• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.3
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• pp.547-558
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• 2003

From the viewpoint of that music melody has the similar features to time-series data, music melody is transformed to a time-series data with normalization and corrections and the similarity between melodies is defined as the Euclidean distance between the transformed time-series data. Then, based the similarity between melodies of a music object, melodies are clustered and the representative of each cluster is extracted as one of theme melodies for the music. To construct the theme melody index, a theme melody is represented as a point of the multidimensional metric space of M-tree. For retrieval of user's query melody, the query melody is also transformed into a time-series data by the same way of indexing phase. To retrieve the similar melodies to the query melody given by user from the theme melody index the range query search algorithm is used. By the implementation of the prototype system using the proposed theme melody index we show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.751-754
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 음악 수사법에 기초한 악곡의 주제선율 추출법을 제시한다. 이는 음향학적 신호처리 기술을 이용하는 기존의 수리적인 방법과는 구별된다. 본 방법을 이용한다면 주어진 곡에서 두 마디 정도의 주제선율을 추출해 낼 수 있어, 원하는 곡을 짧은 시간 안에 선별하거나 특정 곡의 전체적인 분위기를 미리 추측해 보는 것이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.507-520
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• 2003

In this paper, an automatic construction method of theme melody index for large music database and an associative content-based music retrieval mechanism in which the constructed theme melody index is mainly used to improve the users' response time are proposed. First, the system automatically extracted the theme melody from a music file by the graphical clustering algorithm based on the similarities between motifs of the music. To place an extracted theme melody into the metric space of M-tree, we chose the average length variation and the average pitch variation of the theme melody as the major features. Moreover, we added the pitch signature and length signature which summarize the pitch variation pattern and the length variation pattern of a theme melody, respectively, to increase the precision of retrieval results. We also proposed the associative content-based music retrieval mechanism in which the k-nearest neighborhood searching and the range searching algorithms of M-tree are used to select the similar melodies to user's query melody from the theme melody index. To improve the users' satisfaction, the proposed retrieval mechanism includes ranking and user's relevance feedback functions. Also, we implemented the proposed mechanisms as the essential components of content-based music retrieval systems to verify the usefulness.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 2004

Recently, in content-based music information retrieval systems, to enhance the response time of retrieving music data from large music database, some researches have adopted the indexing mechanism that extracts and indexes the representative melodies. The representative melody of music data must stand for the music itself and have strong possibility to use as users' input queries. However, since the previous researches have not considered the musical composition forms, they are not able to correctly catch the contrast, repetition and variation of motif in musical forms. In this paper, we use an index automatically constructed from representative melodies such like first melody, climax melodies and similarly repeated theme melodies. At first, we expand the clustering algorithm in order to extract similarly repeated theme melodies based on the musical composition forms. If the first melody and climax melodies are not included into the representative melodies of music by the clustering algorithm, we add them into representative melodies. We implemented a prototype system and did experiments on comparison the representative melody index with other melody indexes. Since, we are able to construct the representative melody index with the lower storage by 34％ than whole melody index, the response time can be decreased. Also, since we include first melody and climax melody which have the strong possibility to use as users' input query into representative melodies, we are able to get the more correct results against the various users' input queries than theme melody index with the cost of storage overhead of 20％.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.1603-1606
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• 2003

음악에서 동기는 독립성을 지니는 최소 단위이며, 저작권 검사의 단위로 이용된다 따라서, 한 음악에서 약간의 변화를 가지고 반복되는 주제선율을 추출하거나, 다른 음악간의 유사도를 측정하는데 유사도 계산은 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 비교되는 동기의 선율정보를 음 길이와 음높이가 함께 고려되는 시계열 데이타로 변환하고, cosine measure를 이용하여 동기간의 유사도를 계산한다. 시계열 데이타에서 유사도 계산으로 사용되는 유클리드 거리함수 대신 cosine measure를 이용한 경우, 공간상의 거리 합대신 변화 방향이 반영됨으로써 비교되는 동기간의 유사도를 정확하게 계산한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 동기간의 유사도 계산은 내용 기반 음악 검색에서 색인으로 사용되는 주제선율을 추출하거나, 다른 음악의 동기간의 유사성을 비교하는데 이용될 수 있다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.1 s.111
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

