• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

The electrokinetic technique has been applied to remove mainly the heavy metal and the ultrasonic technique to remove mainly organic substance in contaminated soil. In this study, the combined electrokinetic and ultrasonic remediation technique was studied far the removal of heavy metal and organic substance in contaminated soils. This study emphasized the coupled effects of electrokinetic and ultrasonic techniques on migration as well as remediation of contaminants in soils. The laboratory soil flushing tests combining electrokinetic and ultrasonic technique were conducted using specially designed and fabricated devices to determine the effect of both of these techniques. A series of laboratory experiments involving the simple, electrokinetic, ultrasonic, and electrokinetic & ultrasonic flushing test were carried out. A soil admixed with sand and kaolin was used as a test specimen, and Pb and ethylene glycol were used as contaminants of heavy metal and organic substance. An increase in out flow, permeability and contaminant removal rate was observed in electrokinetic and ultrasonic flushing tests. Some practical implications of these results are discussed in terms of technical feasibility of in situ implementation of electrokinetic ultrasonic remediation technique.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1978

According to the milling degree (unhulled, brown, 70% polished, and 90% polished rice), cropping areas (Sabong, Myeungsuk, Hadong, and Sanchung), and variety of rices (Yusin and Milyang), the contents of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and manganese were analyzed in order to investigate heavy metals in the rice of Kyeong Nam district for two years(1976-1977) by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The contents of heavy metals in all the sample rices observed in this experiment were decreased with the increase of milling degree, but significant difference of the heavy metals was not observed among the cropping areas and variety of rices. 2. The contents of heavy metals were copper, 0.80-2.89 ppm; zinc, 3.23-17.60 ppm; manganese, 6.72-70.25 ppm; and lead, ND-0.64 ppm. 3. The contents of nickel and chromium in unhulled rice were in the range of 2.04-40.64 and 5.09-39.95 ppm, respectively, but these heavy metals were in trace for 90% polished rice. 4. The mercury and cadmium were in trace for some unhulled rice, but they were not detected in polished rice.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2017

This study was performed to develop the efficient phytoremediation model in the paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals by cultivating Pteris multifida and Artemisia princeps with different mixing ratios (1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1). As a result of investigating the heavy metal accumulation of each plant per dried material (1 kg), content of arsenic and cadmium was the highest in aerial part of P. multifida (169.82, $1.70mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) among the treated group. Lead content was the highest ($12.58mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$) in the aerial part of P. multifida cultivated with 8:1 mixed planting. But the content of copper and zinc was the highest (33.94, $61.78mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) in the aerial part of A. princeps with 8:1 treatment. Regardless of heavy metals, plant uptake from the $1m^2$ soil was the highest in 4:1 mixed planting group, which showed the best yield of A. princeps.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

In order to investigate the degree of heavy metal pollution, 280 urban gully-pot sediments were collected from 13 localities in eastern part of Seoul. The uncontaminated stream sediments were also studied for comparison. A series of studies have carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments and the distribution of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Total metal concentrations of gully-pot sediments and uncontaminated stream sediments were analyzed using acid extraction. After predigestion with $NHO_3$, the sample was digested with mixed acid ($NHO_3$-$HClO_4$). The gully-pot sediments were characterized by very high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr, indicating an anthropogenic contribution of these metals to the sediment chemistry Heavy metal concentrations in the gully-pot sediments were 1-329 times higher than the mean content of metals in the uncontaminated stream sediments, depending on the metals. In particular, the highest mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr were noticed in the gully-pot sediments from Yeouido, Junggu, Junggu, and Dongdaemungu, respectively. The mean value of total Zn concentration in the business and commercial areas is 2-3.5 times higher than that in industrial areas. This suggests that Zn is mainly derived from automobiles (rubber of automobile tires). The mean concentrations of Cu and Cr are significantly high in the commercial and industrial areas, indicating that industrial activities may cause the accumulation of Cu and Cr in the sediments. The Pb level in gully-pot sediments is comparatively low, due to the use of unleaded gasoline in automobiles since 1987.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1997

