• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2018

In many countries, recycling coal ashes as backfill materials for subsided lands, abandoned mine tunnels, and road pipeline constructions by making low-strength concretes with minimal amounts of cement is frequently considered for massive treatment of coal ashes. This study investigates the variation of heavy metals in the concrete test pieces prepared for the cases of using only Portland cement as binding material, fly ash as a replacement of the cement, sand as aggregates, and disposed ashes in the ash ponds as a replacement of aggregates. Heavy metal contents were measured based on the aqua regia extraction technique following the Korean Standard for Fair Testing of Soil Contamination and the influences of each materials on the total heavy metal contents were also assessed. Results show that the cement has the highest Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations than any other materials. Therefore, the test pieces show significant concentration decreases for those metals when the cement was replaced by fly ash. Ponded ash shows low concentrations relative to fly ash in most of the parameters but shows higher Cu and Ni, and lower Pb levels than the sand aggregate. In overall, heavy metal levels of the test pieces are regulated by mixing among the used materials. Test pieces prepared during this study always show concentrations much lower than the Worrisome Level of Soil Contamination (Area 1), which was designated by the Soil Environment Conservation Act of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.280-291
• /
• 2007

Much research has been conducted in the field of phytoremediation since the discovery of the range of plants known as hyperaccumulators. Research has focused simultaneously on elucidating the mechanism of metal(loid) accumulation and development of practical techniques to enhance accumulation efficiency. To date, it is generally understood that there are five specific mechanisms employed by hyperaccumulating plant species that are either not or under utilized by non-hyperaccumulators. These include 1) enhanced metal(loid)s uptake through the root cell, 2) enhanced translocation in plant tissue, 3) detoxification and sequestration, 4) enhanced metal availability in soil:root interface, and 5) active root foraging toward metal(loid) enriched soils. Among these mechanisms, understanding of the plant-root effect on metal(loid) dynamics and subsequent plant uptake is vital to overcome the inherit limitation of phytoremediation caused by low metal(loid) solubility in soils. Plant roots can influence the soil chemistry in the rhizosphere through changes in pH and exudation of organic compounds such as low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) which consequently change metal(loid) solubility. The decrease in soil pH by plant release of $H^+$ results in increased metal solubility. Elevated levels of organic compounds in response to high metal soil concentrations by plant exudation may also increases metal concentration in soil solution through formation of organometallic complexes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2003

To determine the urease inhibitory activity of various heavy metal ions, a photometric cuvette assay for measuring ammonia production was developed. In this assay, the absorbance values at 630 m were linearly increased according to the ammonia concentrations up to 3.0 mg/l (r : 0.998). The urease inhibitions upon addition of a single species of heavy metal ions were in the decreasing order of Hg(II) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) ions. As expected, the urease inhibitions at a fixed concentration of a single species and at varying concentrations of other species occurred in the additive way. The above results show the applicability of the current method to the selective detection on Hg(II) ions as well as the screening of heavy metal ions possibly present at various samples.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.18.2-18.2
• /
• 2011

생활수준이 향상되고, 환경오염이 가속되면서 환경에 대한 관심이 더욱 증대되고 있다. 수질센서의 경우, 그 측정 항목이 매우 다양하고, 높은 정밀도를 요하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 실시간 모니터링을 요구하고 있어, 기술적으로 해결해야 할 문제가 많이 남아 있다. 또한, 현재 약 15% 정도로 매우 낮은 국산화율을 보이고 있어, 대부분의 주요 센서들이 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 수질을 측정하기 위한 센서는 크게 두 가지 형태로 나누어 질 수 있는데, 하나는 flow injection analysis (FIA) 방식이며, 다른 하나는 Probe 방식의 센서이다. 본 발표에서는 수질 센서에 대한 최근 국내 기술 동향과, 수질 모니터링을 위한 Lab-on-a-chip 형 암모니아 분석 칩, Probe 형 중금속 센서 연구 개발 결과를 요약하고자 한다. 암모니아 분석 칩은 마이크로 유체 소자 내에서 Berthelot reaction을 유도하고, 흡광법에 의하여 물 속에 존재하는 암모니아를 간접적으로 측정하는 방법이다. 또한, 중금속 센서로 일반적인 working electrode 소재로 사용되는 독성이 있는 Hg 보다 친환경적인 개발된 bismuth-modified carbon nanotube와 같은 Bi계 복합소재를 적용하여 물 속에 존재하는 저 농도의 Pb, Cd, Zn을 측정 분석할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 분석칩과 중금속 센서를 이용하여 하천에서 샘플링된 물에서의 암모니아 및 중금속 농도를 각각 분석할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 1984

