• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2021

This study intended to identify causes of poor tree vigor in the Hanbando coastal forest by investigating its geographical environment, climate condition, soil physicochemical characteristics, and growth condition of Pinus thunbergii. It divided the forest into an area with poor tree vigor or dead standing trees and a control area with good tree vigor and examined them separately. The survey showed that stand density was significantly higher in the area with poor tree vigor. In contrast, the crown width in the area with good tree vigor was wider. The number of dead standing trees and the stand density showed a negative correlation. The stand density and diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, crown height, and crown width also showed a negative correlation. The result indicated that, as the tree's stand density increases, the crowns of individual trees overlapped and the lower branches died. Then crown height and crown width decreased, and the number of leaves and photosynthesis was reduced, leading to lower tree height and weaker growth of breast diameter. As a result, tree vigor weakened, and combined with environmental pressures from the lack of moisture and nutrients in coastal soil and salty wind, P. thunbergii in coastal areas is expected to die massively. Although the causes of dead standing trees and poor tree vigor of P. thunbergii in the Hanbando coastal forest are complicated, poor management of adequate tree density in response to the growth of P. thunbergii is the primary cause. The secondary cause is external environmental pressures, including unfavorable soil conditions and salty and strong wind that obstruct the growth of P. thunbergii.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2021

By 2050, 70% more food will be needed to fulfill the demands of a growing population. Among the solutions, cultured meat or clean meat is presented as a sustainable alternative for consumers. Scientists have begun to leverage knowledge and tools accumulated in the fields of stem cell and tissue engineering in efforts aimed at the development of cell-based meat. Cultured meat has to recreate the complex structure of livestock muscles with a few cells. Cells start to divide after they are cultured in a culture medium, which provides nutrients, hormones, and growth factors. An initial problem with this type of culture is the serum used, as in vitro meat aims to be slaughter free. Thus, it is contradictory to use a medium made from the blood of dead calves. The serum is expensive and affects to a large extent the production cost of the meat. A positive aspect related to the safety of cultured meat is that it is not produced from animals raised in confined spaces and slaughtered in inhumane conditions. Thus, the risk of an outbreak is eliminated, and there is no need for vaccinations and animal welfare issues. The production of cultured meat is presented as environmentally friendly, as it is supposed to produce less greenhouse gas, consume less water, and use less land in comparison to conventional meat production.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.37
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• pp.107-140
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• 2021

In this article, I reveal the ontological basis or grounds of 'Sangsaeng' through the Heideggerian Thought by focusing on 'HaewonSangsaeng' in Daesoon Thought and Daesoon Jinrihoe. 'Sangsaeng' means 'to live (well) with others.' 'Living' in this context means not only humans living among humans, but also all beings that exist and are able to live well with each other. At this time, we can find the basis for 'Sangsaeng' in Daesoon Thought or Daesoon Jinrihoe through Heidegger's 'Geviert-Welt,' 'Gelassenheit,' and 'Wohnen.' In other words, we can provide a basis for 'Sangsaeng' through 'Geviert-Welt' in which one of the 'four' of 'earth, sky, divine things, and those who will die' unfold in a mutually beneficent manner, and the human attitude of 'Gelassenheit' can enter 'Geviert-Welt.' Naturally, when limited to humans, this 'Sangsaeng' is achieved through 'Wohnen,' a way of being a human who enters the 'Gevirt-Welt' and lives while taking care of everything that exists. However, 'Wohnen' takes place in 'Geiert-Welt.' Therefore, in this article, I insist that the ethical ideology or guideline of Daesoon Thought or Daesoon Jinrihoe's 'Sangsaeng' is already ideologically achieved through an ontological horizon such as 'Gevier-Welt,' 'Gelassenheit,' and 'Wohnen.' And under these circumstances, it can be revealed that 'Haewon' is already being resolved.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2020

