• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.916-923
• /
• 2000

Numerical study of three-dimensional turbulent flow in a forward curved centrifugal fan is presented. Standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates arc used to consider the turbulent flow field and complex geometry. Finite Volume approach is adopted for discretization scheme and structured grid system is used to help convergence. Multiblock grid system is used for flow field and divided into five domains that are inlet, outlet, impeller, tip clearance and scroll. It is assumed that the flow field is steady and incompressible. These numerical results are compared with the experimental data inside a rotor and at the fan outlet. Most important flow features are captured through this numerical approach. Finally details of flow field inside a fan are described and analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.6_1
• /
• pp.959-971
• /
• 2019

CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is one representative deep learning algorithm, which can extract high-level spatial and spectral features, and has been applied for hyperspectral image classification. However, one significant drawback behind the application of CNNs in hyperspectral images is the high dimensionality of the data, which increases the training time and processing complexity. To address this problem, several CNN based hyperspectral image classification studies have exploited PCA (Principal Component Analysis) for dimensionality reduction. One limitation to this is that the spectral information of the original image can be lost through PCA. Although it is clear that the use of PCA affects the accuracy and the CNN training time, the impact of PCA for CNN based hyperspectral image classification has been understudied. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative effect of PCA in CNN for hyperspectral image classification. The hyperspectral images were first transformed through PCA and applied into the CNN model by varying the size of the reduced dimensionality. In addition, 2D-CNN and 3D-CNN frameworks were applied to analyze the sensitivity of the PCA with respect to the convolution kernel in the model. Experimental results were evaluated based on classification accuracy, learning time, variance ratio, and training process. The size of the reduced dimensionality was the most efficient when the explained variance ratio recorded 99.7%~99.8%. Since the 3D kernel had higher classification accuracy in the original-CNN than the PCA-CNN in comparison to the 2D-CNN, the results revealed that the dimensionality reduction was relatively less effective in 3D kernel.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1997

3-dimensional Neuronavigator, Viewing Wand(ISG Technologies, Toronto, Cannda) is the surgery aid equipment for real time image (CT or MRI) guided surgery. The assurance of spatial accuracy of this system is important for clinical application. In this study, we have designed the acrylic brain phantom and measured the spatial error with that phantom. The phantom has designed to have capability to simulate image guided surgery. The phantom has 22 vertical rods whose diameters are 5mm and each rods has different length. CT scans were performed by 2.0mm slice and reconstructed for 3-Dimensional analysis. End point of rods can be obtained using reconstructed 3- Dimensional images and they are compared to actual position data. Average deviation was less than 2mm for various situations. Spatial error of Viewing Wand is acceptable in the clinical points of view, while cosmetics of the software needs to be modified to more user friend. Better accuracy can be expected when we apply the mixed fiducial fit registration and surface fit registration method. And even better results can be obtained if registration points distributed even and symetric around the target.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.5 s.180
• /
• pp.597-605
• /
• 2006

In this study, we examined the applicability of 3-D electrical resistivity survey to detect underground cavities within ground subsidence area at the field test site, located at Yongweol-ri, Muan-gun in Korea. Underground cavities are widely present within the limesilicate bedrock overlain by the alluvial deposits in the area of the test site where the ground subsidences have occurred in the past. The limesilicate cavities are mostly filled with groundwater and clays in the test site. Thus, cavities have low electrical resistivity compared to the surrounding host bedrock. The results of the study have shown that the zones of low resistivity correspond to the zones of the cavities identified in the boreholes at the test site, and that the 3-D electrical resistivity survey is very effective to detect underground cavities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.591-597
• /
• 2012

Medical device performance has been advanced while images are expected to be acquired with further higher quality and pertinent applicability as images have been increasing in importance in analyzing major organs. Recent high frequency of image processing by MATLAB in image analysis area accounts for the intent of this study to segment pulmonary vessels by means of MATLAB. This study is to consist of 3 phases including pulmonary region segmentation, pulmonary vessel segmentation and three dimensional connectivity assessment, in which vessel was segmented, using threshold level, from the pulmonary region segmented, vessel thickness was measured as two dimensional refining process and three dimensional connectivity was assessed as three dimensional refining process. It is expected that MATLAB-based image processing should contribute to diversity and reliability of medical image processing and that the study results may lay a foundation for chest CT images-related researches.

