• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.541-548
• /
• 2009

Iron coated media (activated carbon, sand and starfish) were prepared at pH 4 and applied for the treatment of landfill leachate containing organic compounds and soluble metal ions such as $Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ in batch and column experiment. The amount of iron coated in media was analyzed with EPA 3050B method. The removal efficiency of metal ions and phenol was compared with iron coated media. The amount of iron coated in Fe-AC and ICS(iron coated sand) were 1,612 mg/kg and 1,609 mg/kg, respectively, while it was higher with 1,768 mg/kg in ICSF(iron coated starfish). The result of batch study represent the highest removal efficiency in the treatment of wastewater using iron coated starfish. In column study, the removal efficiency of phenol and metal ions was higher in multi-layered system of ICS, Fe-AC and ICSF compared to single layered system. Breakthrough time in the effluent was relatively enhanced for $Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in multi-layered system while the removal efficiency of $Mn^{2+}$ were not varied much. Therefore, multi-layered system was identified as the better system for the treatment of wastewater containing of metal ions and organic compound.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.283-287
• /
• 2014

This study determined the hazardous heavy metal content of mushrooms from markets in Seoul, Korea. One hundred and fifty mushroom samples were digested by the microwave method then the hazardous heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni and Hg) content was determined by the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer. The average values of heavy metals in the samples were as follows: (mean [minimum-maximum], ${\mu}g/kg$); Pb 7.8 (1.9-30.0), Cd 45.3 (0.7-292.4), As 54.6 (24.2-229.3), Cr 42.6 (8.4-334.3), Ni 22.4 (up to 180.4), and Hg 8.9 (2.0-25.0). The contents of hazardous heavy metal in mushrooms were lower than those reported previously and also lower than the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) limit prescribed by the FAO/WHO. Thus, it could be suggested that the hazardous heavy metals levels in the mushrooms of retail market were adequately safe for consumption.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.336-347
• /
• 1985

Soils and rice plants subject to smoke from the Jang-hang Smelter were samples at two depths to assess the nature and extend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination, particularly with respect to distance from pollution source. Soils at east site within 1km of the center of the smelter were highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal levels in the smoke-polluted area were higher in surface soil than in subsurface soil, and decreased rapidly with distance reaching nearly background levels at 5km from pollution source. A position correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1 N HCl-extractable, or 1.0N $CH_3COONH_4$- extractable heavy metals in surface soils of pollution. Contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The contents of heavy metals in brown rice collected from the paddy field around the Jang-hang Smelter were in the range of 0.23-1.33 ppm for Cd, 2.39-6.25 for Cu, 0.95-8.32 ppm for Pb and 14.60-27.31 for Zn. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in brown rice and the distance from the source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.923-931
• /
• 2005

A study was carried out to identify the major causes of sediments pollution in the Paldang Lake in the vicinity of Gyeongan river. Samples from 40 sites were collected and analyzed to characterize the regional distributions of grain size, organic matter contents, and concentrations of T-N, T-P and heavy metals. contaminations. The mean grain size(Mz) ranged from sand type(Mz, $1{\sim}3\;{\phi}$) where Bukhan River and Namhan River converges at a high flow rate to silt type(Mz, $5{\sim}10\;{\phi}$) at the downstream of Gyeongancheon and Paldang lake, reflecting the water circulation in the area. Except sampling point St. 36 near the wetland, the determination coefficient($r^2$) of Mz and organic matter(LOI) was 0.88, showing that more organic matters are concentrated inside finer sediments. The concentrations of T-N and T-P in sediments were higher in the area at which Mz and organic matters are also higher. High concentrations of T-P analyzed in the sediments, ranging from $216{\sim}1,623\;{\mu}g/g$ (Avg. $769\;{\mu}g/g$) could be considered as a critical level. Adsorbed-P and NAI-P, which are easily released to the surrounding environments when physico-chemical characteristics of sediments are changed, was found to be around 20%, which was showed by the result of fractionated-P. Moreover, Principle Component Analysis(PCA), showed that high concentrations of T-N, T-P, organophilic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) are distributed in the areas where high organic matter contents and fine grain-sized sediments are found. However, results of $I'_{geo}$ (Geoaccumulation Index) that considers the grain size of sediments showed that heavy metal concentrations in the lake was low enough to be considered as Class 1 indicating the relative degree of pollution was less than zero.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2024

This study was prepared for a natural aroma solution for the purpose of improving depression, anxiety, and insomnia caused by stress in modern people, and applied the solution to wet tissues. Specifically, the pine oil solution was prepared by mixing Korean pine oil and black cherry oil. Heavy metal analysis, antibacterial analysis, psychological evaluation, and skin evaluation were performed on the prepared pine oil solution to examine the possibility of manufacturing functional aroma wet tissues for stress improvement. Furthermore, as a result of investigating whether pine oil solution wet tissues improved the skin, it was found that there was an improvement effect in terms of moisturizing and elasticity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.461-470
• /
• 2001