This paper presents a new methodology for music structure analysis which facilitates rhetoric-based music summarization. Similarity analysis of musical constituents suggests the structure of a musical piece. We can recognize its musical form from the structure. Musical forms have rhetorical characteristics of their on. We have utilized the characteristics for locating musical motifs. Motif extraction is to music summarization what topic sentence extraction is to text summarization. We have evaluated the effectiveness of this methodology through a popular music case study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.425-437
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• 1997

본 논문은 디지털 도서관에서 임의의 음악정보를 효율적으로 검색하기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 종래의 전형적인 음악정보 검색 항목인 제목이나 작곡자 또는 주제를 입력하는 것이 아니라, 사용자가 음악 데이터베이스로부터 검색하고자 하는 음악의 일부를 마이크를 통해서 노래한다. 그러면 입력된 선율에 대한 음 신호를 처리하여 음표정보를 인식하고, 이를 바탕으로 음정곡선을 생성하여 이를 탐색 패턴으로 사용한다. 동요를 대상으로 하여 음악 데이터베이스를 생성할 때는 각각의 곡에서 추출한 음정곡선을 이용하여 색인과 메타 데이터를 생성하는데, 색인은 유사 탐색을 용이하게 하기 위해서 Trie 구조를 사용한다. 탐색패턴을 이용해서 메타 데이터를 탐색할 때는 동적 프로그래밍 방법을 이용하여 유사 탐색을 함으로써 노래의 어느 마리를 부르더라도 쉽게 후보곡을 검색할 수 있도록 한다. 통상음악의 첫째 동기를 부르는 경우가 많기 때문에 첫째 악절로 구성한 색인을 먼저 탐색토록하고, 색인에서 탐색을 실패한 경우(음악의 첫째 동기 이후를 부른 경우)에 메타 데이터를 이용한 유사 음표열 탐색을 하도록 하여 효율적인 검색이 되도록 하였다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.321-348
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find a system and a progression principle in orchestral piece based on the outcome after comparatively analyzing the orchestral operation technique in "Battle for The Glory" out of the background music in the animation "Dragon Quest IV" by Koichi Sugiyama(1931~), who is a leading runner of Japan's animation music, based on functional parts daccord & Instrumentation Pattern, Rhythm Pattern, Voicing Pattern, and harmonic ratio by progression section devised by the writer. As a result, first, five themes in this music have specific instrumentation pattern, respectively. In a passage that is shown exposition, reprise, and representation in theme, the unity was emphasized by maintaining the same instrumentation pattern. On the contrary to this, a passage of being suggested new theme is being used the exchange method and addition & subtraction in musical instrument in order to strengthen diversity. Second, the voicing pattern is forming the vertical contrasting relationship of "thinness-thickness" on the whole. However, the diversity is being intensified that is changed into the structure of "thickness-thinness" in the third theme and of "thinness-thickness" that has two melodies in the fourth theme. Third, the rhythm pattern is forming the vertical contrasting relationship of "big-small" on the whole. However, the fifth theme is being given diversity with being changed into the structure of "small-big." Fourth, the harmony by progression section from the horizontal perspective is shown to be high in the proportion of unity in the section of being repeated and represented the theme and to be high in the proportion of diversity in the section of being suggested new theme. In this study, the balanced orchestral operation technique through the operation technique, which was used in this work, is what extracts the relationship of diverse proportions in the horizontal progression section based on the technique of vertical perspective. In this aspect, this analytical study is desired to be positioned as a new paradigm in establishing a theoretical system and an educational method in orchestration.