• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2009

Lilium lancifolium, which is one of the Korean native lilies, possesses several useful genetic characteristics such as growth vigor, bulbil formation and resistance to Fusarium. Hybridization was performed to insert useful traits of Asiatic hybrid "Dreamland" as the male parent with upward direction and dark brown spotless on the petal into L. lancifolium as the female parent. The rate of pollen germination of L. lancifolium and "Dreamland" were 30% and 60%, respectively. The pollen germination ratio of $F_1$ progenies at flowering date was 25-57%, which is between the parents'pollen germination ratio. The individual flowering time was between 113 days and 131 days after planting. Of 99% of all plants, the leaf shape index was more than five, which means that the leaf shape of $F_1$ plants is more influenced by female than male parent. The flower color was separated into four types. 51.5% of the progenies showed orange and 44.2% showed light orange, respectively. The colors seemed to be highly influenced by female parents. Mixed colors of parents, orange yellow and light yellow orange, were 3.1%, 1.2%, respectively. Flowering directions were segregated by three different ways, upside, side, and downside. Side direction, which is medium type between female and male parent, was 73%. All progenies showed lots of spot on petals except one offspring. The percentage of bulbil formation on leaf axil was 49.4%. Among those, the maximum number of bulbil formation was 25. The mean number of bulbil formation per plant was five.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-114
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted to investigate the percentage of fertile seed in terms of crossabilities and relationships of taxonomic affinities for the ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda of interspecific hybrid, ${\times}$ P. rigida rigitaeda and ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda rigida of backcross hybrids, $F_2$ of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda and natural hybrid of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda within Sub-genus Diploxylon of the Genus Pinus. The possibility of establishment of hybrid seed orchard and differentia of hybrids for the purpose of extensive program of reforestation in the future have also been investigated. And, the experimental results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. On the basis of crossabilities as well as on the taxonomic affinities according to the systems of Shaw, Pilger and Duffield, it has been proven that the parental species of those hybrids are of close affinities and range of the fertile hybrid seed production rate was as high as 67-87% in the best hybrid combination (Table 6). 2. Those hybrids seemed to be most promising in the growth perfermance exhibiting 28-80% more volume growth compared to the P. rigida with the statistic significance of 1-5% level (Table 7, 8, 9). And all hybrids exhibit cold hardiness as much as P. rigida except $F_1$ hybrid of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda and it seems to suggest that the characteristics of cold hardiness were transmitted from the P. rigida. 3. With regard to the anatomical characteristics of needle, the hypoderm is biform in most of the hybrid pines and the characteristics of resin canals are medial in all hybrid. And, the fibrovascular bundles are intermediate of both parent in all hybrid. Therefore it was found to be possible to distinguish the hybrids pines from their parents by the needle characteristics (Table 10). 4. It has been demonstrated that the hybrids pines have a phenolic substance (No. 7) of pale yellow at Rf-0.66, same as P. rigida, but no trace of phenolic substance was observed in the P. taeda. This fact will serve as an important criteria for early identification of hybridity in progeny testing (Table 11). 5. It was found to be possible to distinguish by the starch gel electrophoretic variations banding patterns and staining densities of isoperoxidase in the needles of the hybrids pines from their parents (Fig. 1).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1970

To study the varital response of grain, protein and oil yield to different sowing dates and calcium levels in soybean, the most important crop as a protein source in Korea, this experiment was conducted in 1969. Three leading soybean varieties (Choongbukbaek, Ryooku＃3 and Changdanbaekmok) were sown at May 22,, June 11 and July 1 under 3 different calcium levels, 0.50 and 100kg per 10a respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Ryonku ＃3 showed the highest grain yield because of the highest number of pods per hill. In order of protein content, and oil content of grain, Choongbukbaek>Ryooku＃3>Changdanbaekmok and Changdanbaekmok>Choogbukbaek>Ryooku＃3 were found. Ryooku＃3 also showed the highest protein and oil production per unit area owing to the highest grain yield. However. varietal differences of the grain yield the protein and the oil production per unit area varied along the different sowing dates. Interactions between varieties and sowing date on the grain yield should be considered in practice. 