• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• no.11
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 1970

This experiment is to improve the wrinkle recovery (W.R.) of silk fabrics. The silk fabrics is creased very well, and the crease is the serious defection of it. This experiment is to improve the nature by use of formaldehyde on fabrics. The reagents used were HCl, CH$_3$COOH, CaC$_2$, HCHO, Na$_2$CO$_3$, NH$_4$OH, NaOH and NaHCO$_3$. The silk fabrics was treated, to compare 1 he influence of conditions, by varying the quantities of reagents and the temperature of solution, and the reaction time. The cotton fabrics and the viscose rayon were sunk with the silk at the same condition to be compared the influence. 1) Those of the most suitable temperature to improve for the better W.R. are 75$^{\circ}C$ for silk, 35-45$^{\circ}C$ for cotton, and no particular temperature under 75$^{\circ}C$ for viscose rayon. 2) The W.R. improvements after treated at the temperature of 1) were 11％ for silk and 33.4％ for cotton. 3) There are the best treating time for every fabrics. They were 60 to 90 min. for viscose rayon when HAC Ras used for solvent. It took, however, 60min. of the best time for silk, 120 min. for cotton, and 40 min. for viscose rayon when acetic anhydride instead of HAC was used. 4) It was possible to improve 16.6％ of W.R. for silk at the most suitable treating time, 25.0％ for cotton, and 13.3％ for viscose rayon. 5) Acetic anhydride was rather more effective to improve W.R. of both silk and viscose rayon than HAC. 6) Treating time was also shorter in case of using acetic anhydride than HAC. 7) The improvement of W.R. were 8.3％ for silk at the 10 to 14 ml. of HCHO the best volume, 21. 5％ for cotton at 18m!. of HCHO, and 70％ of for viscose rayon at 14 to 18ml. of HCHO. 8) The most effective quantity of HCI is 14 ml. for both silk and cotton. The W.R. improvement of silk was 22.2％, and that of cotton 19.5％. 9) The W.R. of 83.3％ the best for silk and 61. 6％ for cotton were gained when 4.2gr. of NaHCO$_3$ brings down the percent of W.R. for both silk and cotton. 10) The more NaOH and NH$_4$OH as neutralizing agents, the less effectivity of W.R. until the quantities of the reagents are reached to a special range which are 3. 3m!. for silk and 3.3-6.6 ml. for cotton, and then we can see the W.R. increasing as the quantities of reagents are increased. These facts were evident in case of silk and cotton. We can also see with this fact that the reminder of 〔OH$\^$-/〕 neutralizing 〔CH$\^$+/〕in solution makes it possible to treat formaldehyde on fabrics. 11) Low curing temperature was comparatively better for silk, and high temperature better for cotton. 12) The result of this experiment shows that the Improvement of W.R. for silk was possible to 94％ which means 22％ W.R. increase compared to the untreated silk. This effect also shows that the improvement to W '||'&'||' W (wash and wear) of silk will be possible.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2016

The tight junction, one of Intercellular junctions, performs a variety of biological functions by bonding adjacent cells, including the barrier function to control the movement of the electrolyte and water. Recent studies have revealed that unusual expression of tight junction-related genes have been shown to be related in cancer development and progression. Recently, there are many reports that control of tight junction proteins expression is closely related to the skin moisture. In this study, we are focusing on the regulating mechanism of tight junction-associated genes by the steviol and its derivatives. Steviol, used as a sweetner, is known to chemical compound isolated from stevia plant. The MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay was carried out in HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte cell line) in order to determine the cytotoxicity. As a result, while steviol showing cytotoxicity from $250{\mu}M$, steviol derivatives are not cytotoxic more than $250{\mu}M$ concentration. We have observed a change in the tight junction protein via quantitative real-time PCR. Claudin 8 among tight junction proteins is only significantly reduced up to 30% in the presence of steviol. In addition, cell migration was inhibited by steviol, not by stevioside and rebaudioside. Finally, we could observe that steviol, not stevioside and rebaudioside, is able to increase the skin barrier permeability through the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) measurements. These results suggest that the steviol and its derivatives are specifically acts on the tight junction related gene expression, but steviol derivatives are more suitable as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.197-201
• /
• 2007