Retention ponds have been dug along some of the motorways in France to minimize environmental pollution by preventing pollutants from spreading over the surrounding area. A series of studies have been conducted to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the particles settling down in such a pond to evaluate the effectiveness of the pond as a trap for heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cd. The highly contaminated roadside soil and the uncontaminated background soil were also studied for comparison. The settling particles exhibited heavy metal concentrations of 2 to 8 times as much as the background Sologne soil, depending on the metal species. However, the heavy metal concentrations in the roadside soil were 7 to 26 times higher than those in the· settling particles. Sequential extraction experiments illustrated that the highly contaminated roadside soil consisted mainly of the readily soluble fractions (FII, FIII and FIV) for all three heavy metals, but little W which is hardly soluble. The proportion of W considerably increased up to one third of the total in the settling particles for Pb and Zn. This result as well as the large concentration differences between the roadside soil and the settling particles indicates that most of the heavy metals were lost to the surroundings even before reaching the retention pond. Cd exhibited somewhat different behavior in that the most soluble FI, which is negligible for Pb and Zn, occupied as much as one fourth of the total in the roadside soil. In addition, FV for Cd did not increase in the settling particles.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the activity of nitrogen fixation and accumulation of heavy metal and inorganic matter in Vicia amoena community at lower region in Kumho riverside, including Youngchon, Chimsangyo, Paldalgyo, Talseochon and Kumhogyo. The contents of inorganic matter and heavy metal of Kumho riverside soil increased in the down stream in each organ of the plant growing in the riverside. Generally, V. amoena community showed rapid growth of shoot and high value of Top/Root ratio. V. amoena community showed higher water content of shoot at late growth stage and higher chlorophyll content. The root nodule of V. amoena community appeared in April and increased by 0.30, 0.27, 0.24, 0.06 and 0.14 g/plant, and nitrogen fixation activity of nodule attained 20.1, 16.8, 15.4, 8.5 and 5.3 μmol·C₂H₄·g fw nodule/sup -1/·h/sup -1/ for non-contaminated area Youngchon, Chimsangyo, Paldalgyo, Talseochon and Kumhogyo, respectively, in June:. Nodule formation and nitrogen fixation activity were reduced in the down stream by the soil contamination and heavy metal accumulation and showed minimum values. at Talseochon and Paldalgyo. V. amoena showed growth adaptation against heavy metal toxicity by restricting heavy metal such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe from transport, and by accumulating high Ca ion in shoot, nitrogen and phosphorus in root at late growth stage than those at early one, respectively, but total heavy metal per plant showed higher values in shoot than those in root by high T/R ratio of plant growth.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

This research was carried out from 2001. 4 until 2001. 5 in order to examine the level of soil contamination in the vicinity of Nanjido. The sampling was done at near the Nanjido soil. At the each sampling site we did the sampling at different depth- surface(0~15cm deep), 1m deep, 2m deep, 3m deep. The contamination of Cd, Cu, Pb, As, $Cr^{+6}$, and Hg were tasted and analysed by spectra AA. The examination showed that the average concentration level of the entire sampled soil was Cd, 0.229mg/kg, Cu 8.349mg/kg, Pb : 11.083mg/kg, As : 0.298mg/kg, $Cr^{+6}$ : 0.124mg/kg, and Hg : 0.134mg/kg. The concentration level of at the depth of 0-l5cm, came out to be Cd : 0.305mg/kg, Cu : 8.464mg/kg, Pb : 11 383mg/kg, As : 0.128mg/kg, $Cr^{+6}$ : 0.153mg/kg, and Hg : 0.092mg/kg. It shows that in the cases of Cd and C $r^{+6}$ the average concentration level of the whole sampled soil was about 80% of that of 0-l5cm depth. And as for Hg and As. the average concentration level of the entire sampled soil came out to be approximately twice as high as the sample soil from the depth surface, As for Cu and Pb, there was not much difference between the entire samples average concentration level and the concentration level of surface. It was hard to find much relationship between the depth of each site where sampling was done and the level of concentration, the concentration level of Pb and Cu at the sampling site C and E was quite high, which suggests that it has been affected by the polluted the hyang-dong stream and fill random up waste.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2004