2. No difference in the grain yield was found between the first sowing date (May22) and the second (June11) on average. The grain yield in the plot of the third sowing date (July l)was strikingly decreased mainly by the smaller number of pods per hill. The protein and the oil content were not varied significantly by the different sowing dates. The protein and oil production per unit area were lowest in the plot of the third sowing date owing to the decreased grain yield. 3. More calcium application increased the number of branches per hill, the number of pods per hill, and the grain yield. The highest grain yield was found in the plot received 100 kg of calcium hydroxide per 10are. Protein content increased in higher calcium level, but oil content was highest in the plot of noncalcium. More protein production per unit area was gotten by more calcium application because of higher grain yield and protein content. all production increased in higher calcium level by the increased grain yield. 4. High plus (+) correlation was found between stem length and stem weight per hill stem length and grain weight, stem length and grain yield, stem weight per hill and number of pods per hill and grain weight, number of branches per hill and grain weight, number of pods per hill and grain yield, and grain weight and protein content of grain. Minus(-) correlation was recognized between number of pods per hill and grain weight.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-355
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• 1998

Thirty one morphometric characters of specimens in 15 subspecies of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius Pallas) from Eurasia were analyzed to clarify taxonomic status of these subspecies. Five major subgroups in A. agrarius were revealed: I, a largest-size form, specimens from two southern from other six localities in Korea, subspecies coreae and pallescens; III, the other large-size from, specimens from Astrachan in western Russia, subspecies volgensis; IV, a medium-size form, specimens from 16 localities in eastern Asia(North Korea, China, and eastern Russia), subspecies coreae, manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus; V, a small-size form, specimens from 16 localities in western Asia and Europe (Kazakhstan, Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine), subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus. From this morphometric analyses, the followings are concluded: subspecies chejuensis is a larger-size form, as noted by Johnson and Jones(1955): subspecies pallescens is the synonym of subspecies agrarius, as suggested by Koh(1986): subspecies coreae from Korea is a large-size form and is idistinct from other 12 subspecies in Eurasia: the eastern form of subspecies ningpoensis by Corbet(1978) is a medium-size form o subspecies manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, and insulaemus from eastern Asia (China and eastern Russia), and it includea North Korea specimens: a small-size form from western Asia and Europe(subspecies tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus) is the western form of subspecies agrarius by Corbet(1978); the other large-size form of subspecies volgensis from western Russia is a distinct subspecies, which differs from the western subspecies agrarius. Therefore, it is concluded that 15 subspecies of A. agrarius can be classifed into five subspecies (chejuensis, coreae, ningpoensis, agrarius, and volgensis), although it is necessary to measure and analyze morphometric characters of specimens of other seven subspecies(albostriatus, maculatus, rubens, kahmanni, henrici, gloveri, and harti) for the complete reclassification of this species).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variations of climatic factors and yearly variations of productivity in Alisma plantago L. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were collected from the Statistical Year Book of Seungju province, Reserach Report of Seungju Extension Station of Rural Development Administration, and farmers for 10 years from 1983 to 1992. The meteorological data gathered at the Seungju Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic factors and productivity. Yearly variation of the amount of precipitation in October and the minimum temperature in November were large with coefficients of variation(C.V.) of 106.44, 144.08%, respectively, but the variation of the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature from July to September were relatively small. Fresh weight and dry weight of roots vary greatly with C. V. of 30.62, 31.85%, respectivly. Plant height and stem length show more or less small C. V. of 5.51, 6. 26%, respectively and leaf width, leaf length, number of stems and root diameter show still less variation. Correlation coefficients between maximum temperature in November and plant height, stem diamter, number of stems, root diamter and dry weight of roots are positively significant at the 5% level. There are high signficant positive correlations observed, between yield and yield components. The maximum temperature would be used as a predictive variable for the estimation of dry weight of roots and number of stems. Simple linear regression equations by the least square method are estimated for number of stems $(Y_1)$ and the maximum temperature in November(X) as $Y_1=4.7114+0.5333\;X\;(R^2=0.4410)$, and for dry weight of roots$(Y_2)$ and the maximum temperature in November(X) as $Y_2=55.0405+14.3233\;X\;(R^2=0.4511)$