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.177-204
• /
• 1998

In the present study, a method of quasi-three dimensional stability analysis is proposed for a systematic design of the GRS-RW(Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall) system based on the postulated three dimensional failure wedge. The proposed method could be applied to the analysis of the stability of both the straight-line and cove-shaped are. As with skew reinforcements. Maximum earth thrust expected to act on the rigid face wall is assumed to distribute along the depth, and wall displacements are predicted based on both the assumed compaction-induced earth pressures and one dimensional finite element method of analysis. For a verification of the procedure proposed in the present study, the predicted wall displacements are compared with chose obtained from the RMC tests in Canada and the FHWA tests in U.S.A. In these comparisons the wall displacements estimated by the methods of Christopher et at. and Chew & Mitchell are also included for further verification. Also, the predicted wall displacements for the convex-shaped zone reinforced with skew reinforcements are compared with those by $FLAC_{3D}$ program analyses. The assumed compaction-induced earth pressures evaluated on the basic of the proposed method of analysis are further compared with the measurements by the FHWA best wall. A parametric stduy is finally performed to investigate the effects of various design parameters for the stability of the GRS-RW system

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 1998

In the present study, a method of the three-dimensional limit equilibrium stability analysis of shape of the potential failure wedge for the concave-shaped excavation corner is assumed on the basis of the results of the FLACSU program analysis. Estimation of the three-dimensional seepage forces expected to act on the failure wedge is made by solving the three-dimensional continuity equation of flow with appropriate boundary conditions. By using the proposed method of three-dimensional stability analysis of the concave-shaped excavation corner, a parametric study is performed to examine the reinforcement effect of skew soil nailing system, range of the efficient skew angles and seepage effect on the overall stability. Also examined is the effect of an existence of the right-angled excavation corner on three-dimensional deflection behaviors of the convex-shaped skew soil nailing walls. The results of analyses of the convexshaped excavation corner with skew soil nailing system is further included to illustrate the effects of various design parameters for typical patterns of skew nails reinforcement system.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2004

지식정보사회로의 변화가 점차로 심화되면서, 기존의 법 이론으로서는 설명하기 어려운 여러 가지 새로운 법적 현상이 나타나게 되었다. 디지털, 정보, 네트워크 등 정보사회의 특징은 아날로그, 유체물, 소유에 중점을 두고 있는 현재의 법 원리에 근본적인 변화를 요구하고 있다. 이에 정보 홍수 속에서 의사소통과 법 해석의 문제, 기본 권리, 무체물의 재산성, 액세스에서의 권리성 등 정보사회에 대한 법 이론적 논의가 필요하게 되었다. 본 고에서는 정보보호라는 차원에서 현행 우리 헌법에서 정보보호문제가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는 지에 대해 살펴보고, 정보보호관련 법규들을 우리 헌법상의 국민의 기본권으로서의 전체적인 시각에서 개괄적으로 고찰하여 보고자 한다.

• The Optical Journal
• /
• s.110
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2007

고기능 CMOS 이미지 센서는 현재 차재나 시큐리티 등의 응용을 목표로 실용화 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그리고 정보통신으로의 응용도 가시광통신 등의 보급에 따라 이후 연구가 활발해질 것으로 생각된다. 바이오 의료 관계는 아직 연구단계에 있지만, 앞으로 고령화 사회가 도래할 것을 생각하면 필요한 기술이라고 할 수 있다. 단 실제 장착기술뿐 아니라 윤리적인 면도 포함하여 난제가 산재해있어 지금부터 착실한 연구개발이 필요하다. 앞으로의 발전에 기대가 된다. 본 고에서는 이러한 고기능 CMOS 이미지센서의 보고 예에 대해 차재.시큐리티 응용에서는 광다이나믹레인지화, 3차원거리계측에 대해, 정보통신기술응용에서는 광ID태그, 광무선LAN을 기술하겠다. 그리고 바이오의료응용으로서 바이오이미징과 인공시각에 대해서 서술하고, 마지막으로 앞으로의 전망에 대해서 정리하겠다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1999.06a
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 1999

전력 증폭기의 3차나 5차 비선형성은 인접 통신 채널에 직접적인 영향을 미치므로 선형화 기법을 이용하여 출력단의 혼변조 신호를 감쇄시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 전력 증폭기의 입력 신호를 기저대역에서 왜곡시켜 전력 증폭기를 선형화 시키는 디지털 사전 왜곡기를 구현하였다. 측정에 앞서, 모의실험을 통하여 시스템 변수에 따른 선형화기의 성능을 예측하고, 1차원 참조표(look-up table)를 사용한 사전 왜곡기의 측정 결과, 약 9 dB의 ACPR 개선 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.