• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyzes the association between depression, emotional eating, and dietary practices, and investigates the mediating effects of emotional eating between depression and dietary practice. Methods: A total of 345 women aged 40-59 years participated in the Seoul and Gyeonggido region. Assessments were achieved by self-reported questionnaires for emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), Nutrition Quotients (NQ), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Results: Analyzing the NQ scores by considering the depression group, revealed that compared to the normal group, balance, diversity, and eating behavior scores were lower in the depression group, whereas the moderation score was lower in the borderline depression group and depression group. The emotional eating scores were determined to be higher in the depression group than in the normal group. Partial correlation analysis between depression, emotional eating, and NQ revealed that depression is positively correlated with emotional eating and negatively correlated with all other factors of the nutrition quotient, balance, diversity, moderation, and eating behavior. Among the nutrition quotient factors considered, emotional eating was determined to be negatively correlated with both diversity and moderation. The bootstrapping method was applied to analyze the mediating effect of emotional eating for determining the association between depression and NQ. Results indicate that among the nutrition quotient factors evaluated using emotional eating as a medium, depression exerted a negative effect on moderation. Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that emotional eating, as a medium, affects the intake of unhealthy foods especially when depression is associated with dietary practices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of a self-foot reflexology massage on depression, stress responses and functions of the immune system of middle-aged women, Method: This study was a one group pretest-postlest experimental design and the data was collected from August $1^{st}$ 2004 to May $31^{st}$ 2005. The subjects consisted of 46 middle-aged women (40 - 64 years) who were recruited from the Community Health Center in Busan city. Subjects were not treated for 4 weeks, subsequently they were trained in self foot reflexology massage for 2 weeks, and then they did their own daily for 6weeks (2 days at the research center, 5 days at home).The outcome variables were measured 4 times, at baseline, pre training, after training, and after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA by the SPSS/WIN program. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in depression, perceived stress, systolic blood pressure, natural-killer cells and Ig G. However, there was not a statistically significant difference in dyastolic blood pressure, pulse or serum cortisol. Conclusion: These results suggest that a self-foot reflexology massage could be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to reduce depression and stress responses, and to strengthen immune systems in middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the impact of spiritual wellbeing and social support on the depression among middle-aged women. Descriptive study design was used. Methods: The subjects completed the structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'the Social Support Scale' developed by Park, and 'the CES-D Scale' developed by Radloff. Data were collected from 216 middle aged women in B metropolitan city and J city. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Results: Participants with higher depression had lower scores for spiritual wellbeing (r=-.57, p<.001) and lower scores for social support (r=-.49, p=.011). The influencing factors on depression were spiritual wellbeing, social support, and utilization of spare time. These variables were explained 46% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: The depression of the middle-aged women can be reduced when spiritual wellbeing and social support are improved. Therefore, we suggested to develop nursing intervention programs in order to improve spiritual wellbeing and social support of middle-aged women for reducing their depressions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyse the factor of the Variables that contributed to the depression of middle-aged women. The subjects were 751 Middle-aged women whose age was from 41 to 60. The instruments used in the study were the assessment of depression, the assessment of climacteric symptoms, the assessment of marital satisfaction, the assessment of marital stability, the assessment of ego identity and the questionnaire of demographic variables. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan, pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression. The findings were as follows; (1) According to the job, the level of education, the state of marriage, the subjective level of health, the subjective level of economy, household income, present problem, the level of family-of-original relationship, the age of last child, religion and spouse's occupation there were differences of depression; (2) In the result of the analysis of relationships of depression, the depression was correlated with Climacteric Symptoms positively and with Marital Satisfaction, Marital Stability, and Ego Identity negatively; (3) Predictors of depression of the Middle-aged women ordered climacteric physical, climacteric psychological, marital satisfaction, marital stability, identity moratorium, goal oriented, identity diffusion, initiative. Based on these results, the recommendations for the future research in this area were discussed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This study aimed to find out the factors influencing the fall of middle-aged women aged 40 to 64 and to use it as basic data for the development of a fall prevention program. The study was based on raw data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. To establish the impact of fall experience of middle-aged women, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used. Of the 43,917 people surveyed, 11.9% of middle-aged women said that they had experienced a fall. Falls were more common among women with increasing age or without a spouse. Those who experienced a lot of depression and perceived stress and were diagnosed with diabetes also had a higher fall experience. In the case of drinking, women who drank more than non-drinkers were more likely to fall. The results of this study can lead to a better understanding middle-aged women who have experienced falls, and they can be used as basic data for the development of related health programs.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the depression in middle-aged women. The subjects for this study were 246 middle-aged women in Kangwondo, the northeastern part of Korea. Data were collected from February 22 to April 24, 1999 by a structured questionnaire. The instruments for this study were CES-D (Radloff, 1977), somatic discomfort scale (Wittenborn, 1979), self-esteem scale (Rosenburg, 1971) and life satisfaction Index-Z (Wood et al. 1969). The data were analyzed by SAS/PC+ program using ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Of 246 middle-aged women, 91 women (37%) revealed depression. The percentage of mild, moderate, severe depression were 17.78%, 11.28%, 7.72% respectively. 2. The statistically significant difference in the score of the depression according to the age (F=3.46, p=.0001)was obtained. 3. There were significant differences between depression and somatic discomfort (F=15.71, p=.0001). 4. The significant differences between depression and life satisfaction (F=23.89, p=.0001) was obtained. 5. The data shows the positive correlations between depression and somatic discomfort (r=.4856, p=.0001), between self-esteem and life-satisfaction(r=.2727, p=.0001), but we found negative correlations between depression and self-esteem(r=-4200, p=.0001), between depression and life-satisfaction(r=-.4409, p=.0001), between somatic discomfort and self-esteem(r=-.2275, p=.0015), between somatic discomfort and life-satisfaction(r=-.2695, p=.0002).

