• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of changes in soil temperature on biodegradation rate of diesel compounds from a field pilot test using hot air injection process. Total remediation time was estimated from in-situ biodegradation rate and temperature for optimum biodegradation. All tests were conducted by measuring in-situ respiration rates every about 10 days on highly contaminated area where an accidental diesel release occurred. The applied remediation methods were hot air injection/extraction process to volatilize and extract diesel compounds followed by a bioremediation process to degrade residual diesels in soils. Oxygen consumption rate varied from 2.2 to 46.3%/day in the range of 26 to $60^{\circ}C$, and maximum $O_2$ consumption rate was observed at $32.0^{\circ}C$. Zero-order biodegradation rate estimated on the basis of oxygen consumption rates varied from 6.5 to 21.3 mg/kg-day, and the maximum biodegradation rate was observed at $32^{\circ}C$ as well. In other temperature range, the values were in the decreasing trend. The first-order kinetic constants (k) estimated from in-situ respiration rates measured periodically were 0.0027, 0.0013, and $0.0006d^{-1}$ at 32.8, 41.1, and $52.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The estimated remediation time was from 2 to 9 years, provided that final TPH concentration in soils was set to 870 mg/kg.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2001

배경: 승포판 전엽이나 교련 또는 여러 판엽에 걸쳐 광범위한 병변으로 인한 승모판 역류의 경우 수술수기에 대한 뚜렷한 정립이 되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 최근 이러한 병변의 승모판 역류의 경우 PTEE(Polytetrafluro-ethylene)을 이용한 신건삭 형성술의 시행이 점차 늘고 있다. 이에 저자들은 PTEE를 이용한 신건삭 형성술이 승모판 성형술에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 승모판막 성형술을 시행 받은 322명의 환자 중에서 신건삭 형성술을 이용하여 승모판 성형술을 시행한 144례(I군)과 신건삭 형성술 이외의 방법으로 승모판 성형술을 시행한 178례(II군)를 대상으로 하였다. 두 군에서 수술 직후ㅘ 수술 후 6개월, 1년 및 1년 단위로 주기적인 심초음파를 시행하였고 이를 통계적 검정하였다. 결과: 같은 기간 승모판 성형술은 승모판막 폐쇄 부전증으로 내원한 환자의 95%(306)에서 추적 관찰이 가능하였다. 두 구난에 수술 전 혈류 역학적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 수술 전 평균 승모판막 폐쇄 부전의 정도는 I군이 3.8$\pm$0.4, II군이 3.6$\pm$0.3였으나 수술 후 추적 관찰에서 각각 1.3$\pm$0.9와 1.1$\pm$0.7 정도의 양호한 판막 성형술의 결과를 보였고 승모판막 면적의변화나 승모판막에서의 평균 압력차이 등 혈류 역학적인 결과에도 차이를 보이고 있지 않았다. 술 후 3명(0.9%)의 조기 사망과 4명 (1.2%)의 후기 사망이 있었으나 두 군간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 만기 생존율( 93.7$\pm$3.3 vs 88.0$\pm$1.95) 및 판막살패가 발생하기 않을 확률( 93.7$\pm$3.6 vs 93.3$\pm$3.4%) 과 재수술이 필요치 않을 활률(99.3$\pm$0.7 vs 96.0$\pm$1.9%), 색전증, 감염성 심내막염, 판막과 관련된 합병증 발생률 등에서 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 전엽과 후엽에서 신건삭 형성술을 시행한 환자에서는 통계학적인 차이가 없었다(p=0.29) 결론: 신건삭 형성술을 이용한 승모판 성형술은 승모판 성형술의 증가(r=0.98, p<0.01)를 가져 왔을 뿐만 아니라 내구성과 안정성에 있어 기존의 안전화된 수술 수기와 견줄만하다. 특히 이러한 신건삭 형성술은 승모판 전엽에 병변이 있는 경우와 교련부 및 여러 엽에 광범위한 병변으로 인하여 재건술이 어려운 경우에도 승모판 재건을 가능하게 하는 우수한 수술 수리가 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 1999

배경 : 류마티스성 승모판막 폐쇄부전증과 퇴행성 승모판막 폐쇄부전증에서 승모판막 성형술의 결과와 비교하여 류마티스성 승모판막 폐쇄부전증에서도 승모팍막성형술이 적합한 치료방법이 될 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 95년 1월부터 98년 12월 까지 승모판막 성형술을 시행받은 184명의 환자중에서 류마티스성 승모판막 폐쇄부전증 49례(1군)의 퇴행성 승모판막 폐쇄부전증 78례(2군)를 대상으로 하였다. 평균연령은 1군이 36.3$\pm$14.6(16-74세) 2군은 52.5$\pm$13.4(14-77)세였다 총 추적 관찰기간은 1군이 72.2인년 2군이77.2인년이었다 두군에서 수술후와 수술후 6개월 1년 및 이후 1년 단위로 주기적인 심초음파를 시행하였고 이를 통계적 검정하였다. 결과 : 두 군간에 수술전 혈류역학적인 차이를 보이지 않았고 수술전 평균 승모판막 폐쇄 부전의 정도는 1군이 3.0$\pm$0.4, 2군이 3.9$\pm$0.3였으나 수술후 추적 관찰에서 각각 0.9$\pm$0.9와 0.8$\pm$0.7정도의 양호한 판막 성형술의 결과를 보였고 승모판막 면적의 변화나 승모판막에서의 평균압력차이 등 혈류역학적인 결과에도 차이를 보이고 있지 않았다 수술조기 사망과 후기 사망은 없었으며 재수술율은 1군이 인년대비 1.4% 2군이 인년대비 2.6%였고 색전발생율은 1군이 인년대비 2.8% 2군이 1.3%였다. 심내막염발생은 1군에서만 1례있었으며 상기 결과들에서 두군간에 의미있는 차이를 보이고 있지는 않았다 결론 : 향후 장기적인 추적 관찰이 필요하나 중기 성적에서 승모판막 성형술이 류마티스성 승모판막 폐쇄 부전증에서도 효과적인 치료방법임을 알수 있었다.