• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate paramedic students' awareness and attitude toward a do not resuscitate (DNR) order and death. Methods: This research was conducted among 421 students from the Department of Emergency Medical Technology in a 4-year college located in the Chungcheong and Daejeon districts, from May 14 to 22, 2014. Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS 21.0. Results: The mean level of attitude toward death was 2.17. The paramedic students with clinical experience showed a positive attitude toward death, of whom 72.0% answered that a DNR order is necessary. The mean level of attitude toward DNR was 2.88. The paramedic students with clinical experience showed a positive attitude toward a DNR order. They indicated that sanctity of life should be respected rather than extending ineffective treatment and that patients' decisions on DNR should be respected. The students who had more knowledge about DNR and felt the necessity of DNR had a positive attitude about death and DNR. Conclusion: Paramedic students need systematic education for proper recognition and values establishment about death and DNR.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the role of nurses with regard to the perception of good death, knowledge of advance directives, and stress and attitude toward withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Methods: Data were collected from 102 nurses working at a general hospital. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression using the SPSS 28.0.1.0 program. Results: Educational level (β=.37, p=.001 for bachelor; β=.33, p=.005 for master or higher) and good death perception (β=.22, p=.024) were significant factors of the role of nurses associated with withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, information about awareness of good death should be included in development of an educational program in order to strengthen the role of nurses in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment of patients.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of death perception, terminal care attitude on clinical nurses' terminal care performance for cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires filled by 526 nurses at a General Hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. Results: Death perception showed a positive correlation with terminal care attitude (r = .45, p < .001), while there was no correlation with terminal care performance. Additionally, terminal care attitude had a positive correlation with terminal care performance (r = .18, p < .001). The explanatory power of nurses' death perception and terminal care attitude toward terminal care performance was 14%. Conclusions: The study results imply that nurses' death perception and terminal care attitude are significant variables affecting terminal care performance.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of nursing student's values on attitudes toward death of them. The subjects for this study was based 356 students of high school in Gwang Ju. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, reliability, factor analysis, t-test, one -way ANOVA, scheffe, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean score for values was 24.31 The mean score for attitudes of death was 34.02 2. There was significant differences of attitudes of death according to religion, socioeconomic state, existence of parent, grades, smoking, alcohol intaking 3. There was a positive correlation that is values and attitudes toward death of nursing student. 4. There was a significant predictors influencing attitudes toward death of nursing students were values and alcohol intaking and these predictors accounted for 18.2% of attitudes toward death of them.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a death education program on attitude to death and meaning in life for university students. Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental and non-synchronized with a non-equivalent control group. The study subjects were 28 students at a college in Busan. The experimental group (n=14) participated in a death education program. While the control group (n=14) didn't. The program consisted of lectures and discussions for 6 hours a day over 5 days. The 30-hr course examined the meaning of death, modern society and death, hospice movements and desirable life and death. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, attitude to death and meaning in life. Collected data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test, t-test using SPSS 11.0 WIN Program. Results: The attitude to death scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group (p=.000). The meaning in life scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (p=.039). Conclusions: These findings showed that the death education program was effective to enhance the attitude to death and meaning in life among in college students. Therefore, a continuing death education program can be applied as an effective nursing intervention for other subjects.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to examine the effects of death education program on meaning in life, death anxiety and attitude toward nursing care of the dying patients among nursing students. Methods : Subjects were 155 nursing students of the K college. Before and after the intervention, students responded a questionnaire developed to measure meaning in life, death anxiety and attitude toward nursing care of the dying patients. To analyse the data, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, and paired t-test were used with an SPSS 12.0 program. Results : 1. Meaning in life and attitude toward nursing care of the dying patients levels significantly increased, death anxiety levels significantly decreased. 2. Meaning in life levels increased significantly in the 20-24 age group, female, first grade, no religion, no death experience of relatives. 3. Death anxiety levels decreased significantly in the 20-24 age group, female, no religion, no death experience of relatives, but increased significantly in a buddhist group. 