• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1988

Fifty patients with residual, unresectable or recurrent rectal cancer were treated with external irradiation using a 6-MV linear accelerator at the Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College during the period of April 1983 to December 1987. This paper describes the results of a retrospective analysis of the results of external irradiation for the residual, unresectable and recurrent rectal cancer in 46 patients. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 46 patients, $18 (39\%)$ presented with unresectable primary lesions and $28 (61\%)$ with residual or recurrent rectal cancer. In $93\%$, the pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Resonse to irradiation was observed in $22 (73\%)$ out of 30 patients who were treated for pain, $12 (86\%)$ out of 14 patients who were treated for mass, and $17 (77\%)$ out of 22 patients who were treated for bloody discharge. The actuarial postoperative 2-year and 3-year survival rates in recurrent and unresectable patients were $43\%$ and $22\%$, respectively. However, the post-RT 2-year survival rate was $13\% (6/46)$.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.619-624
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• 2009

Pyknodysostosis(PKND) is a rare sclerosing bone disorder that has an autosomal recessive trait, also known as Toulouse-Lautrec syndrome. Deficiency of the cathepsin enzyme K in the osteoclasts of PKND patients results in continuous endosteal bone deposits without osteoclastic resorption or remodeling. This causes a generalized increase in sclerosis and fragility of bones. Osteomyelitis in the mandible and recurrent fracture of the long bones are characteristic complicatons of PKND. The patients present typical features of PKND, such as short stature under 150 cm, open cranial suture and fontanelle, club-shaped phalanges, and underdevelopment of midface. This is a case of a 7-year-old girl with PKND, who visited our clinic with the chief complaint of anterior Open-bite and generalized crowding. The patient had been diagnosed as PKND by an orthopedist and manifested characteristic clinical and radiographic features, such as open cranial suture and fontanelle, obtuse madibular gonial angle, frontal and occipital bossing, grooved palate, club-shaped phalanges, and short stature. Orthodontic treatment was not considered because patients with PKND show abnormal bone resorption and remodeling. Instead, removal of deciduous teeth near exfoliation and TFA were performed, and periodic check-up is planned to maintain good oral hygiene.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1991

Both long period of summer drought and unusual high water temperature in 1988 caused the harmfull effect to the aquacultural organisms in south coast of Korea. One of those was the mass mortality of arkshell seedlings in Jinhae Bay. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of environmental factors on arkshell seedlings by investigating not only water quality and food organisms in culturing grounds, but also meteorological conditions. Water temperature in November was higher at $2.0^{\circ}C$ than mean water temperature and the concentration of total inorganic nitrogen and N/P ratio were $0.38{\mu}g-at/l,$ 0.98, respectively which indicated the exhaustion of nutrients, especially nitrogen in the study area. In analysis of phytoplankton population structure, species diversity index(H) , equitability-index(e), species richness $index(d_1)$ were low, but dominance $index({\delta}_2)$ was high at the value of 98.4 and dominant species was Nitzschia pungens. In conclusion, it seems that mass .mortality of arkshell seedlings in November was resulted from the metabolism disorder with poor food organism under the unstable marine environment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1970

The results of this work concerning the growth of the mussel, Mytilus edulis cultured by the hanging method in Koje Bay are as follows: The major spawning time is confined to the period from March to April. The mean growth of the mussel is indicated by the following formula; $$Y\;=\;1.508+0.659X-0.0559X^{2}+0.00367X^3$$ The major growing seasons are June and October The variance varied in proportion to the growth of the mussel, and each ranged, in shell height, from $1.25\~2.75\;to\;2.25\~4.25$ (mean:1.60 to 2.78)cm, $2.25\~5.25(3.00)cm,\;2.25\~7.75(4.83)cm,\;2.25\~7.75(5.05)cm\;and\;2.25\~8.25(5.95)cm$, and the variance were $0.278\~0.230$, 0.368, 0.701, 1.053 and 1.209, respectively. On the other hand, the variances differed in proportion to the growth of the mussel. The average length of the mussel life was about eighteen months. The mussels growing on the hanging line for arrestation undergo seasonal vicissitudes, and the mussels which fall off, mass into countless numbers during the period from August to October and finally disappear completely in November. The dimensions of the largest mussel are as follows: The shell height : 9.48cm The shell length: 4.49cm The shell breath : 3.55cm The shell weight : 22.05g The weight of the soft parts 19.25g The relative growth of the mussel is indicated as follows: Relationship between the shell height and the shell length: Y =0.486X+0.334 Relationship between the shell height and the shell breadth: Y = 0.359X+0.107 Relationship between the weight of the soft part and the shell weight: Y = 0.882X+0.901 Relationship between the shell height and the weight of the soft part: $$Y\;=\;0.02828X^{2.90518}$$

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.313-322
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• 2011