다 출생후 폐포막의 FN의 활성은 출생후 5일 및 7일에 최고주에 달했다. 출생직후 1-2일경에 혈관의 조직내 FN의 활성이 양성을 나타내지만 3일이후 활성이감소되었다. 폐포대식세포내 FN의 활성은 출생후 증가되었다. 폐조직내 소기관지의 FN의 활성은 출생후 완만하게 상승되었다. 큰 폐포세포는 출생 1-3일에 일정량의 FN 반응이 세포질과 미세융모내에 관찰되었다. 결론 : 이상과 같은 결과로 흰쥐의 폐포의 분화과정이 계속되는 출생후 폐에서 FN의 분비는 7일이내에 성숙흰쥐의 폐포내 반응과 비슷한 반응으르 보이며 이때 폐의 실질조직은 분화가 거의 완료되었을 것으로 사료되었고 큰 폐포세포에서도 FN이 분비되는 것으로 결론지울수 있다.X>에서 $1,332.75{\mu}g/mL$으로 최 대값을 나타내었으며, 추출시간 4.24시간 및 시료에 대한 용매비 9.71 mL/g에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 추출온도가 높고, 추출시간이 증가할수록 총 polyphenol 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Gallic acid 함량은 $65.84^{\circ}C$에서 $30.51{\mu}g/mL$으로 최대값을 나타내 었으며, 추출시간 1.65시간 및 시료에 대한 용매비 17.17mL/g에서 가장 높은 추출율을 보였다. Gallic acid 함량에 대한 추출조건의 영향은 추출시간과 용매비에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 설정된 범위 내에서 온도에 대한 영향은 거의 나타나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실험연구가 더 필요하리라 본다. 혈액학적 변화를 유도하고 환자의 연령, 혈소판 수, 대동맥 차단 시간, 체외 순환 시간, 술후 PT 및 aPTT와 같은 다인적 상황들이 술후 출혈에 영향을 미친다는 점들을 시사하고

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.114-121
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• 2007

Background: Apoptosis plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, as well as in development and tissue homeostasis. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated neck end labelling (TUNEL) and in situ nick end labelling (ISEL) have been used to investigate the apoptosis in tissues. Since the introduction of the M30 monoclonal antibody to overcome drawbacks of TUNEL and ISEL, the apoptosis in various tumors, with the exception of pulmonary carcinomas, has been studied. In this study, attempts were made to examine the correlation of apoptosis in non-small cell carcinomas, using both M30 and the expression of p53 protein, with the clinicopathological factors. Material and Method: Forty five patients with surgically resected non-small cell carcinomas were included. Immunohistochemical staining with M30 and p53 monoclonal antibody were peformed, and their expressions compared with the clinicopathological features. The overall survival time and recurrence-free survival time were calculated, and the factors influencing the survival time analyzed using a univariate analysis. The effects of the expression stati of M30 and p53 on the risks of cancer related to both death and recurrence were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. Result: The p53 positive group had many more M30 positive cells than the p53 negative group (p53 positive group; $61.7{\pm}26.8$ cells vs. p53 negative group; $45.6{\pm}29.6$ cells, p=0.005) and significantly more p53 positive patients showing at least 10 positive cells (apoptotic index, $Al{\ge}1$) on M30 staining (p53 positive group; 52.4% (11/21) vs. p53 negative group 16,7% (4/24), p=0.025). In the univariate analysis, the survival times in relation to smoking (pack-year), performance status (PS) and Al showed significant differences. The multivariate analysis demonstrated the relative risk (R.R) of cancer death increased almost 7.5-fold (R.R 7.482; 95% Cl $1.886{\sim}29.678$; p=0.004) and the risk of recurrence almost 3,8-fold (R.R 3.795; 95% Cl: $1.184{\sim}12.158$; p=0.025) in the high Al (${\ge}1$) compared to the low Al (<1) group. There was no prognostic effect of p53 expression on the survival time or risk of cancer death and recurrence. Conclusion: In non-small cell lung carcinomas, M30 immunohistochemistry was an excellent method for analyzing apoptosis; the high apoptotic index could be an adverse prognostic predictive factor.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 1998

