• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2002

거제도는 남쪽에서 두 번째로 큰 섬으로써 총면적은 399.96$\textrm{km}^2$이며 총면적의 71.85%가 임야로 이루어져 있고 하천이 짧으며 유역면적이 좁은 관계로 지하수의 함양이 어려우며 해안으로 유출되는 지하수가 상당량이 될 것으로 사료되었다. 따라서 유출지하수의 특성을 연구하여 지하수의 유출가능성이 높은 지역을 찾을 수 있도록 여러 가지 분석을 통하여 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 기본적으로 기온, 강수량 등의 기상자료와 지하수온도, 지하수위등의 수문자료 및 해수표면온도 등의 해양관측자료를 이용하였으며, 해수와 지하수의 온도차가 많은 달의 Lanset 7 ETM+ 인공위성 영상자료와 NOAA 인공영상자료를 이용하여 온도자료를 비교하고, 각개 영사의 열분포도를 분석함으로써 유출지하수의 가능성이 높은 지역을 추출하였다. 추출한 지역에서 인구밀집지역, 공단지역, 기 공급지역을 제외하였으며, 수문지질학 적으로 유리한 지역을 선정하고, 평균해수분포차가 큰 지역을 추출함으로써 이후에 이루어질 현장조사시에 접근이 용이하도록 하였다. 연구결과 거제도 일대의 해안유출지하수 가능지점은 10개소 이상이며 자연적, 사회학석인 여건을 고려한다면 지하수개발가능 지역은 6개 정도로 예상된다. 또한 해수면의 온도와 지하수의 온도가 차이가 클 때는11~13$^{\circ}C$의 분포를 보이고 있어, 이후 이와 같은 연구에 충분히 활용할 수 있을 것이며, 해상도가 높은 자료와 연계하면 보다 정확한 자료의 추출이 가능해 앞으로의 국내에 활용되지 못한 수자원 개발에도 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.하게도 유기물과의 친화력이 높은 것으로 알려진 Cu 역시 F1과 F2에 대하여 높은 함량을 나타내어 오염원으로부터의 Cu의 확산을 지시하였다. 외국에 비하여, 그동안 국내에서는 사격장 주변의 자연환경변화에 관하여 연구된 결과가 거의 전무하였다. 본 연구 결과는, 이와 유사한 사격장 주변 환경에서의 중금속 분포와 거동 특성에 대하여 종합적인 모니터링(즉, 체계적인 환경지구화학적 조사ㆍ연구)이 시급함을 시사해 주고 있다.할 수 있었다.연구지역을 대상으로 추정한 함양율은 지하수이용에 따른 지하수위하강에 대한 보정을 할 필요가 있으며 지하수이용실태조사를 추가로 하여 그 이용량만큼을 지하수함양량에 더하여야 할것이다.의 특성 등을 고려하여 거기에 맞는 기술들을 복합적으로 또는 단독으로 사용하되 처리방법 채택 시 신중을 기할 것이 요망된다.정시에는 SeaWiFS 위성과 관련된 global algorithms 중에서 490nm와 555nm의 복합밴드를 포함하는 OC2 알고리즘(ocean color chlorophyll 2 algorithm)을 사용하는 것이 OC2 series 및 OC4 알고리즘보다 좋은 추정 값을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.환경에서는 5일에서 7월에 주로 이 충체의 유충이 발육되고 전파되는 것으로 추측되었다.러 가지 방법들을 적극 적용하여 금후 검토해볼 필요가 있을 것이다.잡은 전혀 삭과가 형성되지 않았다. 이 결과는 종간 교잡종을 자방친으로 하고 그 자방친의 화분친을 사용할 때만 교잡이 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 여교잡을 통한 종간잡종 품종육성 활용방안을 금후 적극 확대 검토해야 할 것이다하였다.함을 보

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

An analytical method of nine synthetic food colors in Korea, Japan, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA), and USA were compared. Contents of water insoluble matter in synthetic food colors tested were not different by general test methods of various organs. Contents of chloride and sulfate salts in Food Green No.3, Food Red No.3, Food Blue No.2, and Food Yellow No.4 slightly differed in various methods, and but up to the standard, and general test methods of JECFA and USA needed far more time. For the measurement of arsenic contents in food colors, colorimetric method in Korea and Japan, and silver diethyldithiocarbamate colorimetric method in USA and JECFA were used, but the standards of them were different. Content of heavy metals was up to the standard, but the methods were used colorimetric method in Korea, atomic absorption method in Japan, and both methods in JECFA and USA.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