The floral wall of Lee Sang-beom's House and Atelier, which is No. 171 of the Registrated Cultural Heritage was conserved. In addition, materials characteristics and manufacturing technique have revealed through the scientific analysis. As a result of the analysis, samples were divided into three sections; the support layer that is made from block bricks, the paint layer and the cement mortar layer on the paint layer for the reinforcement of the construction. The higher layer lies, the finer grains it has. Furthermore, a little it was generated a small quantity of pores and calcium carbonates ($CaCO_3$) generated due to aeration of cement mortar. The patterns of letters, animals and plants pattern were expressed in the paint layer by relief and openwork. The results of qualitative analysis of the pigments of the paint layer were detected components of carbon black (C), Fe oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) and oyster shell white ($CaCO_3$, or quicklime). On the other hands, as the conservation of the floral wall, stainless frames were set up for the structural stability, the cement mortar were removed from the surface and the partly damaged and cracked areas were filled with KSE Filler A, B.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2001

This study was designed to determine the effects of Protaetia Orientalis larva (Gory et Perchlon) on the in vivo lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats with the administration of carbon tetrachloride to induce damage in the liver. At the end of 8th week, serum levels of GOP and GPT, hepatic cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined. In addition, activities of antioxidative enzymes were also determined. The administration of carbon tetrachloride resulted in increase of serum GOT and GPT, liver triglyceride and total cholesterol. On the other hand, those fed in combination with carbon tetrachloride and Protaetia Orientalis larva decreased those lipid parameters . Carbon tetrachloride feeding resulted in decrease of liver phospholipid, whereas that of the rat fed in combination with carbon tetrachloride and Protaetia Orientalis larva was increased. In antioxidative defense system, carbon tetrachloride led to a significant decrease in activities of catalase, total SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD and glutathione-S-transferase. However, those activities of the rat fed in combination with carbon tetrachloride and Protaetia Orientalis larva was significantly increased. Hepatocytes of carbon tetrachloride administered rats showed increased lipid droplets and micro-filaments. However, those of the rat fed in combination with carbon tetrachloride and Protaetia Orientalis larva were reduced in the number and the size.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.323-330
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic validity of early proximal caries lesions using laser fluorescence and whether the detection could be enhanced using a fluorescent dye. Direct visual examination and bitewing radiograph were used for comparison. The subjects of this study were 30 children of $3{\sim}9$ years old. Laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence(mixed wavelength of 488 and 514 nm) were used and viewed through glasses(excluding wavelength<520 nm). For dye-enhanced laser fluorescence a 0.075% sodium fluorescein dye was applied before examination. Proximal caries lesion of each subject was assessed using visual examination, bitewing radiograph, laser fluorescence, and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence. The results in the three detection methods were compared to the assessment of bitewing radiograph. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was highly correlation(r=0.725-0.911) between the bitewing radiograph and all three detection methods(p<0.05) 2. The reproducibility(kappa value) of the visual examination, laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence comparing with bitewing radiograph of proximal caries was 0.451, 0.683, 0.772, respectively. There was highest correlation between dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and bitewing radiograph for detection of proximal caries. The results from this study indicated that the dye-enhanced laser fluorescence considered to be accurate and reliable method in detecting proximal caries.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2013

Design provisions for the development length of headed bars in ACI 318-08 include concrete compressive strength and yield strength of headed bars as design parameters but do not consider the effects of transvers reinforcement. In addition, they have very strict limitation for clear spacing and material strengths because these provisions were developed based on limited tests. In this study, splice tests using SD600 headed bars with $2d_b$ clear spacing and transverse reinforcement were conducted. Test results show that unconfined specimens failed due to prying action and bottom cover concrete prematurely spalled. The contribution of head bearing on the anchorage strength is only 15% on average implying that unconfined specimens failed before the head bearing was not sufficiently developed. Confined specimens with stirrups placed along whole splice length have enhanced strengths in bearing as well as bond because the stirrups prevented prying action and improved bond capacity. Bond failure occurred in locally confined specimens where stirrups were placed only at the ends of splice length. The stirrups at ends of splice lengths can prevent prying action but the bond capacity did not increase. From regression analysis of test results, an equation to predict anchorage strength of headed bars was developed. The proposed equation consists of bond and bearing contributions and includes transverse reinforcement index. The average ratio of tests to predictions is 1.0 with coefficient of variation of 6%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

In case of Korea highways, about 60% of highways are paved by concrete and more than 50% of them were repaired due to reduction in required performance such as damage in pave or joint and delamination of cover pavement. However, repairing old material in such structure generally costs a lot of money and induces difficulty in maintenance. Thus, enhanced material for ensuring economic efficiency should be developed. The present study designed concrete mixtures with 3 levels of replacement using OPC (0, 10, 20%) in calcium aluminate cement and to evaluate material performance for load pavement, experimental works for setting time, compressive strength and flexural strength were carried out on those materials. As a result, 20% replacement for OPC was determined as an optimized material in terms of required physical performance and its unit price. Moreover, to determine cost in load pavement economy analysis using a program (CA4PRS) was conducted with widely used paving materials. Result showed that application for 20% replacement for OPC was the most efficient in economical aspect, arising from 4.052 and 1.577 billion won for total construction and user cost, respectively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfoliation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not clearly understood, but it may involve; (1)trauma history, (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth, (3)premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth, and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention. Early treatment may obviate later extraction or transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therapy at the early stage of the mixed dentiton, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.