"The Man Standing Next" was a 'anger-character movie' that shows a fierce psychological game between the characters. Inspired by this point, it was analyzed the narrative structure of this film based on scene unit applying the 'Five-stage Anger Model' formulated by Lakoff and Kövecses and others. The results showed that the causality and feasibility of the protagonist's anger behavior were highly reflected above the model. In particular, among the five steps, the film-maker spent the longest time on 'anger control' justifying the hero's motivation for punishment or retaliation, while giving the shortest time to 'loss of control' to maximize the urgentness of the punitive actions. The detonator causing his anger at each stage was disposed two to six times each stage with neglect, contempt, arrogance, ostentation, mockery, unauthorized intervention, etc. Sneering of "Chief Security Officer" and insulting of "The President" make the protagonist feel the scorn of a terrible friend-murderer each functioned as a "rage trigger." In conclusion, the film follows the above sophisticated model in its narrative structure. Though it was a political drama that sets up a lot of anger scheme caused from public reasons, it reflects ordinary people's routine anger, which corresponds to 24 percent of the list of Nobaco's Provocation Inventory (PI). The producers elaborately reflected the anger procedure theory and balanced the public and private drivers of rage. It was considered to be derived from the intention to enhance communication with the audience increasing their understanding and aspiration for political movie that are usually heavy and unfamiliar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

Volatile compounds in three different kinds of crude vinegars obtained from oak (Quercus serrata), bamboo (phyllostachys) and pine (Pinus densiflora) species were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. A total of 264 peaks were detected on the chromatograms obtained from the polar (CBP 20) and the nonpolar (CBP 1) columns, which were used for analyzing the volatile compounds in these vinegars. The major volatile compounds identified by using the polar column were 2-butanone, acetic acid, guaiacol, phenol, cresols, 4-ethyl guaiacol, 4-ethyl phenol, and syringol. Using the nonpolar column, seven compounds could be identified: 1,2-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(2-furanyl)-1-propane, ethisolide, furfuryl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, phenyl acetate. The volatile compounds were classified into five groups: phenols, neutral compounds, organic acids, esters and others. The phenols were the main component and comprised 49~65% of the volatile compounds of these vinegars. In the case of bamboo vinegar, the proportion of the phenols in the volatile compounds was lower than that of the two wood vinegars. However, the proportions of the neutral compounds and the organic acids were higher than those of the wood vinegars. Therefore, it seems that these differences of the proportions of the volatile compounds would make a certain difference of a smoke flavor between the bamboo vinegar and the wood vinegars.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.74-79
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• 2002

Three different kinds of the crude vinegars obtained from oak(Quercus serrata), bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens) and pine(Pinus densiflora) species were stored for approximately one year and periodically analyzed to monitor their physicochemical changes. Small changes in physical properties, such as the pH, specific gravity and amount of organic acids as well as water-soluble tar were observed in the entire course of aging period. However, the color difference of the vinegars showed a remarkable change between 7 and 10 months. In addition, these vinegars' colors changed from light yellowish orange to much deeper purple and orange during this period. The amount of organic acids and neutral compounds(dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-cyclopenten-3-one, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone and methanol) in the vinegars increased or decreased periodically every three months. A good linear relationship (correlation coefficient of ca. 0.92) was obtained between the amount of organic acids and the amount of neutral compounds in such changes. However, although the amount of phenols increased or decreased periodically, its amount was decreased over the entire aging.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

Three different species of green and air-dried Korean bamboos were carbonized by using three different types of kilns designated as special (800~1000℃), improved (600~700℃) and simple kiln (400~500℃), and the bamboo vinegars obtained from the carbonization processes were characterized. In the case of the special kiln, most of the bamboo vinegars obtained at the first recovery stage showed high values of specific gravity and also in content of organic acid and water-soluble tar. The bamboo vinegars obtained from the improved kiln showed various physical properties depending on their species. In the case of simple kiln, the bamboo vinegars obtained from air-dried bamboos and at temperatures below 80℃, showed a higher specific gravity and more water-soluble tar as well as total organic components than those obtained at 80~150℃. A good linear relationship (correlation coefficient of ca. 0.90) was obtained between the specific gravities and the sum of organic acids and water-soluble tars. Therefore, this correlation coefficient might be a good index to determine the quality of bamboo vinegars. The major chemical constituents of the bamboo vinegars were acetic acid and considerable amounts of phenols: guaiacol, ethyl guaiacol, syringol, and methyl syringol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.641-646
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• 2022

There are concerns about the environmental release of living modified organism (LMO) maize created to increase yields. In fact, there are cases in which LMO crops for feed have been leaked in Korea to form autoite colonies, and concerns about LMO spill are intensifying. In this study, the possibility of environmental outflow and occurrence of native organisms was analyzed using maize feed and seeds distributed in Korea. In the evaluation of the possibility of spontaneous occurrence of maize in the event of an unintentional release of maize feed made by crushing maize, the incidence rate of maize was 0.01%, which was extremely low compared to the germination rate of maize seeds. A survey of the dormant rate of maize showed that all maize seeds collected every month were dead. In the germination rate test by temperature using Daehak wax corn and Kwangpyeongok, high germination rates were found at 20℃ and 30℃, and relatively low germination rates were found at 10℃ and 40℃. In addition, all germination tests showed a higher germination rate Daehak wax corn than Kwangpyeongok. The difference between domestic and overseas cultivation maize was confirmed through a survey on the agricultural properties of three varieties of maize. The data obtained through this experiment could be the basis for the evaluation of the weediness potential of environmental risk assessment and technology to suppress the occurrence of autoite in preparation for future LMO spills.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1989

Thirteen varieties of Tongil type and ten of Japonica type which were produced in Korea, in 1985, were campa red in namely, width, thickness, length and weight of rice grains. Thousand-grain weight of paddy, brown rice and milled rice were not significantly different between Tongil type and Japonica type, but difference of paddy-brown rice and brown rice-milled rice had significant (p<2,859** and 4.316***, respectively), and the ratio of difference of paddy-brown rice was higher Tongil type than Japonica type. Width, thickness and length of paddy, brown rice and milled rice was significant (width : p<5.189***, 5.289** and 5.466***, thickness: p<3.371** 4.074*** and 5.988***, length: p<3.016**, 4.419*** and 5.492*** in paddy, brown rice and milled rice, respectively) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, and then the width and thickness of Japonica type were thicker than Tongil type, but length of Japonica type was shorter than Tongil type width/thickness ratio of paddy wes significant (p<2.396*) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, but its brown rice and milled rice was not. And length/width and length/ thickness ratio of paddy, brown rice and milled rice were significant (length/width : p<5.525***, 5.495*** and 5.863***, length/thickness: p<4.734***, 6,863*** and 8.425*** in paddy, brown rice and milled rice) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, and then its ratio were higher Tongil type than Japonica type.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

In this article, this study examines the issue of "Physician-assisted Suicide" and how Ramon Sampedro asserts his right to a dignified death through litigation. Ramon, the protagonist of the movie <The Sea Inside> is a patient, severely paralyzed man who has spent more than 26 years in bed. The only thing he can do is verbally ask his family for help. Ramon can no longer support this worthless existence, so he pursues death with dignity. Ramon files a lawsuit to authorize death with dignity within a legal framework, but is denied on the grounds that life is a duty. Ramon eventually fulfills his desire for death with dignity with the help of his friends. Ramon sets up a camera to document the process of his death and introduces the cyanide, which is used in assisted dying, by inhaling cyanide in front of the camera and dying quietly. Although Ramon is not a terminally ill patient, who can blame him for practicing death with dignity as he chooses to do so. We will need to work to build social consensus and legislate for death with dignity for seriously ill patients like Ramon.