• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.344-346
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• 2017

Lactobacillus plantarum is widely found in fermented foods and has various phenotypic and genetic characteristics to adapt to the environment. Here we report the complete annotated genome sequence of the L. plantarum strain JBE245 (= KCCM43243) isolated for malolactic fermentation of apple juice. The genome comprises a single circular 3,262,611 bp chromosome with 2907 coding regions, 45 pseudogenes, and 91 RNA genes. The genome contains 4 malate dehydrogenase genes, 3 malate permease genes and various types of plantaricin-synthesizing genes. These genetic traits meet the selection criteria of the strains that should prevent the spoilage of apple juice during fermentation and efficiently convert malate to lactic acid.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.846-853
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• 2013

We investigated the effect of the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and its skin contact time on the brewing characteristics of Cheongsoo grape. The easy of juice extraction was excellent at the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments, and the aroma was best after five days of skin contact treatment. Furthermore, the juice yields of the Chengsoo grape were more dramatically increased by the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments than by the control. The data on the pH, total acidity, and soluble solids did not significantly differ among the treatments, and the pH range from 3.1 to 3.4; the total acidity from 0.5% to 0.6% (as tartaric acid); and the soluble solids, from 6.7 to 7.1 $^{\circ}Brix$. The alcohol content of cell-wall-degrading enzyme treatment was highest with 13.3%. The total polyphenol was gradually increased with the longer skin contact time, and was highest after 10 days of skin contact treatment, at 306.4 mg/L. The main organic acids detected in the Cheongsoo wine were malic and tartaric acid, and citric, succinic and lactic acid were also detected. Our results show that the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments were better in terms of the easy of juice extraction and significantly increased the juice yield and the volatile compound of the Cheongsoo wine.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 1998

In order to enhance the availability of Korean loquat fruit, loquat juice was manufactured and its physicochemical characteristics are measured. The juice of raw fruit and pressed juice after blanching with steam that the pH, sugars, total acids and yields were 3.4, 3.6, and 8.5, 8.0 $^{\circ}$ Brix, and 0.36, 0.34%, and 53.2, 57.4% respectively. Four groups of juices were processed as followed. A ; juice of clarified after filteration, B ; pressed and filtered juice of raw fruit in refrigerated for 50 days, C ; clarified juice of heated at 90$^{\circ}C$ for 2 min., D ; clarified juice of blanched and pressed with raw fruit. Total acids, pH and sugars of A, B, C and D juices were 0.27, 0.35, 0.29 and 0.28%, and 3.80, 3.10, 3.68 and 3.71, and 7.5, 8.5, 8.0 and 8.2 $^{\circ}$Brix, respectively. Juice of B was higher total free sugar and organic acid than others. The chromaticity of D juice was stable than others. In the sensory test of loquat juice, that the product showed excellent result at 11 $^{\circ}$Brix and pH 3.78 when 4% of fructose and 0.05% of citric acid added.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in canned foods and soft drinks available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Sn) were detected in 24 kinds, 120 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of heavy metals in canned foods was in the order of Sn (6.930 ppm)>Cr (0.050 ppm)>Pb (0.030 ppm)>Cd (0.008 ppm), which was the same order in soft drinks as Sn (3.519 ppm)>Cr (0.080 ppm)>Pb (0.024 ppm)>Cd (0.001 ppm). The total contents of heavy metals in canned fruits and fruit juices were relatively higher than those in cans and drinks made of vegetable and fish. It can be supposed that the high acidity owing to the organic acid of fruit itself promotes to extract metals from can materials, and although fish usually contains more heavy metals than vegetables, canned fish revealed low level because internal organs and most of skin which had more heavy metals than meat were removed throughout canning process. Because processed foods such as canned foods and soft drinks are very popular with the children and adolescence according to the change of life style and eating habit, and the possibility of exposure to heavy metals by the habitual intake of these is increasing simultaneously, it is suggested that more practical study about the process of exposure and the amount in each step is needed fur the assessment of safety.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.11
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Organic light emitting devices from a single layer thin film with a hole transport polymer, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) doped with 2-(4-bi phenyl)-5-(4-t-butyl-phenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (Bu-PBD) as electron transporting molecules and Coumurine 6(C6), 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB), Rhodamine B as a emitter dye were fabricated. The sing1e layer structure and the use of soluble materials simplify the fabrication of devices by spin coating technique. The active layer consists of one polymer layer that is simply sandwiched between two electrodes, indium-tin oxide (ITO), and aluminum. In this structure, electron and hole inject from the electrodes to the PVK : Bu-PBD active layer. Respectively, Blue, green and orange colored emission spectrum by the use of TPB, C6, Rhodamine B dye emitted at 481nm, 500nm and 585nm were achieved during applied voltages. PVK materials can be useful as the host polymer to be molecularly doped with other organic dyes of the different luminescence colors. And EL color can be tuned to the full visible wavelength.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study had been undertaken to investigate the effects of Korean Corni Fructus(KCF) on treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by KCF. The levels of bone mineral density, osteocalcin, ALP, calcium, phosphorus in serum, calcium, phosphorus, deoxypyridinoline in urine, calcium, phosphorus, ash weight of bone, body weight and uterus weight were measured. Results : The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial bone mineral density were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of serum osteoclacin showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of serum ALP showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4 week in KCF group. The levels of serum calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group at 8 week in KCF group. The levels of urine calcium and phosphoruls showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial phosphorus didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of body weight were significantly decreased in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of uterus weight were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appeared that KCF had efficacy on treatment of osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2003