Purpose : We retrospectively analyzed the impact of subpleural lesions of early stage non-small cell lung cancer on the patterns of failure to support selection of postoperative adjuvant therapy. Methods and Materials : The study included 91 patients who underwent surgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer at Dong-A University Hospital from Dec 1990 to Sep 1996. Twenty five patients were excluded due to postoperative mortality (four patients, 4.4$\%$) and stage III (21 patients). Of 66 patients, 22 patients were subpleural lesions (15 patients in stage I, and seven patients in stage II). Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was given to seven patients with T2Nl disease. The median follow-up duration was 29.5 months (range; 8-84 months). Results : The overall survival rate was 69.5$\%$ at 3 years. For all patients who presented with (22 patients) and without (44 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 35.5$\%$ and 84.6$\%$, respectively (p=0.0017). For stage I patients who presented with (15 patients) and without (29 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 33.1$\%$ and 92.3$\%$, respectively (p=0.001). For stage II patients who presented with (7 patients) and without (15 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 53.3$\%$ and 45.7$\%$, respectively (p=0.911). For patients with T2N0 disease (34 patients) who presented with (11 patients) and without (23 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 27.3$\%$ and 90.3$\%$, respectively (p=0.009). Conclusion : These observations suggest that the subpleural lesion play an important role as a prognostic factor for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Especially for T2N0 disease, patients with subpleural lesions showed significantly lower survival rate than those without that.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.721-732
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the status of pregnancy and delivery and relationship among knowledge, attitude and practice about pregnancy and delivery in poor country, Nepal. A questionnaire survey by interviewer was conducted to examine the general characteristics, knowledge about pregnancy and delivery, attitude about pregnancy and delivery, the rate of prenatal care and delivery condition of women who had an experience of delivery during last year$(1994.4.13\sim1995.4.12)$ at a rural area, nepal(Dolakha Bazar Area). The major findings are as follows ; Among respondents, 87.5 percentage never had health education and the degree of knowledge about pregnancy and delivery was low. Among respondents, 56.6 percentage had the attitude that they didn't want antenatal care, 42.8 % of respondents answered that they wouldn't visit hospital or health center when vaginal bleeding occurred and 82.9% thought that the delivery itself was dirty. The proportion of women who experienced antenatal care was 28.3%, the proportion of health facilities delivery was 5.3%, which was very low and 82.6% of home delivery case didn't sanitate the tool to cut the umbilical cord. The women who had positive attitude about antenatal care and health facility utilization experienced more antenatal care and health facilities delivery. On consideration of above findings, health education for pregnancy and delivery is required to improve mother-child health status in poor country. To make efficient health education, the target population group, such as the uneducated, inhabitants far from health center or medical facility, must be chosen. To help the poor countries in medical field, the study on health status and its related factors on these countries like this article would be required.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1997

