• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1422-1426
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to test characteristics between normal and autistic children via comparison of nutrient intakes, hair mineral, blood free radical, and serotonin contents. A total of 50 children aged 3-9 were divided into two main groups of normal control children (n=22) and autistic children (n=28) tested by child psychiatrist. The nutrient intakes by 24-hour recall method were no significantly different between the two groups. The concentrations of toxic mineral, such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in hair of autistic children were significantly higher, while concentration of antioxidant mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe) was lower than that of normal children. The autistic children had significantly higher concentrations of blood free radical than that of normal children. No significant difference was observed in serotonin concentration between the two groups. Our results suggest a possible role of increased toxic mineral and free radical, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of autism in children with developmental delay.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1979

In order to investigate water quality of coastal waters, samples were collected from the six coastal areas of Korean peninsula during summer of 1977, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed no significant heavy metal pollution in most parts of the studied areas in comparison with results of other countries in literature. However, strong possibility of some specific heavy metal pollution is shown in the specific areas, such as Cu and Pb in the Sea off Cunsan, Pb in Kwangyang Bay and Cd and Pb in Ulsan Bay.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

A ditch is a facility for managing washed-off runoff from parking lot area. Washed-off runoff inflows into ditches where it is retained for a short period of time. At this point, it is assumed that a ditch is a preliminary unit for runoff treatment. This research carries out the distribution of particle size and chemical compound for sediment in parking lot ditch. This work is important to understand the amount of generated sediment from this area to be able to determine different particle size ranges for treatment. Metal concentrations for sediment according to particle size are analyzed. From the distribution of particle size, the weight ratio with the range of $425-850{\mu}m$ is the highest. Considering its weight ratio, the metal concentration of coarser particles is high, otherwise metal concentration increases as particle size decreases. Metal load of the range is higher and the ratio of total metal load in the case of Cu, Pb, Zn is nearly 30%. Moreover metal concentration associated with particle size depends on particle ratio. To manage non-point source pollution for parking lot area, these results can be used with this ditch unit.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-347
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• 1985

Soils and rice plants subject to smoke from the Jang-hang Smelter were samples at two depths to assess the nature and extend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination, particularly with respect to distance from pollution source. Soils at east site within 1km of the center of the smelter were highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal levels in the smoke-polluted area were higher in surface soil than in subsurface soil, and decreased rapidly with distance reaching nearly background levels at 5km from pollution source. A position correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1 N HCl-extractable, or 1.0N $CH_3COONH_4$- extractable heavy metals in surface soils of pollution. Contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The contents of heavy metals in brown rice collected from the paddy field around the Jang-hang Smelter were in the range of 0.23-1.33 ppm for Cd, 2.39-6.25 for Cu, 0.95-8.32 ppm for Pb and 14.60-27.31 for Zn. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in brown rice and the distance from the source.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

This research was conducted to determine heavy metal contents of soil and tree in pear orchard located near national road with heavy traffics. Topsoil (0-15 cm depth) and subsoil (15-30 cm) samples in pear orchard located within 40 m from national road had higher Pb, Cu, and Zn contents than background orchard (BG) and these heavy metal contents decreased with distance from road. Topsoil samples taken at 10 m from national road had 4 times higher level in Pb, 3 times in Cu, and 2.5 times in Zn compare to BG. The Cd contents of topsoil in orchard were higher than those of BG but were not in subsoil. Highest heavy metal contents of pear leaves in roadside orchard were 20.08 in Pb, 7.02 in Cu, 30.83 in Zn, and $1.68\;mm.kg^{-1}$ in Cd and these heavy metal contents in roadside orchard were higher than BG. Cd contents of fruit and Pb contents of fruit stalk in roadside orchard were higher than BG and these heavy metal contents decreased with distance up to 40 m from the road.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.11
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• pp.111-120
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• 1993

We investigated in the existential forms of heavy metals and their distribution in plant and soil surrounding ruined mine in Daduk area. The content of heavy metals in soils was more plentiful in A soil than that in another soil, excepting only Mn. The content of Mn in soils was greater in B soil than those in another soils. The content of each heavy metals, according to existential form, had different patterns on the comparision of each elements ; organic-form on Cd and As, Carbonate-form Cu, Pb and Mn and Residual-form on Fe and Zn. The popularity ration of M. senensis and J. decipiens were about 65% and 72%, respectively, and which means that these plants had resistances to heavy metals. The contents of heavy metals absorbed in root was higher than those of stem except Mn, In M. sinensis, the contents of Zn in root was similar to that of stem. To study the heavy metal contents in water, the highest content of heavy metal, mainly Fe, Mn and Zn, were calculated in extracting water.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to assess dietary exposure and risk for the infant population by lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) exposure through modified milk powder and formulas. Analysis of heavy metals was performed using a microwave device and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the method for which was fully validated. Various samples (n=204), including modified milk powder, modified milk, follow-up modified milk powder, infant formula and follow- up formula, were collected from retail outlets and markets across Korea. The mean contents of heavy metals were Pb 0.0004 (modified milk)-0.010 (infant formula) mg/kg, Cd 0.002 (modified milk)-0.007 (follow-up formula) mg/kg, and As 0.004(modified milk)-0.040 (infant formula) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heavy metals through maximum intake of modified milk powder and formulas were calculated and compared with reference doses established by JECFA and WHO. The dietary exposures of heavy metals were $0.78-1.04{\mu}g$ Pb/d, $0.65-0.87{\mu}g$ Cd/d, and $2.25-3.00{\mu}g$ As/d, corresponding to 2.0-4.5%, 7.1-16.0%, and 0.4-0.9% of reference doses, respectively. Therefore, the level of overall dietary exposure to heavy metals for Korean infant through food intake was below 20% of the reference dose, indicating a low risk to infant consumers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.446-452
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mine activity on paddy fields, agricultural water, and plants in the ruined Oksung Cu-Zn mine area. Soil samples collected from paddy fields adjacent to the Cu-Zn mine sites were sequentially extracted and determined the contents of heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. Distribution of exchangeable heavy metals in soils was 30.2% of Cd, 11.3% of Zn, 2.2% of Cu, 4.6% of Cr, 0.6% of Pb and 3.9% of Ni. Water soluble heavy metals were only detected with Zn. The contents of heavy metals in water collected from the mine were 0.01 of Cd, 27.35 of Zn, 4.86 of Cu, 1.04 of Pb, 0.03 of Cr and $0.08mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ni. while the contents in waler collected out of the mine were 16.67 of Zn, 0.59 of Cu, 0.49 of Pb, 0.05 of Cr and $0.06mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ni. On the other hand, agricultural water near mine area were 1.26 of Zn, 0.05 of Cu, 0.05 of Pb and $0.02mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ni. Both Cd and Cr were not detected in the agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal contents in effluents, soils and plants grown on the soils from 1982 to 1983. The heavy metal pollution of Keumho river was resulted from Sincheon, Kongdancheon and Dalseocheon. The urban sewage influxes in Sincheon and Dalseocheon whereas the industrial wastewater flows in Kongdancheon. The average heavy metal contents of effluents in these streams exceeded the Korean Standard Environmental value. The high level of heavy metal contents in soils and plant tissues should be originated from the polluted river water. The heavy metal contents of soils were significantly positively correlated with that of plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.259-262
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• 1998