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.200-211
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• 1993

Somatic hybrids of Pleurotus florida ASI 2016 and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 2018 were obtained by protoplast fusion. The 40 fusants($P1{\sim}P40$) was examined for the yield on fermented and pasteurized rice straw in a tray. The carpophore yield of them were showed as the range of $27.0{\sim}155.2$, based on parental values of 100(ASI 2018), The pilei of fusants between orange white colored P. florida and dark grey colored P. ostreatus had mixed colors in the young stage. Other breeding programmes were performed to improve new varieties with high yield and good quality. A new oyster mushroom variety, Wonhyeongneutaribeosus(P72), was developed at the Agricultural Sciences Institute, Rural Development Administration in 1990. This P.florida-ostreatus-ostreatus hybrid P72 was selected from 38 protoplast fusion products($P41{\sim}P78$) between P.florida-ostreatus recombinant P5-M 43-arg rib and P. ostreatus ASI 2-13-0 2001-19-pro orn. The yield indexes of 38 hybrids ranged $40.5{\sim}152.7$ compared with the parental values of 100(ASI 2001). Hybrid P72 was characterized by the large fruiting bundle of semispherical shape with long stipe and by the small and circular pileus, resulting in lower harvesting cost. A significant increase in carpophore production was observed in somatic hybrids of protoplasts due to heterosis. A comparision of hybrid with parents P72 was made using isozyme analysis. The esterase banding patterns could be characterized by new bands in the hybrids. Seven fusion products of four crosses between P.florida ASI 2016 and P. ostreatus ASI 2018 were analysed with respect to the distribution of progenies and segregation of gene markers by random basidiospore analysis. Segregation of alleles should yield progeny of four genotypes in a Mendelian ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 for prototrophs, auxotrophs of one parental type, auxotrophs of the other parental type, and auxotrophic recombinants, respectively. However, five fusants of them did not detect one parental, P.ostreatus, type. Basidiospores could yield progeny of 16 genotypes in the cross of one of the recombinant P5-M43-arg $rib{\times}P. ostreatus$ ASI 2-13-pro orn but the segregants of three fusants were not detected clearly. The allele ratio of loci could be expected 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 for arg, rib, pro and orn. The ratio, however, would be changed to 4 : 1 : 1 : 1 with increasing proportion of argo In almost all the fusants, prototrophic recombinants were recovered in large numbers against auxotrophic markers. Parental genotypes were recovered with the recombinant progeny amounting to $38.68{\sim}99.56%$. The analysis provides proof of heterokaryosis and strong evidence for haploidy of vegetative nuclei, a sexual cycle consisting of nuclear fusion and meiosis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of weed competition in sesame and the periods for weed control. Competition periods (days), for which sesame was seeded under transparent polyethylene film at May 15, were 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and full growth season of sesame. Weed control periods (days), for which sesame was seeded under black polyethylene film at June 15, were 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and full growth season of sesame. Dominant weeds were Ponulaca oleracea, Digitaria sanguinalis, Acalypha australis, L. Cyperus arnuricus, Arenaria aesrphllifolia, Cardamine flexucosa, Mollugo Stricta and Digitaria eschaemum. The number of weeds was maximum at the 30 days after planting. Broad leaf weeds were dominant than grass weeds, and then decreased the total number of weeds by the reason of major decrease of broad leaf weeds. However, the weight of weeds increased continuously. No weeds appeared until the 15 days after planting and the weight of broad leaf weeds was heavier than that of grass weeds until 45 days after planting. However, grass weeds were heavier than broad leaf weeds after 60 days after planting. The hazards of weeds on the growth and development appeared seriously from the 60 to 75 days after planting, but main yield reduction appeared from 30 days after planting. Therefore once more hand weeding should be practiced within 30 days after planting to minimize yield decrease. Serious