This study was carried out to clarify seasonal changes of chemical compositions and their interrelation in leaves, shoots and berries treated with gibberellin($GA$_{3}$)for seedless grapes in ‘Delaware’grapevines. the clusters were dipped twice with 100ppm $GA_{3}$: 10 days befor and after the full bloom. The reaults obtained as follows; 1. Cumulative growth curve of berry fresh weight showed a double sigmoid curve and the characteristics of three distinctive growth stages(I, II, III)were weekened with $GA_{3}$ treatment. 2. while the contents of ash, total carbon, total nitrogen and total carbohydratd had little reation with edvelopment and ripeness of berries, those of total sugar and starch jad close relation, viz., they decreased with enlargement and maturity fo berries, but increased rapidly after harvest in leaves and shoots. Especially, total sugars in leaves and shoots decreased coincidently with starch-increasing in shoots at November. 3. The contents of total soluble solid and reducing sugar in berries increased rapidly at growth stage III, but those of total titratable acidity and organic acid decreased coincidently with sugar-increasing. 4. The berry-hardness increased until growth stage I, and then stagnated until gtowth stage II, and then increased rapidly at growth stage III. pH of berry-juice decreased until growth stageII, afterwards increased at growth stage III. 5. By correlation and path coefficient analysis between qualitative characters and the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity($^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity), total correlation coefficients were all highly significant. Of these characters, pH and viscosity of berry-juice were positive, but brightness and hardness of berry, negative. The direct effect of pH on $^{\circ}$Brix/Acidity ratio, p4y=0.9090, was large positively and those of berry-hardness and juice-viscosity, p1y=0, 5938, median and, p2y=0, 3550, small, respectively. Direct effect of brightness was negatively small.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1641-1648
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• 2007

Yippee-like proteins, which have been identified as the homolog of Drosophila yippee protein containing a zinc-finger domain, are known to be highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, their functional roles are still poorly understood. Recently we initiated ordered differential display (ODD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to isolate genes of which expressions are altered following activation of human T cells. On the ODD-PCR image, one PCR-product detected in unstimulated T cells was not detectable at the time when the activated T cells traversed near $G_1/S$ boundary following activation by immobilized anti-CD3. Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the PCR-product was yippee-like 5 (YPEL5) gene, which was known as a human homolog of the Drosophila yippee gene. Northern blot analysis confirmed the amount of ${\sim}2.2$ kb YPEL5 mRNA expression detectable in unstimulated T cells was sustained until 1.5 hr after activation and then rapidly declined to undetectable level by 5 hr. Ectopic expression of YPEL5 gene in human cervix epitheloid carcinoma HeLa cells caused a significant reduction in cell proliferation to the level of 47% of the control. Expression of GFP-YPEL5 fusion protein in HeLa cells showed its nuclear localization. These results demonstrated that the expression level of human YPEL5 mRNA was negatively regulated in the early stage of T cell activation, and suggested that YPEL5 might exert an inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation as a nuclear protein.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2015

