• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2017

According to the advance of antiretroviral regimen and the early treatment strategy, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are achieving the goal of virologic suppression and immune restoration. Most of them no more die of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses, and become older with chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatic, renal and neurological diseases. However some PLWH still visit hospitals as late presenters with very low CD4+ T cell counts, so that they suffer AIDS defining illnesses to die or experience severe neurological complications resulting in disabilities. Early palliative interventions are needed on the various symptoms of PLWH. Thus far chronic pains such as distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathies have been underevaluated. Active pain-relieving interventions are important to them. Recently we define end of life condition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or eligibility to hospice care after adjusting current status of HIV treatment. Hospice teams should pay attention to the specific medical conditions, psychological needs, and social circumstances of PLWH. With just standard precautions as common infection control measures, general hospice cares can be provided to them like to other hospices subjects. For giving PLWH opportunities to have the end of life with value and dignity, hospice multidisciplinary team should intervene them early and aggressively. Now we need more clinical experiences and institutional improvements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.664-672
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol administration on selenium concentration and cell morphology in tissurs of rats fed with the different levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 58~62g were divided into 12 groups. The dietary Se levels were 0mg(L-), 0.4mg(C-) and 10mg(H-), and the dietary vitamin E levels were 0mg(-L) and 150mg(-C) per kg diet, respectively. Alcohol-adminstrated groups(--A) received the triple distilled potable water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3rd week of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follows. Se concentration in blood and urine made difference in accordance with Se level in diet and tended to be low in alcohol administrated groups. Se concentration in liver and kidney was also directly proportional to the dietary Se level, and it tended to be low in each alcohol group, but Se concentration in kidney tended to be increased by alcohol administration. Myocardium in rats showed lysosome increasing, fat droplet, mitochondrial swelling, and in particular, bad intracellular edema, in H-group fed with high Se and in L-group with low Se. It also showed such phenomena in the alcohol administrated group. In HC-group fed with excessive Se and normal vitamin E. there appeared no noticeable change in liver tissue. However, in the alcohol administrated HCA-group, there came out fat droplet. Especially, in the alcohol administrated LLA-group, not fed with sufficient Se and vitamin, E, there were found lysosome increasing and a number of fat droplet.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2011

T cells play a key role in viral infection. However, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, HCV-specific T cells are dysfunctional and impaired in the liver, which is the primary site for HCV replication. There are multiple potential mechanisms for HCV-specific T cell dysfunction including induction of immune inhibitory pathways (program death-1; PD-1, cytotoxic t lymphocyte associated antigen-4; CTLA-4) and immune tolerance induced specific for the liver. However, the interaction between hepatocytes and HCV-specific CD8 T cells has not clearly established. In this study, we confirmed huh (human hepatoma) 7.5 cells expressing HLA (human leukocyte antigen) A2 presented antigen to activate HCV-specific CD8 T cells in HLA A2-restricted manner and expression of PD-L (program death ligand) 1 on huh7.5 cells reduced HCV-specific CD8 T cell activation, suggesting an immune modulatory activity. Loss of HCV-specific tetramer responses following antigenic stimulation correlated with increased caspase-3 activity. In addition, PD-L1 on huh7.5 cells rescued HCV-specific CD8 T cells from apoptosis. Our results suggest that the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 can recover the function of HCV-specific CD8 T cells in the liver, which could be applied in therapy of HCV chronic infection.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.104-123
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• 1992

We present petrography, mineral chemistry of amphibole and plagioclase, and major and trace element chemistry for the Ogcheon metabasites occurring in the Poun and Mungyong areas to understand metamorphism, and to define chemical characteristics of parental rocks and their implication for tectonic environment. The Ogcheon metabasites often preserve relict igneous textures, although no primary phases are observed. They are mainly composed of amphibole (actinolite+hornblende)+plagioclase+epidote+chlorite+sphene+opaque oxides, indicating epidote amphibolite facies metamorphism. Coarse-grained amphiboles frequently have actinolitic composition in the core, and hornblende along the margin and cleavage, which can be interpreted either as miscibility gap or as result of polymetamorphism. Although presumed polymetamorphic events in the Ogcheon supergroup favor the latter possibility, further metamorphic studies are necessary to solve the problem. Amphibole and plagioclase chemistries suggest greenschist (epidote-amphibolite, if miscibility gap is present) to amphibolite facies metamorphism of possibly medium pressure. The major and trace element data of whole rocks indicate that the Ogcheon metabasites are transitional to tholeiitic basalts belonging to within-plate environment. Absence of evidences indicating deep sea environment suggests that the Ogcheon metabasites emplaced in an intra-cratonic, possibly rift environment which failed to proceed to an oceanic rift. Chemical variation of the metabasites toward a granitic pluton indicates K loss closer to the pluton, suggesting that caution should be taken when K is involved in a discussion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2002

Effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E on antioxidant system were studied in rat liver and serum. Sources of dietary fat (10 wt%) were safflower oil (SO) poor in $\omega$3 fatty acid and mixed oil (MO) with computer-adjusted fatty acid ratios (AA/DHA=1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/l.5/1) with (ME) and without (MO) vitamin E (500 mg/kg diet). Rats were fed the three kinds of diet from 3~4 wks prior to the conception. At the age of 3 and 9 wks of the second generation rat, antioxidant vitamins and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in the liver and serum. The concentrations of $\beta$-carotene were lower in ME than in MO and SO in the liver at the age of 3 wks. It seemed that vitamin E has an inhibitory action on the uptake of $\beta$-carotene or acts as a preferred antioxidant to $\beta$-carotene. The concentrations of lycopene were lower in SO than in MO in the liver at the age of 3 wks. The concentrations of cryptoxanthin showed no significant changes within groups. The activities of GSH-Px tended to increase in ME compared to MO and the ratios of SOD/GSH-Px tended to decrease in ME compared to MO in the liver at the age of 3 weeks. The activities of antioxidant enzyme at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks were similar. This suggested that the activity level of antioxidant enzymes reached to the adult level at the age of 3 weeks which is the end point of lactation period.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.243-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to achieve an understanding of psychosocial needs of elderly female residents living in the nursing home and their evaluation about psychosocial services from their perspectives. In-depth interview by constructivist inquiry was conducted to explore residents' needs. Purposive sampling was used to ensure that participants could communicate verbally and share their experience of living in the nursing home. 8 female residents who cognitively intact and aged 65 or over were invited to participate in this study. Data collection was conducted from January 1 to 5 in 2008. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Constant comparison method was used for data analysis. Levels of psychological needs were identified as four categories-satisfied needs; unmet needs; hidden needs; lack of expression of needs. While nursing home generally focuses on medical care provision, residents' psychosocial needs tend to be relatively overlooked. The satisfaction of psychosocial needs is significant in guaranteeing well-being in later life.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2006

Objectives : The study was conducted to investigate the effect of intelligence ability on attention using Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Methods : 56 children with ADHD (52 boys, 4 girls) and 41 children in normal (28 boys, 13 girls) were sampled, their age range was 7 to 15. They performed IQ test and ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) in order to examine intelligence and attention. Participants were divided into normal group and ADHD group, average IQ level children and superior IQ level children. Then ADS variables (omission error, commission error, reaction time, reaction time deviation, response sensitivity, and response criterion) were analyzed. Results : There was no significant interaction effect between group (normal, ADHD) and intelligence (average, superior). But there was significant difference between normal group and ADHD group in omission error, commission error, reaction time deviation, and response sensitivity. Also average level IQ group had significantly showed more omission, greater reaction time deviation, and lower response sensitivity than superior level IQ group. Conclusion : ADHD group has attention deficit than normal group, and CPT is available tool to detect attention problems. These findings indicate that intelligence can contaminate inattention and cognitive impulsivity thus it compensates for attention deficit. And it suggests that intelligence effect is considered in analyzing CPT in ADHD children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.412-422
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• 2018

Current support policies for multicultural families translate the focus on educating multicultural children from the initial adjustment of foreign-born brides. By contrast with Korean-born biracial/biethnic children of international couples, foreign-born immigrant children suffer linguistic and cultural differences. This study explores the acculturational difficulties and needs of school-aged immigrant adolescents in Busan Metropolitan city and suggests policies to meet their needs. Seventeen participants, including immigrant adolescents, immigrant parents, in-school service providers and out-school service providers, were recruited, and focus-group interviews were conducted. The major themes show that school-aged immigrant adolescents suffer from cultural/racial differences, different naming practices, linguistic differences, and age gaps. In addition, the study participants strongly call for KSL education, academic mentoring programs, career education, and education for multicultural understanding. This study suggests that future policies should be designed to support immigrant adolescents based on a diversity model beyond assimilationist approaches of adeficitmodel.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.713-717
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• 2008

Albinism is a disease caused by partial or complete failure of melanin production in the skin, hair and eyes despite the presence of normal number, structure and distribution of melanocytes. Typical aspects are white-colored skin, blonde-brown hair, blue-brown irides and a prominent red reflex. Three main categories of albinism are oculocutaneous, ocular and localized albinism, and also they are divided into many subgroups. Therefore, appropriate treatment plan and dental direction would be differentiated according to them. This case report was about oral conditions and treatment of the oculocutaneous albinism patient with mental retardation who was refered due to developmental delay of teeth and treated with teeth extraction, restoration and space maintenance etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 1980

우리나라는 근대화와 더불어 산업의 고도성장을 기약하면서, 예기치 못했던 산업재해로 말미암아, 많은 생명과 재산에 대해선 막대한 손실을 초래시키고 있다. 그러나 산업재해의 본질이 어디에 있고, 또 그것이 얼마나 크게 생산손실을 초래하고 있는지에 대해서 아직 과학적인 본질을 파악하고 있지 못하기 때문에 현실적으로 많은 재해손실을 감수하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이와같은 입장에서 본 연구는 우린 1974년부터 1978 년에 이르는 5개년간의 한국 산업재해의 본질을 이해하고 앞으로의 산업합리화를 위해 그 대책을 강구해 보자는 것인데, 이를 위해서 본 연구는 1. 서론(문제의 제기) 가. 연구방법 나. 연구범위 2. 재해발생 상황 가. 78년도 재해 발생 상황 나. 연도별 산업 재해 추이 1) 5년간 추이(지수비교) 2) 전년도와 비교(% 비교) 라. 연도별 재해 발생율(재해도수율, 강도율, 천인율) 1) 재해도수율, 강도율 2) 천인율 라. 연도별 경제적 손실 3. 산업별 재해 가 산업별 재해 상황 나. 전년도와 비교 다. 산업별 재해 발생율 1) 재해도수율, 강도율 2) 재해년천인율 라. 산업별, 년도별, 재해도수율, 강도율, 천인율 1) 광업 2) 제조업 3) 건설업 4) 전기가스.수도업 5) 운수보관.통신업 마. 산업별, 정도별 재해 4. 재해원인 가, 원인별, 재해 발생 실태 나. 산업별 원인별 재해 발생 실태 5. 결론으로 고찰했으며 우리나라의 산업재해는 매년 상승되고 있다는 것이 고찰에서 나타났는데, 이와 같은 경향은 산업의 확산증대에도 영향이 없는 것은 아니지만 전제적으로 안전의식의 결핍이 가장 큰 요인인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 공업입국에 의한 경제자립과 지속적인 번영을 위해서는 $\circled1$ 계수적인 합리주의를 강력히 배제하고 사실에 입각한 과학적인 안전대책을 수립해야 하며, $\circled2$ 안전기준을 포함하는 모든 법령을 재정비하고, 단속법령으로서의 그것보다는 지도계몽을 위한 관계법령을 조속히 제정해야 하며, $\circled3$ 안전의식을 계발하여, 모든 능률관리, 생산성 향상의 근원으로 삼아야 할 것이며, $\circled4$ 안전전문연구기관을 적극적으로 육성하여 산업재해의 본질적인 원인연명과 재해대책을 수립해야 할 것이다.