Heavy metal contents in soft tissues of mussels, Mytilus edulis, of Imweon, Banweol, Bay and Yeosu in Korea were determined during 1981∼82. The heavy metal measured were Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe. Depuration of mussel samples in clean seawater was needed adequate in the lowest levels of the complete excretion of gut contents. The 48hr depuration was adequate in the present study. Of the four study areas, Imweon showed the highest Pb, Mn and Fe contents. In Jinhae Bay, St. 9 showed the greatest Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe contents, whereas the highest levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were recorded at Sts. 7, 4 and 2, respectively. The concentrations of metals, except Cu, in mussels decreased with the growth of shell size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.194-197
• /
• 2006

제주도 대표토양을 대상으로 이들의 모재 및 토양단면의 토양 특성을 조사하고, 제주도 대표토양의 주요 유해 중금속 원소의 총 함량을 분석하여 그 분포특성과 이화학 및 광물학적 특성을 비교 평가하였다. 주성분분석 결과 전형적인 화산회토의 특성을 보이는데 하부 층위에서 Si, Al, Fe 함량의 증가 및 표토에서의 염기용탈을 보여주었다. 현무암질 모재 기원임을 보여주는 ferromagnesian 광물들이 주로 관찰되었으며 심토에서는 상당량의 깁사이트가 관찰되는 것이 특징인데 이는 표토에서 과잉 생성된 알루미늄이 하부토양으로 이동하여 이차적으로 생성집적된 것으로 판단된다. 중금속 총함량 분석결과, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr의 함량이 세계 토양 내 함량범위를 초과하였으며 향후 진행될 연구에서 제주도 화산회 토양의 주 점토구성광물인 알로페인을 비롯한 점토광물 및 비정질 물질에 대한 특성 및 정량적 조사와 중금속원소별 화학적 형태 파악을 위한 연속추출분석 등을 수행하여 중금속원소의 존재상을 규명하고 지표 토양 및 지하수 환경으로의 중금속 이동성을 평가하고자 한다.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2010

Effects of heavy metal ions on the gene expression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) were examined in cultured eel hepatocytes. When the expression of CYP1A mRNA was measured by RT-PCR after incubation of eel hepatocytes with benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene (B[$\alpha$]P) at concentrations of 10-8~10-5 M, the CYP1A expression increased with B[$\alpha$]P treatment in a dose dependent manner, showing significant increase at concentrations more than 10-7 M. When the eel hepatocyte was treated with cadmium (10-6 and 10-5 M), the expression of CYP1A was inhibited and especially at higher concentration (10-5 M). The inhibition of CYP1A expression by cadmium was also observed in cells treated with B[$\alpha$]P. In another study, effects of heavy metal ions on the expression of CYP1A were examined in cultured hepatocytes isolated from eel which was treated previously with B[$\alpha$]P in vivo. Hepatocytes isolated from the liver of eel taken at 48 hours after injection of B[$\alpha$]P (10 mg/kg) were cultured for 2 days with cadmium, copper, lead or zinc (10-6 and 10-5 M). The expression of CYP1A was found to be suppressed by the metal ions compared with the control in which CYP1A was induced with previous treatment of B[$\alpha$]P in vivo. The present results may provide an important basic information for studying the effects of heavy metal ions on CYP1A expression in other species of fish and studying toxicological mechanisms of heavy metal ions in aquatic livings.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 2004