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the hydrogeochemical implications of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in both soils and groundwater in reclaimed lands of Sydney's 2000 Olympic Games site at Homebush Bay in Port Jackson, Sydney. The Olympic Games site can be divided into three areas, i.e. 'reclaimed areas' were previously estuarine, and were filled with waste materials and are now above present high tide level, whereas 'landfill areas' are areas where deposition of waste materials occurred above sea level. No deposition of waste took place in 'non-infilled areas'. 4513 soil core samples and 101 groundwater samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn. The mean heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in soils of the study area revealed the order of reclaimed (greatest), landfill and non-infilled area (smallest), whereas in groundwater it is all shown the order of landfill, reclaimed and non-infilled area, except for Pb. Mean Pb concentration in soils derived from the three land types at the Olympic Games site revealed the order of reclaimed area(174 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), landfill area (102 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and non-infilled area (48 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g). Results reveal that soils contaminated by Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in reclaimed/landfill areas are associated with dumped materials. No relationship could be established between soil and groundwater concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the landfill, reclaimed and non-infilled areas of the Olympic site, probably due to the varied nature of the materials deposited at the Olympic site.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2010

2010년 5월 중 서울 약령시와 서울시내 대형마트에서 유통 중인 약용버섯 및 식용버섯류 16품목 92건 대상으로 중금속(비소, 카드뮴, 납, 수은) 모니터링을 실시하였다. 식품의약품안전청에서 고시한 생약의 잔류오염물질 허용기준 및 시험방법에 따라 실험하였으며, 유통 버섯류의 중금속 함유실태를 파악하고, 버섯의 안전성 기준 제정을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 새송이버섯 등 생버섯 7종 15건에 대한 중금속 검사 결과 비소 0.01~0.26 mg/kg, 카드뮴 0~0.10 mg/kg, 납 0~0.03 mg/kg, 수은 0~0.007 mg/kg 으로 중금속 함유량이 낮았다. 상황버섯 등 11종 77건의 건조되어 식용 및 약용으로 사용되는 버섯류 중 노루궁뎅이버섯은 4건 중 2건(50.0 %)에서 카드뮴이 0.32~0.82 mg/kg으로 한약재 기준 대비 높게 검출되었으며, 상황버섯은 15건 중 5건(33 %)에서 카드뮴 0.58~0.85 mg/kg, 표고버섯은 9건 중 3건에서 카드뮴 0.42~0.74 mg/kg, 운지버섯 5건 중 1건(20.0 %)에서 1.66 mg/kg, 영지버섯 16건 중 2건(12.5%)에서 수은 0.415 mg/kg과 카드뮴 0.66 mg/kg이 분석되었다. 특히 아가리쿠스버섯은 10건 중 10건(100.0 %)에서 카드뮴(10건) 1.49~7.35 mg/kg, 수은(9건) 0.202~0.505 mg/kg으로 높은 유해중금속 함유량을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the heavy metal contents of agricultural products in Korea and to compare with relevant international criteria such as the Average Daily Intake(ADI) and the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI) proposed by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on additives and contaminant. Contents of heavy metal in cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were in the range of $0.010{\sim}0.073$ for Cd, $0.40{\sim}6.45$ for Cu, $0.083{\sim}0.698$ for Pb, $2.45{\sim}16.30$ for Zn, $0.171{\sim}1.378$ for Ni, $0.023{\sim}0.233$ for Cr and $0.026{\sim}0.070$ mg/kg(F.W.) for As. Heavy metal contents of cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were with natural content levels proposed by FAO/WHO and were similar to value monitored in other countries. Also, average intake of heavy metal from agricultural products was lower than the ADI and PTWI by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on Additives and Contaminants. Therefore, none of the cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits evaluated showed accumulation of such heavy metal high enough to cause health problems to human.