4. Attitude toward nursing care of the dying patients levels increased significantly in the 20-24 age group, female, first grade, won buddhist, no death experience of relatives. Conclusions : This study, through the above result, shows that the death education program can be an effective nursing education to improve meaning in life and attitude toward nursing care of the dying patients and to decrease death anxiety. These results suggest that the death education program will be helpful for recognizing the values of themselves and their current lives and improving their nursing intervention care of the dying patients.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and "a good death" affect attitudes toward terminal care. Method : Participants included 109 ICU nurses from three university hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and collected data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression analysis (SPSS 24.0 program). Results : Perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and a sense of closeness (a constituent for the awareness of "a good death") were positively correlated with terminal care attitudes. The factors affecting terminal care attitudes were a clinical career in ICU (${\beta}=.20$, p =.035), a sense of closeness(${\beta}=.19$, p =.041), and the perception of a life-sustaining treatment decision (${\beta}=.22$, p =.017). This finding indicates that more than 10 years of experience in ICU, a greater sense of closeness, and a higher view of life-sustaining treatment decisions results in more positive attitudes toward terminal care. The explanatory power of these variables on terminal care attitudes was 14% (F=6.84, p < .001, Adj $R^2=.140$). Conclusion : A sense of closeness and the perception of life-sustaining treatment decisions were identified as the factors affecting terminal care attitudes. Thus, various programs must be developed to raise awareness among ICU nurses of "a good death" and perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the view of life and death among ICU nurses and to analyze the problems related to end-of-life care in the current ICUs. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The participants were 975 nurses working in the intensive care units of 16 general hospitals. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from August to December in 2016 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: As a result of a correlation analysis of the data, Death perception had a significant positive correlation with EOL of nursing attitudes(r=.100, p=.002), and negative correlation with EOL stress care(r=-.221, p=<.001). The regression model explained for individual characteristics in the model, age(${\beta}=.126$, p<.001) and death perception(${\beta}=.182$, p<.001), Satisfaction of the EOL care(${\beta}=.173$, p<.001), Healing training needs on the EOL(${\beta}=-.144$, p<.001) were the most influential factors for EOL stress. Conclusion: Results reveal that ICU nurses have a moderate level of EOL stress, and that individual, age, death perception, Satisfaction of the EOL care, Healing traning needs on the EOL relevant in ICU nurses' EOL stress. Programs or interventions to reduce EOL stress and to should be developed taking into account these multidimensional factors.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to study the attitude of Korean lawyers toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment, and compare and analyze different types of their attitudes. Methods: Research design of this project was Q methodology approach. The study population was 24 lawyers, aged from 32 to 69 years. Q sample to investigate the attitude of the lawyers toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment included 34 statements obtained from literatures, TV debate, and depth interviews of 5 lawyers among the lawyers included. After listening to the purpose and method of the study, the 24 lawyers agreed to fill out a survey asking sociodemographic information, and the information was distributed in 9 scale Q-sample. Results: The collected data were processed through QUANL PC program and sorted into 5 types as follows: The first type was 'Choosing to withdraw life sustaining treatment', the second 'Withholding life sustaining treatment' regardless of the cost, the third is neutral type that claims that humans have the right to decide the death and life, and demands the proper legalization to protect such rights, the fourth type agrees to withdrawal of life sustaining treatment, nevertheless, admits that one has a rigt to withhold one's own life treatment, categorized as self contradiction type. The fifth type believed that 'Life and death are providential' with the faith, therefore, such authority to decide life and death belongs to God, but not human beings. Conclusion: In conclusion, the lawyer's attitudes toward withdrawal of life sustaining treatment were grouped into five different types as follows: 'Choosing to withdraw life sustaining treatment', 'Withholding life sustaining treatment', 'Demanding legalization', 'Self contradiction type', and 'Life and death are providential'.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1430-1440
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between the awareness of well-dying, advance directives knowledge and attitude, according to patient's terminal care experience among nursing students. Participants were 321 nursing students, selected from 3 universities located in Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program, with descriptive statistics x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. There was a significant difference in advance directives attitude among nursing students with experience of patient's terminal care or no experience of patient's terminal care (t=3.011, p<.003). In addition, the awareness of well-dying (r=.194, p=.008) and advance directives knowledge (r=.201, p=.006) were positively correlated with advance directives attitude in nursing students with experience of patient's terminal care, whereas advance directives attitude was positively correlated with the awareness of well-dying (r=.189, p=.029) in nursing students with no experience of patient's terminal care. This study suggests that there is a need for the development of systematic education programs to improve a positive attitude toward advance directives and awareness of well-dying of nursing college students.