The main objective of this study was to examine the removal properties of Cu from water by inflated vermiculites. The component of vermiculites was analyzed by XRF and the concentration of Copper ion was measured by UV-VIS. Serial batch Kinetic tests and batch sorption tests were conducted to determine the removal characteristics for Cu in aqueous solutions. The result shows that removal rate, $K_{obs}$, of Cu are 0.73, 1.52, and 1.71 for initial pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, respectively, and are 3.19, 1.90, and 0.73 for the initial concentration of $1mg\;L^{-1}$, $5mg\;L^{-1}$, $10mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. It leads to the conclusion that the removal rates are inversely proportional to the initial Cu concentration and are increased proportionally to the initial pHs. Finally, Sorption data were correlated with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. As a result, Langmuir and Freundlich models were well fitted to batch isotherm data with good values of the determination coefficient. but the determination coefficient value for the Freundlich model fit was slightly higher than that of Langmuir model (0.965 for the Freundlich model and 0.936 for the Langmuir model). Using the Langmuir model, the maximum sorption capacity ($Q_{max}$), Freundlich partition coefficient, and the numerical value of n wrer estimated as $1,250mg\;kg^{-1}$, $635.1L\;kg^{-1}$ and 1.69, respectively. These results show that the inflated vermiculites could be used as an excellent adsorbent for copper contained in various types of aqueous solutions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

Recycled plastic containers, so-called 'Tarai' in Korea which are often used as food containers, were collected from 23 domestic manufacturers. Then, their components were analyzed to find out whether they are safe for the use of food-contact material, to meet the standards and specifications of Korean hygienic regulations, the 'Food Code.' The components of the material were analyzed by using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and Elementary Analyzer (EA). The analysis of the FT-IR and the DSC showed that the main component of the samples was polyethylene. Furthermore, the analysis of the EA for 'Tarai' sample revealed the same ratio of C and H elements as in the case of polyethylene which was 1 to 2. Phenol and formaldehyde were not detected in all the samples. As for the antioxidant tests, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1330 were detected in various samples. With regard to the material test for heavy metals, 7 out of 23 samples exceeded the limit value of 100 mg/kg in lead contents. No standard and specification is yet prescribed in the 'Food Code' for the material of 'Tarai' as plastic containers for food. This study suggests that the use of 'Tarai' as a food container should be strictly controlled.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution continues to degrade the water quality. NPS pollutants signals high concerns against a sustainable environment. Low impact development (LID) is the leading management practice which regulates and treats stormwater runoff especially in highly impervious urban areas. Constructed wetlands are known to have efficient removal capability of NPS pollutants. Likewise, these LID facilities were intended to maintain the predeveloped hydrologic regime through series of mechanisms such as particle settling, filtration, plant uptake, and etc. In this study, the objective was to investigate the characteristics, fate and treatment performance of the two in-campus constructed wetlands (SW1 and SW2) which were installed adjacent to impervious roads and parking lots to treat stormwater runoff. A total of 42 storm events were monitored starting from July 2010 until November 2015. Manual grab sampling was utilized at the inlet and outlet units of each LID facilities. Based on the results, the wetlands were found to be effective in reducing 37% and 41% of the total runoff volume and peak flows, respectively. Aside from this, outflow EMCs were generally lower than the inflow EMCs in most events suggesting that the two wetlands improved the water quality of stormwater runoff. The average removal efficiency of pollutants in facilities were 63~79% in TSS, 38~54% in TN, 54% in TP and 32%~81% in metals. The results of this study recommend the use of constructed wetlands as efficient treatment facility for urban areas for its satisfactory performance in runoff and pollutant reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.859-869
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• 2005

The commercial $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalysts which had been exposed to the off gas from incinerator for a long time were regenerated by physical and chemical treatment. The catalytic properties and NOx conversion reactivity of those catalysts were examined by analysis equipment and NOx conversion experiment. The characterization of the catalysts were performed by XRD(x-ray diffractometer), BET, POROSIMETER, EDX(energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer), ICP(inductively coupled plasma), TGA(thermogravimetric analyzer) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). NOx conversion experiment were performed with simulated off gas of the incinerator and $NH_3$ was used as a reductant of SCR reaction. Among the regeneration treatment methods which were applied to regenerate the aged catalysts in this study, it showed that the heat treatment method had excellent regeneration effect on the catalytic performance for NOx conversion. The catalytic performance of the regenerated catalysts with heat treatment method were recovered over than 95% of that of fresh catalyst. For the regenerated catalysts with the acid solution(pH 5) and the alkali solution(pH 12), the catalytic performance were recovered over than 90% of that of fresh catalyst. From the characterization results of the regenerated catalysts, the specific surface area was recovered in the range of $85{\sim}95%$ of that of fresh catalyst. S and Ca element, which are well known as the deactivation materials for the SCR catalysts, accumulated on the aged catalyst surface were removed up to maximum 99%. Among the P, Cr, Zn and Pb elements accumulated on the aged catalyst surface, P, Cr and Zn element were removed up to 95%. But the Pb element were removed in the range of $10{\sim}30%$ of that of fresh catalyst.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1999

Bacterial population, signal compounds of pollution, bacterial productivity, heterotrophic activity and the activities of extracellular enzymes were analyzed four times from July 1994 to April 1995 at Daejin, Galnam, Pohang, and Ulsan in the coastal area of Bast Sea in order to investigate the state of eutrophication. The population of heavy metal resistant bacteria in Pohang was the highest among all stations. The bacterial populations which could utilize C -P compounds (phosphonate) showed the highest at Pohang that was expected for the industrial and agricultural effluents to inpour. It could be useful as an index of expectation about the influx of industrial sewages and agricultural effluents. The activities of extracellular enzymes for the degradation of organic matter were the highest in the Ulsan Chuyongam, but low in Daejin. These results showed positive relationship with the population of heterotrophic bacteria and bacterial productivity The ratio of poly-P and DNA in Pohang was the highest, and that in Ulsan, Galnam, and Daejin consecutively, corresponding with the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria. In case of the heterotrophic activities, each of the stations gives difference of seasonal variation in heterotrophic activities. Bacterial productivity seemed to be dependent on seasons; the highest in summer and the lowest in fall and winter. These seasonal variations of bacterial productivity seems to be similar with those of heterotrophic bacteria. It is suggested that the state of eutrophication could be evaluated by the criteria of the population sizes and the productivities of microorganisms, the amount of poly-P, heterotrophic activity, the activities of extracellular enzymes, etc.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Impermeable surfaces such as transportation land uses including roads and parking lots accumulate high heavy metals and particulate matters concentration especially during dry season which worsens the river water quality and distort the water circulation system during rainfall events. Recently, the government has been promoting policies to install Low Impact Development (LID) facilities such as permeable pavements or grass blocks in parking lots or pavements. However, transition of asphalt-paved surfaces to permeable pavement generated asphalt wastes which are detrimental to the environment and has cost implications due to its removal and disposal. Therefore this study was conducted to provide a method of constructing a cost-effective permeable pavement to reduce waste generation and cost. In this study, comparative analysis of the water circulation capacity and economic efficiency of the traditional construction method and new method proposed in this study through the lab-scale experiment. The proposed method was to make holes in existing asphalt pavements, layout geotextile fabric and permeable base media such as sand before compaction. After compaction, layout grass blocks on the compacted base media then layout sand in between each grass blocks before compaction. Apparently, there was no significant difference between the traditional installation method of permeable pavement and the proposed method in this study considering surface runoff, infiltrated volume, stored volume, and rainfall-runoff delay time. The proposed method in this study generated 86% less wastes compared to the traditional installation method and has 70% cost reduction considering asphalt removal and disposal. The construction method proposed in this study yielded similar performance compared to the traditional installation method and water circulation effect, but was proven to be less complicated and economical.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 1999

The electrolyte cathode atomic glow discharge (ELCAD) is a new plasma source for direct determination of trace heavy metals in drinking and waste water. ELCAD has been successfully developed for on-line monitoring of heavy metals, however, shows difficulty to measure mercury. In this study, ELCAD has been modified to apply the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for the direct determination of trace elements of mercury in flowing water.The fundamental characteristics of this new types of plasma source have been investigated and found that the pH of the solution, discharge voltage, and current are most important factors.The absorbance of 1.0 ppm Hg standard solution increases as pH of the solution increases from pH 1.0 to 3.0.However, % RSD of the absorbance also increases as the pH of solution increasesdue to plasma unstability.The detection limits of the standard solution of pH 1.5 and pH 3.0 are about 40 ppb and 10 ppb level, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2013

Influence of sulfate on the early hydration in the solidification treatment of abandoned mine tailings was characterized. Solidified specimens using hydrated lime as a binder were prepared with various amounts of added $Na_2SO_4$ and different curing days. Unconfined compressive strength measurement, heavy metal leaching test, XRD analysis were performed after 7-, 14- and 28-days curing. According to curing days strength of solidified specimens using only distilled water increased but those with addition of $Na_2SO_4$ decreased. External cracks of specimens developed definitely with increasing $Na_2SO_4$ concentration and curing days. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, and As in the leached solutions from solidified specimens decreased significantly but Pb was leached readily in cases of hydrated lime dosage more than 10 wt%. Gypsum and $MgSO_4$ were identified in the cracked solidified specimens by XRD analysis, and pillar-shaped crystals of SEM image were identified as gypsum in reference with EDS analysis. Crystallization of sulfate in the process of lime-tailing solidification caused cracking, which should be supplemented for solidification treatment of highly sulfur-contained tailing.