• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2005

고분해능 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 PRAM소자의 상변화물질인 $Ge_{2}Sb_{2}Te_{5}(GST)$의 결정화에 관해 미세구조 분석을 수행하였다. 결정성을 측정하는 일반적인 방법인 XRD법에 비해 고분해능 투과전자현미경을 이용한 미세구조 분석은 XRD에서 분석할 수 없는 결정화 초기 양상을 분석할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 소자내부의 국부적인 영역과 같이 특정한 영역에서의 결정구조 및 원자배열에 관한 분석이 가능하였다. 이를 통해 GST박막의 전기적 특성이 결정립 크기에 직접적으로 연관성이 있음을 밝혀내었다. GST의 결정구조 및 원자배열에 관해서는, 제한시야전자회절 기법을 통해 준안정상에서의 GST는 FCC 구조를 가지고 안정상의 GST는 hexagonal 구조를 가짐을 보여주었으며, 고분해능 이미지 관찰을 통해 원자단위로 GST의 결정성을 규명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.11b
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 1996

40$0^{\circ}C$ $H_2O$, D$_2$O 및 $O_2$ 분위기에서 Zr-2.5wt% Nb 합금의 부식거동을 비교.분석하였다. Zr-2.5wt% Nb 합금은 열처리에 따른 조직에 따라 각각의 부식매질에 대해 부식거동이 큰 차이를 보이고 있으나, 형성된 oxide는 열처리 및 부식매질에 관계없이 monoclinic ZrO$_2$ 만이 관찰되었다. 급냉조직인 martensitic $\alpha$'-Zr 상과 소둔처리 조직의 준안정상인 $\beta$-Zr 상의 경우. 부식분위기에 매우 민감하여, D$_2$O, H $_2$O, $O_2$ 순으로 큰 부식속도를 보였다. 반면, 안전성들인 $\alpha$-Zr과 $\beta$-Nb 상의 경우, 부식 분위기에 따른 별다른 부식거동 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이들 실험 결과를 바탕으로 월성형 원자로 압력관의 부식특성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 1987

The effects aging on some properties and thermal-shock behavior of zirconia partially stabilized with 9 mol% MgO (9MZ) were studied. 9MZ specimens were aged over $1200^{\circ}$-$1400^{\circ}C$ for 12hours subsequently, after sintering at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. Fracture strength(both before and after thermal-shock test), linear thermal expansion, monoclinic fraction and phase transition by XRD, density, galvanic potential and microstructure were measured. Quantitative chemical analysis around the grain-boundary of the specimen aged at $1350^{\circ}C$ was also conducted by EDX. The aging of 9MZ specimen causes a thermal decomposition of cubic-$ZrO^{2}$ into the formation metastable tetragonal-$ZrO^{2}$ and MgO. The former increases the residual strength after thermal-shock test and the latter improves the thermal-shock resistance due to thermal conduction through the continuous magnesia phase and the formation of monoclinic phase content in matrix were increased with decreasing the aging temperature from $1400^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$. Galvanic potential of the aged specimen exhibited a proper emf characteristic.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 1991

It has been found that the as-quenched ribbons of $Sm_{x}Fe_{100-x-y}Ti_{y}(3.8{\leq}x{\leq}11.5,\;3.8{\leq}y{\leq}19.2)$ are composed of metastable $TbCu_{7}-type$ structure, ${\alpha}-(Fe,\;Ti),\;Fe_{2}Ti$ and an unknown phase accompanying strong diffraction line at $d=2.14{\AA}$. The metastable $TbCu_{7}-type$ phase, which was formed by rapid quenching, did not transform fully to the stable phases after annealing at $850^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes except the one existed in $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon. The $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon, annealed at $850^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes in vacuum, was found to be composed of $ThMn_{12}$. $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases. The formation of $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases in this melt-spun ribbon was due to the evaporation of Sm atoms during the high temperature annealing. The atomic ratios for the surface and the inside of $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon annealed in vacuum were $SmFe_{25.8}Ti_{2.6}$ and $SmFe_{11.7}Ti_{1.0}$ respectively. It is thought to be that much of $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases exist on the surface of ribbon.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1993

We report on kyanite newly found in the Yongduri gneiss complex of the Chuncheon-Hongcheon area, central Gyeonggi massif. Major mineral assemblage of quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the study area consists of biotite+ garnet+ sillimanite + plagioclase+ quartz${\pm}$kyanite${\pm}$K-feldspar${\pm}$muscovite. Kyanite occurs in four samples, and coexists with sillimanite in three of these samples. In most cases, kyanite is anhedral to subhedral, ranges up to Imm in the maximum dimension, and occurs as metastable relict grains. These observations indicate that the Yongduri gneiss complex has experienced a medium-pressure type metamorphism, followed by low-pressure type one belonging to the sillimanite+K-feldspar zone. Average temperature and pressure of the peak metamorphism are $683{\pm}62^{\circ}C$ and 4.9-5.5 kbar, respectively, when the existing chemical data are re-interpreted. In conjunction with the finding of kyanite in the Cheongpyeong-Gapyeong area (Lee and Cho, 19921, this study demonstrates that kyanite may occur regionally in central Gyeonggi gneiss complex. Moreover, the persistence of kyanite even after the high-T metamorphism of the sillimanitetK-feldspar zone suggests that the central Gyeonggi massif has experienced a tectonometamorphic evolution characterized by a rapid uplift.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• no.93
• /
• pp.231-260
• /
• 2011

Simondon's theory of individuation and methodology of transduction presents a possibility of contemporary natural philosophy and a new perspective about the relation between philosophy and sciences. According to Simondon's anti-substantial viewpoint, being, as a metastable system charged with potential energy, complicates itself with quantum leaps transversing successive equilibriums. Individuation is the becoming of phases of being which transits from preindividual state to individuated states. Physical individuation as a paradigmatic model of individuation in general demonstrates not only insufficiency of form-oriented hylomorphism, but also spontaneous formational capacity of matter and reality of energetic relational operation immanent in matter. Genesis of a individual (structure or form) occurs as a resolution of the disparation between orders of magnitude, that is, the difference of potentials immanent in nature through the internal resonance, communication by information, transductive relation between the opposites. I'm trying to show that Simondon revives 'physis' of ancient natural philosophy by his own transductive applications of contemporary physics' conceptions, and therefore suggest a new non-reductive materialism. Especially Simondon's 'transduction' which is neither induction, deduction, nor dialectic, but an original ontological process and a peculiar method of thinking, I think, is worthy of note in order to construct network of knowledge and inter-relation between various sciences.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 1993

Silaethene $Cl_2$Si=$CHCH_2^tBu$, generated as a metastable reaction intermediate by the thermal eliminatio of LiCl from lithiated compound $Cl_2$Si=$CHCH_2^tBu$, react with propene, 2-methylpropene, 1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and anthracene to give ene-reaction product, 2+2-, and 2+4-cycloadducts. They are isolated by vacuum fractional distillation method and spectroscopically identified.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.34-34
• /
• 2003

산업의 발달로 인하여 자원재활용의 문제와 환경 오염 방지와 더불어 에너지 절약에 대한 중요성이 확대되면서 분리 고정을 이용한 환경 오염 방지 및 에너지 절약에 대한 관심이 확대되었다. 세라믹 필터는 열악한 환경에서의 적용 그리고 에너지 소모가 적은 장점을 가지고 있다. 여러종류의 재료들 중에서 기공의 제어가 용이한 알루미나 여과막은 보에하미트(${\gamma}$-AlOOH) 분말과 금속 알콕사이드(ATSB, aluminum tri-sec butoxide)를 사용하여 간단하게 제조할 수 있다. 알루미나는 열처리 론도에 따라 $\alpha$-A1$_2$O$_3$ 결정상 뿐만 아니라 몇 가지 준안정한 결정구조를 가진다. 보에마이트(${\gamma}$-AlOOH)는 45$0^{\circ}C$ 근처에서 미세한 기공을 가진 ${\gamma}$-A1$_2$O$_3$로 상전이 되는 것으로 알려져 있고, 120$0^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 온도에서 열처리하게 되면 미세구조의 변화는 일어나지 않고 약간의 입자 성장만을 수반하는 $\delta$-A1$_2$O$_3$ 또는 $\theta$-A1$_2$O$_3$으로 상전이가 일어난다. $\alpha$-A1$_2$O$_3$로의 상전이는 기공 크기의 변화와 vermicular구조를 가지는 비정상적인 입자성장을 수반하게 된다. 여과막은 기공크기와 분포를 제어하는 것이 매우 중요하므로, 상전이와 미세구조의 변화를 이해하는 것은 중요하다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.250-254
• /
• 2007

3원계 Al-Nb-Zr의 용응 합금을 스프렛 ?봬?(splat-quenching) 방법을 이용하여 급속냉각응고 한 후, 응고된 시편을 698K에서 200시간까지 열처리하여 상전이를 연구하였다. 급속응고 및 열처리된 시편의 미세구조는 X-선 회절 및 투과전자 현미경으로 분석하였다. Al-1.95Nb-0.65Zr, Al-1.3Nb-1.3Zr, 및 Al-0.65Nb-1.95Zr (at%) 3원 합금계를 연구하였다. 각 합금의 조성은 Vegard's 법칙을 적용하여 Al(${\alpha}$)의 기지조직과 $L1_2-Al_3(Nb,Zr)$의 석출상들이 정합을 이루도록 선택되었다. 급속응고된 후 각 합금은 과고용된 Al(${\alpha}$)의 고용상을 형성하였다. Al-1.3Nb-1.3Zr, 및 Al-0.65Nb-1.95Zr의 급속응고된 상태의 시편을 698K에서 열처리하여 알루미늄 기지와 정합의 계면을 갖는 $L1_2-Al_3(Nb_{0.5}Zr_{0.5})$와 $L1_2-Al_3(Nb_{0.25}Zr_{0.75})$의 상을 각각 석출하였다. 반면 Al-1.95Nb-0.65Zr 합금은 평형상인 $D0_{22}-Al_3(Nb_{0.75}Zr_{0.25})$ 상을 석출하였다. 준안정상의 정합 $Al_3(Nb,Zr)$ 미세 분산상 석출은 입자의 조대화를 억제하고 재료의 고온 강도를 증가될 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 1996

The characteristics of the flow of pure HFC refrigerants(R32, R125, and R134a) and their mixtures through capillary tubes were investigated experimentally. Two capillary tubes with 1.2mm and 1.6mm inner diameter and 1.5m length were adopted as test sections. Mass flow rates and temperatures and pressures were measured for several condensing temperatures and degrees of subcooling at capillary tube inlet. The effects of the condensing temperature, inner diameter of capillary tube, and subcooling on the mass flow rate of refrigerants were discussed, and the mass flow rates of HFC refrigerants were compared with that of R22. The pressure and temperature distributions along the capillary tube compared with that of R22. The pressure and temperature distributions along the capillary tube show that there is a metastable equilibrium state in the flow through the tube. Underpressure for vaporization increases as refrigerant mass flux increases and inlet subcooling decreases. Empirical correlation was suggested to predict underpressure for vaporization of the HFC refrigerants.