under the China Contract Law. Applying China Contract Law may not beneficial to aggrieved party.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 2018

"중재제도를 보완하고 중재의 공신력을 향상하며" 국제상사중재의 현대화 및 국제화를 강화하는 것은 새로운 시기에서 중국 중재사업의 발전방향이자 ""일대일로" 국제상사분쟁 해결시스템 및 기관의 설립에 관한 의견"의 필연적 요구이다. 다원적 분쟁해결시스템의 중요한 구성부분으로서, 국제상사중재는 독보적인 편의성, 종국성, 전문성 및 결과집행의 용이성 등 여러 장점으로 인해 상사거래에서 이를 선택하는 상사주체들이 점점 많아지고 있다. 유효한 중재합의는 중재절차 개시의 전제이지만 국제상사중재안건 중에서 서로 다른 국가 또는 지역의 분쟁주체들은 종종 각기 다른 국적으로 인하여 중재안건의 법률적용이 다르게 됨에 따라 법률효과가 크게 달라지는 경우를 직면하게 된다. 이런 경우, 중재분쟁의 효과적인 해결은 보증하기 어렵다. 본 논고는 중재합의의 효력문제를 연구대상으로 하고 중국 국제상사중재합의의 법률적용문제에서 출발하여 중국 국제상사중재합의와 관련한 법률규정과 사법실무를 결합하여 지금 중국 국제상사중재합의의 효력에 대한 인정에서 존재하고 있는 문제점들을 분석하고 상응한 건의를 제기함으로서 중국 중재법의 개정과 보완에 합리적이고 가능한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.37-67
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• 2023

Arbitration is a just and efficient method for resolving economic disputes. It adapts to the needs of economic development and is an important institution in today's society. Around the world, a tradition of resolving disputes through arbitration spontaneously developed in ancient times and gradually evolved into a legal system with the development of jurisprudence starting from the Middle Ages. In China, formal legislation on arbitration began in the modern era during the Republic of China period. However, the origins of arbitration as a method for resolving disputes can be traced back to ancient times, during the Qin and Han dynasties. The most significant modern arbitration legislation in China is the "Arbitration Law" enacted in 1995, which drew on the experiences of foreign arbitration laws. Despite this, there are still many areas in arbitration legislation that require improvement based on practical experiences. Currently, revisions to the Arbitration Law are underway, and historical experiences may offer valuable insights, assisting in better integrating the Arbitration Law with Chinese society. This article primarily focuses on the role and impact of the imported modern commercial arbitration system in China and how it can be harmonized with China's legal culture in the future.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.85-112
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• 2005

The purposes of this paper are to investigate how deeply the courts in Korea and the U.S. are involved in the enforcement process of the arbitral award. The extent of judicial review of arbitral award and the procedures to execute the arbitral award were explored and compared in each of the countries. In Korea the winning party should file a suit for enforcement judgement to execute the arbitral award, while the winning party in the U.S. should file an application for motion. Such difference in the execution process between Korea and the U.S. may be led to a higher burden on the Korean winning party in the execution process due to the complexity and instability during the new litigation for enforcement judgement. In addition, the Korean Arbitration Act does not grant any authority for the court to intervene with the substantive matters in the arbitral award, while in the U.S. the Common Law allows the court to vacate the arbitral ward when the arbitral award is entered with the manifest disregard of the law by the arbitral tribunal. It would be more practical for the court to supplementarily intervene with the arbitral award which obviously hurts the legal interest of the arbitral parties.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.139-160
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how governments determine interim measures based on relevant case studies. In most countries, the arbitral tribunal will recognize the interim measures, but china still recognizes the court's own authority. This is inconsistent with international trend. Although the Arbitration Act and the Civil Procedure Act were amended in 2017, but there is no consistency between these laws and arbitration rules for interim measures. Therefore, this paper analyzes the attitude of the Chinese government to interim measures and suggests practical implications for international arbitration dispute resolutions. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of temporary measures and timely use in China can play an important role in protecting the rights of Korean companies in commercial arbitration.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2017

This paper reviews and analyzes the U.S. cases and statutes on the writing requirements of arbitration agreement. In order to discuss the legal aspects of writing requirement on arbitration agreement in the U.S., it is necessary to delve into both the contractual aspects of arbitration agreement and statutory specifications of the writing requirements of arbitration agreement. Statute of frauds and parole evidence rule were reviewed and employed to find legal implications on the writing requirement of arbitration agreement. Relevant cases were analyzed to verify how the courts have been responded to the conflicts regarding the validity of the arbitration contract with respect to writing requirement. International treaties absorbed into the U.S legal system were also reviewed and commented to analyze their implications on the writing requirement of arbitration agreement, including the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law and the New York Convention.