The Shihung mine was restored in the early 90's after abandonment for 20 yews since 1973. Although disposed mine tailings were removed and the site was replaced by an incineration plant, still some residual mine tailings remain in the places including the old mine tailing ditposal area and the adjacent agricultural area. These residual mine tailings are prone to impose an adverse impact on the soil and groundwater and needs investigation for the potential contamination. Mine tailing samples were collected from the old tailing disposal area and the iii paddy. The porewater from the mine tailing were extracted and analysed to investigate chemical changes along the reaction path. Batch leaching tests were also carried out in the laboratory to find any supporting evidence found in the field analysis. Evidence of elemental leaching was confirmed both by the mine tailing and the porewater chemistry in them. The element concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in the porewater exceed the standard for drinking water of Korean government and US EPA. Leaching of heavy metals from the mine tailing seem to be responsible for the contamination. In batch leaching test. heavy metals were either continuous1y released or declined rapidly. Combining the information with porewater variation with depths and the geochemical meodeling results, most of elements are controlled by dissolution and/or precipitation processes, with some solubility controlling solid phases (Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn). Batch leaching test conducted at fixed pH 4 showed much higher releases for the heavy metals up to 400 times (Zn) and this area is becoming more vulnerable to soil and groundwater pollution as precipitation pH shifts to acidic condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to find out characteristics and contamination status of the urban-forest soils. Both topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (40-60 cm) samples were collected from Namsan, Changdeok-palace, Seongjusan and Odaesan (control). The samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and anion $(NO_3\;^-,\;SO_4\;^{2-})$ contents. Soil pH of Odaesan was the highest followed by Namsan, Changdeok-palace and Seongjusan. The anion concentrations of the soil samples were in the order of Namsan, Seongjusan > Changdeok-palace > Odaesan. The relationships between soil pH and the anion concentrations showed highly significant negative correlation, which indicated acidification of soil due to air pollutants such as $NO_3\;^-$ and $SO_4\;^{2-}$ was going on. The heavy metal contents of the soils of urban-forest were higher than those of control. Heavy metal contents in the topsoil were higher than those in the subsoil. Since urban-forest soils were quite vulnerable to acidification and heavy metal accumulation due to chronic exposure to air pollutants such as automobile exhaust, a comprehensive countermeasure not to deteriorate urban-forest ecology must be prepared in the near future.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate of total ash, acid-insoluble ash and heavy metals content contained in commercial herbal medicines classified by parts used. A total of 1504 samples (84 species) purchased from markets in Seoul, are classified by five kinds of plant parts. The mean of total ash and acidinsoluble ash content (%) were as follows; Herba 9.0, 1.1, Caulis and cortex 6.1, 1.0, Flos fructus and semen 5.1, 0.8, Radix 4.6, 0.7 and Rhizoma 4.3, 0.4. The total amount of individual heavy metals content (mg/kg) (Pb, As, Cd and Hg) was high in Herba 1.13 and decreased in the order of Caulis and cortex 1.07, Rhizoma 0.91 and Radix 0.91, and was low in Flos fructus and semen 0.73. In addition, acid-insoluble ash contents was correlated with the total amount of individual heavy metals (r=0.314) (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2009

This study is for understanding the domestic possibilities of the high temperature incineration of waste containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) with the analysis of normal operation case and waste gas, fly ash, dioxin about bottom ash, Total-PCBs, Co-PCBs, and the for analysis the heavy metal leaching feature included by bottom ash and fly ash, heavy metal leaching experiment was implemented. The result shows the dioxin density of the waste gas from waste containing PCBs was $0.00699{\sim}0.00763ng-TEQ/Nm^3$, which is lower than $0.0192ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ from the normal operation case. And each Co-PCBs and total PCBs shows $0.00043{\sim}0.00112ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ and $3.06{\sim}3.87ng/m^3$ respectively. The bottom ash test result shows Dioxin 0.00225~0.00630ng-TEQ/g, Co-PCBs 0.00027~0.00082ng-TEQ/g, Total PCBs 0.9~2.6ng/g, and the fly ash shows Dioxin 0.00164~0.00344ng-TEQ/g, Co-PCBs 0.00053~0.00054ng-EQ/g, Total PCBs 0.64~0.84ng/g. The bottom ash and fly ash experiments for heavy metal leaching did not show any leaching but when it comes to the ingredients of the fly ash, Pb elements shows 31.01~237.7ppm, higher than leaching criterion. The analysis of the density of all air pollution material from the waste gas shows the lower value than permissible criterion.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2010

In this study, evaluation of basic unit of non-point pollutant, which is fundamental evaluation of non-point loading, was conducted using both road point and angle of intersection point in Maesong area, West coast highway by utilizing Event Mean Concentrations(EMC). Concentration of pollutants except heavy metals at these two points rapidly decreased in 30 minutes after start of runoff. According to the results of EMC, for both sampling points, it was determined that the concentrations of TSS(Total Suspended Solid), $BOD_5$(Biological Oxygen Demand), and DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon) were higher than those of wastewater effluent standard in Korea, however, the concentrations of T-N(Total Nitrogen) and T-P(Total Phosphorus) were lower than those of the standard. In terms of heavy metals, Fe, Pb, and Zn showed higher concentrations than others. When compared with the units established by the Ministry of Environment in Korea, the basic units of $BOD_5$ and T-N in this study were lower. On the other hand, when compared with foreign units, Cu, Pb, and Zn showed approximately 10 times higher concentrations. It was estimated that a long term monitoring should be conducted for obtaining additional data and more reliable basic units for the non-point pollutnats based on the results from this study.