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.479-488
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, and depression, and the quality of life in middle aged women. Method: The subjects of this study were 149 women from 40 to 64 years of age. Climacteric symptoms were measured with Neugarton's tool(1965) and depression with Zung's tool. Quality of life was related to self reported climacteric symptoms were education level (F=3.011, p=.035), income measured by Rho's tool(1988). Result: The general characteristic variables significantly level (F=2.670, p=.057), income satisfaction (F=3.413. p=.011), perceived subjective health condition(F=28.623, p=.000). The general characteristic variables significantly related to depression were age(t=-2.476, p=.014), education level (F=4.492, p.013). income satisfaction (F=2.845, p.026), perceived subjective health condition (F = 8.468, p=.000). The general characteristics variables significantly related to quality of life were income level (F= 5.010, p=.000), income satisfaction (F=6.314, p=.000), perceived subjective health condition (F=3.516, p<=.032). menstruation cycles(t=-2.66, p=.023). The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and depression had a statistically a positive correlation (r=.357, p=.000). The relationship between depression and quality of life had a statistically with a negative correlation(r=-.397, p=.000). Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of depression and quality of life in middle aged women. Therefore, health programs for prompting climacteric women´s health should be a planned based on results of the study.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Middle-aged women experience physical and mental changes along with the loss of femininity, and they feel psychologically empty according as their child's growth and independence reduces the role of care and parenting. These women understand the sense of loss and emptiness caused of their role reduction as an opportunity to maintain their values and beliefs for their leisure life. Accordingly, middle-aged women overcome negative emotions facing in the middle-aged such as depression or empty mind, and establish self-esteem and social support in recognizing it as an opportunity for building relationship and self-realization in social relations, which come through human to human communication by doing craft activities. In this study, in order to analyze the effect of the experience factor of craft activity to self-esteem and social support for middle-aged women, we set up a research model with the experience factor of craft activity as an independent variable and self-esteem and social support as dependent variables. As a result of the study, educational experiences, recreational experiences, and deviant experiences had a meaningful effect on self-esteem, but aesthetic experiences did not have meaningful effect. And, recreational experiences and aesthetic experiences had a meaningful effect on social support, but educational experiences and deviant experiences did not have meaningful effect on social support. Therefore, the institutional system for craft experiences, that can provide content of environmental characteristics for aesthetic factor and visual elements are required. It influences to the change of senses and emotions of middle-aged women. Also, there are limitations that this study did not consider factors of ultimate life changes through craft activities. Thus this study suggests development of new model for variables of wellbeing-related matters.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.257
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• pp.68-69
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• 2011

인체가 성숙기에서 노년기로 접어드는 시기에 찾아오는 두 번째 사춘기 '갱년기', 여성의 경우 생식 기능이 없어지고 월경이 정지되면서 신체의 작용에 여러 가지 장애가 나타난다. 화끈거리는 얼굴, 신경과민과 심한 감정 변화 등 내 몸에 찾아오는 이상.변화가 두렵기 마련이다. 그러나 최근 평균 수명이 80세에 가까워지면서 갱년기를 기준으로 제2의 인생을 설계하고 있다. 갱년기극복으로 폐경과 함께 잃어버린 여성으로서의 상실감과 자신감을 되찾아 보자.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.570-582
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors such as self-esteem, depression, anger expression and social support that affect the health promoting lifestyle in middle-aged women. Number of middle-aged women participated in the survey were 150. Data were collected by means of self reported questionnaires from 1. September to 30. November 2011 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS windows version 17.0. There were statistically significant differences in the health promoting lifestyle according to the frequency of physical activities, frequency of hobbies or social activities and menstruation state. There were significant positive correlations between health promoting lifestyle and self-esteem, anger-control and social support. Negative correlations were found between health promoting lifestyle and depression, anger-in and anger-out. Self-esteem, social support, frequency of physical activities and frequency of hobbies or social activities were predictors of a health promoting lifestyle. Nurses should focus on factors identified in this study when developing nursing interventions to improve a health promoting lifestyle for middle-aged women.