In order to estimate the post-ingestion bioavailability of heavy metals and to assess the risk of adverse health effects on human exposure to toxic heavy metals, environmental geochemical surveys were undertaken around the Dogok Au-Ag-Cu and the Hwacheon Au-Ag-Pb-Zn mine sites. Human risk assessment of toxic heavy metals was performed with the results of the SBET(simple bioavailability extraction test) analysis for soil and chemical analytical data for crop plant and water. Arsenic and other heavy metals were highly elevated in tailings from the Dogok(218 As mg/kg, 90.2 Cd mg/kg, 3,053 Cu mg/kg, 9,473 Pb mg/kg, 14,500 Zn mg/kg) and the Hwacheon(72 As mg/kg, 12.4 Cd mg/kg. 578 Pb mg/kg, 1,304 Zn mg/kg) mines. These significant concentrations can impact on soils and waters around the tailing dumps. The quantities of As, Cd and Zn extracted from paddy soils in the Hwacheon mine using the SBET analysis were 55.4%, 20.8% and 26.4% bioavailability, respectively, and for farmland soils in the Dogok mine, 40.8%, 37.6% and 33.0% bioavailability, respectively. From the results of human risk assessment, HI(Hazard Index) value exceeded 1.0 for As in the Hwacheon mine and for Cd in the Dogok mine. Thus, toxic risks for As and Cd exist via exposure(ingestion) of contaminated soil, water and rice grain in these mine sites. The cancer risk for As by the consumption of rice and groundwater in the Hwacheon mine area was 8E-4 and 1E-4, respectively. This risk level exceeds the acceptable risk(1 in 100,000) for regulatory purpose. Therefore, regular ingestion of locally grown rice and ground-water by the local population can pose a potential health threat due to long-term arsenic exposure.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.69-71
• /
• 2003

토양 및 수질 유기물질과 금속 산화물사이의 상호 반응관계는 환경지구화학적으로 중요하게 다루어진다 (Sposito, 1984). 토양내 광물들의 표면은 토양 유기물질의 주요한 부분을 차지하는 휴믹물질, 즉 휴믹산과 펄빅산에 의해서 이온강도와 산도에 따라 피복하는 현상을 일으킨다. 특히, 휴믹산과 펄빅산은 토양 및 수질내 주요한 구성 유기물로 존재하며 다양한 유기화합물과 분자량을 갖으며, 중금속들의 유출에 의한 오염 환경에서 그 화학종과 이동도에 영향을 주게된다 (Thurman, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2015

To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the heavy metal adsorption from internal organs and blood, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from human feces. Some strains resistant to heavy metals were selected by incubation in agar media containing each of chrome and cadmium salts. Among them, a strain named KP-3 was ultimately chosen due to its higher growth rate in selective broth medium containing the heavy metals at the concentration of 0.01%. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. For evaluating the ability to prevent accumulation of heavy metals by selected Lactobacillus sp. strain in vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with heavy metal salts (cadmium, chrome and lead) with or without cultured whole cells for 7 days. The amounts of heavy metals accumulated in liver, kidney and blood were analyzed. As a result, chrome was accumulated to kidney mostly, and lead was frequently found in liver and kidney. Experimental group (rats fed with lactic acid bacteria) showed less accumulation of heavy metal than control group (rats fed with saline solution). The inhibition rates of heavy metal accumulation were calculated to 41.8% (Cd), 33.4% (Cr) and 44.2% (Pb). Especially, feeding lactic acid bacteria strongly reduced accumulation of cadmium in blood. The results showed that feeding Lactobacillus sp. KP-3 could prevent the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the living body.