Purpose Serum estradiol ($E_2$) measurement is requested for diagnosing menstrual cycles, ovulation induction, infertility, and menopause. $E_2$ is measured using several methods and kits including radioimmunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescece immunoassay (CLIA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of these methods and to compare them with each other. Materials and Methods Seven radioimmunoassay kits and two CLIA methods were included in the analysis. Using standard samples and patient samples, intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision, correlation between other methods, sensitivity, and recovery rate were evaluated. Results For all tested kits and methods, coefficients of variance (CVs) of intra-assay precision test were 10.9~13.6% in low-level samples and less than 10% in medium and high-level samples. CVs of inter-assay precision test were 10.8~12.3% in low-level samples and less than 10% in medium and high-level samples with all tested kits and methods. Recovery rates were $92.7{\pm}12.4%$ for SIEMENS, $101.4{\pm}18.4%$ for DIAsource, $95.1{\pm}11.5%$ for AMP, $108.4{\pm}18.5%$ for BECKMAN COULTER, $104.2{\pm}13.5%$ for BECKMAN COULTER Ultra Sensitive, $101.3{\pm}11.6%$ for CIS Bio, and $93.1{\pm}13.2%$ for MP kits. Sensitivity was 7.5, 6.2, 5.7, 6.2, 5.3, 4.5, and 5.5 pg/mL for SIEMENS, DIAsource, AMP, BECKMAN COULTER, BECKMAN COULTER Ultra Sensitive, CIS Bio, and MP kits, respectively. The measurement by MP kit was slightly higher than those by other kits in low-level samples, and the measurement by E170 was slightly higher than those of other kits in medium and high-level samples. In the measurement of standard sample for external quality control, SIEMENS kit produced relatively lower values whereas E170, Architect, and MP kits produced relatively higher values compared with other kits. Conclusion All tested kits for $E_2$ measurement have satisfactory performance for clinical use. However, correlation between kits should be considered when test kits are to be changed, because some pairs of kits do not have correlations with each other.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Ca fertilizer on the growth of mother plants, physiological disorders, and occurrence of daughter plants in propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberry through plastic bag cultivation. To achieve this, chemicals of 1.125 mM $Ca(OH)_2$, 0.375 mM $MgCl_2$, 1.250 mM KCl were blended and designated to combined fertilizer (CF). Then, the effect was compared to the treatment of no Ca application (control) and a commercial fertilizer, CalMag (13-0-1.9-16-6:N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$-CaO-MgO), when those were applied every two weeks with controlled electrical conductivity (EC) of solution such as 0.6 or 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The number of plants showing Ca deficiency symptoms was the highest in control treatment, but those decreased significantly in CF or CalMag treatments. The differences between CF and CalMag in appearance of Ca deficient plants were not significant when two fertilizers were applied with same EC. The fresh and dry weights of mother plants were the greater in the treatments of CF or CalMag than those of control treatment. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ on the fresh and dry weight of the mother plants. The runner lengths in the treatment of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF were the longest among the all treatments tested. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag in lengths and fresh and dry weight of runners. The fresh and dry weights of daughter plants were heavier in the treatments of CF than those of CalMag. Based on the above results, we concluded that the Ca deficiency in raising 'Seolhyang' strawberry can be lessened by the application of Ca containing fertilizers, but combined application of Ca, K and Mg was more effective than that of Ca alone for seedling production.