Oil soluble licorice extract(licorice extract) is an officially approved cosmetic component as a whitening ingredient in Korea. The durability of licorice, during which the whitening effect can be maintained in optimum condition, must be accurately defined. Since the cosmetics durability under real condition is relatively longer than its development time. It is needed to predict the real durability interval from the experimental measurement under simulated operating conditions. We analyzed the relationship between the licorice lifetime and the high temperature condition by using Arrhenius equation. We have established the constant stress test with temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$ condition, within which no formulation change of licorice products is expected for the accelerated stress test. In this paper, the lifetime of licorice in cosmetics was defined as time period for its 10% contents reduction. We observed that the lifetime of licorice is 580 h at $50^{\circ}C$, 319 h at $55^{\circ}C$ and 166 h at $60^{\circ}C$. Using the above experimental data, we obtained the equation for the relationship between the licorice lifetime and temperature as follows; log(lifetime)=-35.0243 + 1.15322$\times$(11604.83/temperature). From this equation, the lifetime of licorice at $25^{\circ}C$ can be estimated as 26 months. The estimated result was verified by measuring full lifetime of licorice. In fact, there was no significant difference between the estimated lifetime and real measurement within 95 % significance level. This study can be applied to other useful cosmetic components for the fast estimation of the exact durability.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.26-27
• /
• 2018

With entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol to promote the fair sharing of the benefits of accessing and utilizing genetic resources, much support has been given to research on the development of biomaterials and products using domestic natural resources. Conservation and resource-saving of native species became very important through Nagoya Protocol enactment. The trend of cosmetic industry has been shifing from use synthetic chemicals to natural biomaterials, due to the safety regulations on new materials, ban on animal experiments, and expansion of cosmeceuticals range. In addition, functional cosmetic range has been expanded from whitening, wrinkle improvement, and ultraviolet shielding, to hair loss, hair loss alleviation, acne relaxation, and moisturizing of atopic skin, thus causing the activation of research about field of efficacy evaluation on natural biomaterials and commercialization. Chungbuk province is fostering the bio industry as a key industry for regional economic growth. For this purpose, Osong Biotechnology Complex/Ochang Science Industrial Complex in middle area, Jecheon biovalley in northern region, and Chungju Enterprise city have been established, thus playing a pivotal role in Bio innovative cluster in Korea. In particular, it was established the osong cosmetics clinical research support center to develop the cosmetics industry in chungbuk, thereby supporting clinical trials, efficacy evaluations, overseas certification, and overseas market entry in order to advance into the global market. In addition, oriental plants such as astragalus propinquus, schisandra chinensis, eucommia, alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus and biancaea sappan are being actively studied as global cosmetic ingredients through the promotion of various national research and development projects using natural materials in chungbuk province. The chungbuk natural product industry is expected to grow further throughout cosmetics industry development in the future, as companies and research institutes are actively promoting the secure index of effective material in natural products and effective material commercialization.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2009

In the previous study, we evaluated and reported about the anti-oxidative activities of extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf. Extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf showed excellent free radical scavenging activity, cell protective activity and inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and elastase. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of cream containing 0.2 % Castanea crenata ethyl acetate fraction. pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under 4 different temperature ($4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C)$ and under the sun light at 2 weeks intervals for the 8 weeks. The variations on pH and viscosity of all experimental creams were similar to control cream. The absorbance variation of extract from experimental cream at 353 nm was in the order: under the sun > $45^{\circ}C$ > $37^{\circ}C$ > $20^{\circ}C$ > $4^{\circ}C$. It shows that ethyl acetate fraction in the cream can be oxidized under the sun. The bad smell and discoloration were not shown. Also, physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. Also, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and water contents in skin were measured. The cream containing Castanea cranata leaf extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 120 min, TEWL of parts was decreased as 29.7 % (experimental cream) and 5.4 % (control cream) respectively. And the water contents in skin were increased 22.6 % (experimental cream) and 24.7 % (control cream) respectively. It was confirmed that a cream containing ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata leaf shows the superior moisturizing effect. The results showed that Castanea crenata leaf extract could be used as a new active ingredient for anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.858-864
• /
• 2011

The phenolic compounds of walnut extracts by various solvents were shown to be 24.3 mg/g in hot water, 34.4 mg/g in ethanol, 32.5 mg/g in methanol and 15.1 mg/g in acetone. In a comparison of phenolic compounds from hot water and different concentrations of ethanol, which are harmless, 60% ethanol extract and hot water extract were 34.7 mg/g, 24.6 mg/g. The electron donating ability (EDA) of walnut extracts in hot water and 60% ethanol were 78.1% and 80.6%. According to ABTS radical cation decolorization for antioxidant activity, hot water and 60% ethanol extract showed high antioxidant activities of 98.1% and 98.3%. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) were $1.1{\pm}0.2$ PF and $1.1{\pm}0.4$ PF in hot water and 60% ethanol extract. In TBARs inhibitory activity, each extract showed high antioxidant activities at 60% and 75%. Anti-inflammation effects of walnut extract were tested, and inhibition of NO was 50% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Inhibitory activity against iNOS and COX-2 were shown, through Western blot, to be 10% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Tyrosine inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extract was 43%, and astringent effect of 60% ethanol extract was 55%. These results suggest that walnut extracts are suitable for functional cosmetics requiring skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2007