This study was conducted te evaluate the effect of organotin compounds on rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis), which is important as food organism of aqua-cultured fish and shellfish. To evaluate the texicities of tributyltin compounds such as tributyltin chloride (TBTC), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), tributyltin acetate (TBTA) and tributyltin benzoate (TBTB), and triphenyltin compounds such as triphenyltin chloride (TPTC), triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF), triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTB), the survival rates of rotifer exposed to these compounds were measured as the 96 hr-$LC_{50}$. Exposed concentrations Were from 0.5 to 8 bbp depending on compounds. Based on 96 hr-$LC_{50}$ Value, the Order of toxicity in TBTs was TBTA(1.1 ppb)>TBTC (2.0)>TBTB (3.3)>TBTO(5.6), and that in TPTs was TPTF (1.0)$\geq$TPTC(1.1)>TPTH(1.6). Triphenyltin compounds were slightly higher toxic than tributyltins. The toxicity is likely to depend on alkyl or aryl group other than halogen or the other substituted radicals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 1996

This research was based on comparing ozonation with combined ozone/ultraviolet oxidation through the methods of reducing THM produced during water treatment. The results were as follows ; 1. The decline of THM concentration was appeared according as ozone dosage increases with ozonation and combined ozone/ultraviolet oxidation. The more effective method was the treatment of irradiating UV then ozonation. In the beginning of reaction the decline rate of THM formation potential was low, I thought it was because that the reaction of ozone and humic acid needed times to be steady state, or that THM formation potential existed according to humic acid. 2. The effect of combined ozone/ultraviolet oxidation when ozone dosage was 4.2mg/L min was almost the same that of ozonation when ozone dosage was 8.6mg/L min. 3. In experiment of TOC decline through ozonation and combined ozone/ultraviolet oxidation, TOC concentration was also dropped according to increasing ozone dosage and the more effective results were showed in treatment of irradiating UV than ozonation. But the similar TOC remove rates were showed in experiment of changing with ozone dosage during combined ozone/ultraviolet oxidation TOC remove rates were low in proportion to the remove rates of THM formation potential, it was considered that humic acid was made low molecule itself though ozonation and ozone/ultraviolet oxidation. Moreover, the high degree of remove efficiency will be get though the treatment of activated carbon of GAC treatment after combined ozone/ultravilet oxidation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2018

스마트 도금공장을 구축하기 위해서는 도금액 내부의 화학 물질 농도 변화를 측정할 수 있는 화학 센서 기술이 필수적으로 요구된다. 와트욕은 대표적인 고속 니켈 도금액 중 하나로 기본적으로 황산니켈, 염화니켈, 보릭산의 염과 함께 케리어(type-1 광택제), 광택제(type 2-광택제), 응력 제어제 등의 유기 첨가제로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 유기 첨가제는 전차된 니켈층의 두께 균일도, 조도, 미세 구조, 내부 응력 등 다양한 특성을 제어하며, 정밀한 농도 관리가 필수적으로 요구되나, 분석 기술의 부재로 인하여 지금까지도 대부분의 액관리는 할셀법이나 작업자의 경험에 의존하고 있다. Cyclic voltammetry stripping(CVS) 방법은 전기화학 분석 과정에서 나타나는 첨가제의 가속, 감속 특성 등과 여기에 수반되는 stripping peak의 변화를 이용하여 개별 첨가제의 농도를 측정하는 방법이며, 지금까지 인쇄회로기판의 비아필 공정, 전해 동박 제조, 반도체 배선 등 구리도금 산업 전반에 걸쳐 첨가제 관리에 효과적으로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 수소 발생으로 인한 stripping 효율 문제로 인하여 니켈, 주석, 아연 등 표준 환원 전위가 높은 금속 도금액 내부 첨가제 농도 측정은 아직 어려운 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 이 문제를 극복하기 위해 염소를 과량 첨가한 구리 도금액을 CVS 분석의 base 용액으로 이용하여 니켈 도금액 내부 여러 광택제 (polyetylene glycol(PEG) 계열, thiourea 계열, 2-butyne-1,4-diol 등) 농도를 측정하는 법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법은 CVS 분석 과정에서 구리-염소 사이의 상호 작용으로 인해 생성되는 3가지 stripping peak의 상대적인 크기 변화가 첨가제 농도에 따라 영향을 받는다는 사실에 기반하였다. 본 연구에서는 여기에 관한 원인에 대해 고찰하였으며, 제시된 방법을 통해 광택제 계열 첨가제 농도 측정을 선택적으로 할 수 있다는 것을 증명하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1974

A practical method applicable to the synthesis of aromatic dihydrazines was proposed by reducing tetrazonium salt in strong mineral acid media. By diazotizing p-phenylenediamine with sodium nitrite in a medium of concentrated hydrochloric acid or 45 % perchloric acid at $-5 {\sim} -10{\circ}C$ and reducing the tetrazonium salt with stannous chloride, p-phenylenedihydrazine (PPDH) was separated in the form of hydrochloride as colorless fine needles. Since PPDH was subject to oxidation and unstable, the free base could not be isolated. PPDH${\cdot}$2HCl was decomposed at $^180{\circ}C$ without showing sharp melting point. It behaved largely as aromatic monohydrazines, and reacted immediately with aldehydes and ketones in acetate buffer, giving generally yellow to brownish condensation products, dihydrazones. This suggests that PPDH will react with dicarbonyl compounds producing high molecular polymers or cyclization products.