hazards by weed growing appeared by removing black PE film after 15 to 30 days after planting in growth characteristics and 30 days later in grain yield. Leaf growth showed maximum from 45 to 60 days after planting and then decreased as compared with the continuous increase of stem and root in optimum planting, transparent PE film mulch and hand weeding. Leaf growth didn't show reducing in PE film mulch and weedy check but total weight of weeds increased and growth of sesame decreased as compared to PE film mulch and hand weeding. Leaf, stem and root growth of sesame, and weed weight under black PE film mulch showed same tendancy and lower growth of sesame as compared with optimum planting, transparent PE film mulch. Correlation between sesame yield and weeds weight were r =$ -0.874^{**}$ in the optimum planting and r = $-0.712^{**}$ in the late planting, so that the more weeds increase, the lesser sesame yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1995

White clover (Trifolium repens L) gives rise to either weak persistence or overdominance in the pastures. To get information on grazing method to surmount the problem, the experiment was done to measure the effect of infrequent, frequent and their alternations on harvest yield and morphological characteristics of the clover. Individual plants of Regal, Louisiana S-l, Grasslands Huia, and Aberystwyth S184 were grown in 22cm plastic pot containing a 2： 1： 1 soil： sand： Peat moss mixture for 27 days after transplanting 50-day seedlings raised on 3cm pots, and then their all fully expanded leaves are trimmed. Defoliation treatments were forced every 1 (CC, frequent), 4 week(RR,infrequent) or their alternations(CR, RC) after 8 weeks from the trimming. To analyze the treatment effects, plants were sampled on 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the trimming. Harvest yield of infrequent defoliation (RR) was higher than that of frequent defoliation (CC). Leaf area and no. of leaves per plant, petiole length and stolon length per plant, moreover, showed the similar result to the yield but stolon length and leaf area per g were reverse. The alternation of infre-quent and then frequent defoliation (RC) had greater yield than that of their reverse (CR) although both alternations showed intermediate ones compared to CC and RR. Morphological characteristics, furthermore, related to the clover leaf were immediately changed by alternations of defoliation inter-val(RC and CR) while those done to the stolon were lasted longer thereafter(RC and CR). Harvest yields in RC and CR were positively correlated to leaf area and no. of leaves or stolon length per plant but negatively done to leaf area and stolon length per g. It is concluded that weak persistence or overdominance of white clover in pasture can be controlled by alternation of infrequent and then frequent defoliation or reverse.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate imported tomato $F_1$ cultivars as breeding materials for the resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by molecular markers and bioassay. From marker genotyping and disease evaluation of 40 $F_1$ cultivars, most of the cultivars declared as TYLCV-resistance carried heterozygous marker genotype for the TYLCV resistance genes Ty-1, Ty-3, or Ty-3a, and showed low disease rates. Whereas, 4 of 5 $F_1$ cultivars declared as intermediate resistance showed marker genotype for susceptibility and disease rates ranged 18.1-33.3%. However, the xx cultivars showed inconsistency in marker genotype and disease rate. Characterization of horticultural traits of the $F_1$ cultivars with TYLCV-resistance indicated that large-size fruit cultivars were higher in yield and similar in sugar contents and solid-acid ratio compared to a control cultivar preferred in the domestic market, although hardness remained to be a problem. On the other hand, cherry tomato cultivars showed lower yield and brix, but longer internode compared to a control cultivar, indicating that breeding for TYLCV-resistance using these cultivars will require more efforts and time compared to large-sized.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Protoplasts from cabbage and radish were isolated and fused symmetrically by PEG treatment. The PEG treated mixture of high concentrated protoplasts produced lots of micro-calli after $2{\sim}3$ weeks. The microcalli developed to normal calli and shoots were regenerated from the calli. A total of 218 shoots were regenerated, but none of them contained the NWB-CMS specific DNA marker, indicating that the transfer of the radish NWB-CMS character into cabbage did not occur. However, ISSR analysis revealed that the cell fusion between protoplasts from radish and cabbage was occurred (3 out of 208 plantlet). The fused regenerants possessed the characteristics of source plants used for protoplast fusion. After vernalization, three regenerants were flowered with white petal color as seen in radish. Only three seeds were able to obtain from one regenerant by backcrossing with the cabbage pollen.