Through open-sky policy, USA and European selected market principle of multiuser. However, in Asian case, major airlines monopolize airports. It is purpose that analyzes fare competition of Asian Hub Airport and the position of Incheon airport in Asia. Passengers required longer time and distance to go to the destination because direct flights decreases. But passengers increased in airport every year. Because of routes that decrease, airlines provide more services of flights. So airlines prefer to Hub Airports. As a result, both passengers and airlines are profitable by various routs and the increased frequency. On the assumption that distance and fare are related, the final formula is as following that defined the air fare from hub(H) to destination(Z) by logarithm. Analysis showed that log Rdist is not 1 but 0.08. As distance increases, fare doesn't increase. If distance from hub to destination airports is longer, Log dist_HZ is negative. It is that fare decreases from origin to destination via hub or that fare increases from hub to destination. HHI_HZ and HHI_AZ are negative. It means that if the degree of monopolization of hub and origin airports is lager, fare decreases from origin to destination via hub. Or fare increases from hub to destination. And it compares the Incheon airport with the other Asian hub airports and it examines the competitive fare by market division. As compared with the Incheon airport, Singapore, Beijing and Narita airports are higher fares. They compete with the other ones by Asian hub airports. But Hong Kong and Taipei airports must have more passengers through fare competition yet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.684-690
• /
• 2008

To investigate the applicability of hot water extract (PLW) and ethanol extract (PLE) from Phellinus linteus as functional food and cosmeceutical materials, its total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability (NSA), SOD-like activity, inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and elastase were examined. Total flavonoids contents of PLW and PLE were 17.31 mg/g and 42.61 mg/g, respectively, and total phenolics contents were estimated as 149.92 mg/g for PLW and 432.42 mg/g for PLE. The EDA of PLW and PLE were $6.49{\sim}92.98%$ and $22.61{\sim}94.28%$. The EDA and total phenolics contents had a high correlation of 0.83. The NSA was pH dependent, and was highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The NSA of PLE was higher than that of PLW. The SOD-like activities of PLW and PLE were $14.36{\sim}35.21%$ and $17.27{\sim}81.84%$, respectively, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was the highest in PLE ($10.51{\sim}80.93%$) while that of PLW was $4.77{\sim}43.69%$. Finally, the elastase inhibitory activity was $10.01{\sim}76.02%$ at PLE. Based on the above results, we deemed that the ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus was the most pertinent for use as functional food and cosmeceutical materials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2009

Skin aging appears to be principally attributed to a decrease in both levels of Type I collagen and regeneration ability of dermal fibroblasts. It is important to introduce an efficient and safe agent for effective management of skin aging. To this end, we performed screening for anti-ageing agents and then found that vegetable peptones (pea and wheat) promoted cell proliferation of adult stem cells. Vegetable peptones may be considered as useful medium additives because it can supply nutrients, peptides, amino acids or growth factor analogues. This study was designed to investigate effects of vegetable peptones on cell proliferation/collagen production and their possible mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assay, vegetable peptones significantly promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, human COL1A2 promoter luciferase and type I procollagen synthesis assays showed that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of COLlA2 promoter. In both TGF-${\beta}1$ luciferase reporter and ELISA assays, vegetable peptones was found to induce TGF-${\beta}1$ production, suggesting that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of TGF-${\beta}1$. When applied topically in a human skin twice a day for an 4-week period of time, vegetable peptones did not induce any adverse reactions. Theretore, based on these results, we suggest the possibility that vegetable peptones may be considered as an attractive, wrinkle-reducing candidate for topical application.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2017

In this study, the antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and inhibitory effects on elastase of non-fermented and fermented extracts of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (P. tricuspidata) stem using Lactobacillus pentosus were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 42.3 and $34.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, in which the activity after fermentation was approximately 18.4% higher. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 2.6 and $2.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 4.2% higher. In the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 126.4 and 173.0 min at $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 34.0% higher. The effect of fermented extract was 3.9 times higher than $(+)-{\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=43.4min$), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at $50{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory effect of elastase was investigated to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy using Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. The elastase inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 873.6 and $687.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and the activity after fermentation was approximately 21.3% higher. These results indicated that fermented extract of P. tricuspidata stem has potentials as natural cosmetic ingredients with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect.