• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

Objectives: Subjective-objective discrepancy of sleep (SODS) is a common symptom and one of the major phenotypes of insomnia. A distorted perception of sleep deficit might be related to abnormal brain reactivity to insomnia-related stimuli. We aimed to investigate differences in brain activation to insomnia-related stimuli vs. general anxiety-inducing stimuli among insomnia patients with SODS, insomnia patients without SODS, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: All participants were evaluated for subjective sleep status using a sleep diary and questionnaires; occult sleep disorders and objective sleep status were assessed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Task functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during insomnia-related stimuli (Ins) and general anxiety-inducing stimuli (Gen). Brain reactivity to Ins versus Gen was compared among insomnia with SODS, insomnia without SODS, and HC groups, and a combined insomnia disorder group (ID, insomnia with and without SODS) was also compared with HCs. Results: In the insomnia with SODS group compared to the insomnia without SODS group, the right precuneus and right supplementary motor areas showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. In the ID group compared to the HC group, the left anterior cingulate cortex showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. Conclusion: The insomnia with SODS and ID groups showed higher brain activity in response to Ins versus Gen, while this was not observed in the insomnia without SODS and HC groups, respectively. These results suggest that insomnia patients with sleep misperception are more sensitive to sleep-related threats than general anxiety-inducing threats.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2003.10d
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• pp.241-245
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• 2003

본 논문은 기계번역 시스템의 성능평가를 위한 '핵심어 전달율 측정' 방안에 대해서 기술한다. 기계번역 시스템의 성능평가는 두 가지 측면으로 고려될 수 있다. 첫 번째는 객관적인 평가로 IBM에서 주창한 BLEU score 측정이나 NIST의 NIST score 측정이 그 예이다. 객관적인 평가는 평가자의 주관적인 판단이나 언어적인 특성을 배제한 방법으로 프로그램을 통해 자동으로 fluency와 adequacy를 측정하여 성능을 평가한다. 다음은 주관적인 평가이다. 주관적인 평가는 평가자의 평가를 통해 번역의 품질을 평가하는 방법이다. 주관적 평가 방법의 대표적인 것으로는 NESPOLE이나 LDC가 있다. 주관적인 평가는 평가자의 정확한 판단으로 신뢰할만한 성능평가 결과를 도출하지만, 시간과 비용이 많이 들고, 재사용할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 번역대상 문장에서 핵심어를 추출하고, 그 핵심어가 기계번역 시스템의 수행결과에 전달된 정도를 자동으로 측정하는 새로운 평가방법인 '핵심어 전달율 측정' 방안을 제안한다. 이는 성능평가의 비용과 시간을 절약하고, 주관적 평가와 유사한 신뢰성 있는 평가결과를 얻을 수 있는 좋은 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

This study was conducted an convergence research on 210 mothers in order to examine the effect of golf on subjective happiness of mothers who have children with disabilities. The factors were conducted surveys using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Firstly, were mostly 40s, college graduates, Buddhists or had no religion, had housekeeping as occupation, had average household income, and most of them were healthy. In addition, descriptive statistics on their years of experience in golf, golf strokes, field, practice frequency, and practice hours were all above average. Secondly, significant correlations were suggested between experience in golf, golf strokes, field, practice frequency, silence during practice hours, and in the subjective happiness of negative correlation as a result of analysing the correlations between the factors. Thirdly, the field, practice frequency, and practice hours affected the subjective happiness.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-83
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• 2019

Delay of immediate gains/losses brings on additional gaines/losses as much as waiting period. However, there are individual difference in evaluating the value of delayed time discounting on the person. In this study, to investigates the individual differences about valuating the delayed time, it is ascertained the correlation between decisions from intertemporal choice task and individual differences of risk taking/perception, emotion, regulatory focus, and HPSP and BELT, subjective period measuring task. In Addition, it is analyzed the individual differences after classifying good/bad performer of intertemporal tasks and person who perceive long/short about the future periods. As a result, good performers of intertemporal task have high openness and perceive longer about 12 hours, 15 days, 6 months and 5 years. Reconstruction about future temporal length plays an important role on intertemporal task, and it is discussed about necessity of follow up study.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

Objectives: This study was done to find out fatigue and self-reported physical symptoms of Vinylhouse farmers. The results of this study could be used as a basic data to develop health promotion program for Vinylhouse farmers who are suffering from fatigue and physical symptoms. Methods: The 166 respondents, who were working in Vinylhouse and were living in a remoted area where the primary health post located, were participated in this study. Thirty: 30 items of self-reported fatigue scale was used to evaluate the farmers fatigue level which made by Japanese industrial and hygenic association(1988). Twenty four: 24 items of index used by researcher for self-reported physical symptoms was from Lee In Bae's(1999) modified Index which was originated from Cornell Medical Index(1949). Another questionnaires used in this study were developed by researcher through related documents. Results: The results of this study were as follows; Fatigue scores were high in accordance with women(t=-2.212, p<0.05), worse recognized health state(F=20.610, p<.001), lack of sleeping hours(F=3.937, p<0.05), eat irregularly(t=-3.883, p<0.001), don't take a bath after application of chemical(t=-2.950, p<0.01), working time per a day(F=5.633, p<0.01) & working time per a day in Vinylhouse(F=5.247, p<0.01) were long. Subjective physical symptoms were high in accordance with women(t=-3.176, p<0.01), worse recognized health state(F=35.335, p<0.001), and low education(F=3.467, p<0.05). eat irregularly(t=-3.384, p<0.01), alcohol drinking(t=-2.389, p<0.05). When farmers don't take a bath after application of chemical show high(t=-3.188, p<0.01). As a result, the factors affecting to Vinylhouse worker's health were irregular diet habit, scarce exercise, lack of proper rest, symptoms oriented from Vinylhouse work in contaminated environment with high temperature and humidity. Conclusions: Based on this study, health promotion program is necessary for Vinylhouse workers. Also, the development of continuously practical strategy of healthy life style including exercise and comprehensive health promotion program considered the country's social and cultural background are needed.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2003

디지털방송, DAB 등과 같은 디지털 오디오 방송 서비스를 위한 디지털 시스템을 설계하기 위해서는 오디오 음질을 평가하기 위한 방법이 필수적이다. 기존의 방식은 인간의 귀를 이용한 주관적 방식을 이용함으로서 많은 시간과 비용을 들이게 되며, 음질평가를 하는 사람의 주관적 의견에 많이 좌우하게 된다. 그러나 최근 ITV-R에서는 오디오 음질의 객관적 평가를 위한 BS.1387(PEAQ)를 제안함으로 많은 시간과 비용을 절감하고 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 얻게 되었다. PEAQ는 인간의 귀에서의 신호의 처리과정과 인식과정을 심리음향모델과 인식모델로 분리하여 구성함으로써 주관적 평가의 SDG(Subjective Difference Grade)에 대응하는 ODG(Objective Difference Grade)를 구하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 PEAQ의 심리음향 모델과 인식 모델을 원리와 과정을 평가 분석하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

To analyze a room reverberation, many objective parameters have been suggested as measures of subjective perception in concert hall acoustics. However, it is difficult to understand the relationship among the individual parameters and to have a whole image of them. In this paper five primary objective parameters were selected and a reverberation model based on them was established by the reverberation decay curve. The proposed model was interpreted geometrically in terms of subjective characteristics. And finally we discuss the usefulness and the limitation of the model when it is applied to the analysis and.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-155
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to identified the relationship between the risk of obstructive sleep apnea, subjective health, and health-related quality of life among the middle-aged and elderly population in Korea. Methods: Adults aged 40 or older were extracted from the total 22,559 respondents to the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIII, and secondary analysis was conducted on a total of 6,659 middle-aged and elderly people with no missing values. Logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea risk factors and subjective health as well as quality of life. Results: The subjective health status decline in the high-risk group compared to the non-risk group for obstructive sleep apnea was statistically significantly higher, with an odds ratio of 1.84 (p<0.001). The health-related quality of life was also statistically significantly lower by 0.02 points (β, -0.02; p<0.001). As a result of subgroup analysis on specific variables, the association between the risk of obstructive sleep apnea and subjective health and health-related quality of life was statistically significant depending on gender, sleep time, presence of depression, household income, and number of household members. Based on the obstructive sleep apnea risk group, women had a higher correlation with low subjective health and lower health-related quality of life scores than men. Sleeping time of more than 8 hours or less than 6 hours was more associated with low subjective health and lower health-related quality of life score than sleeping time of 6-8 hours. Patients with depression were more likely to have low subjective health than those without depression. The lower the household income level and the smaller the number of household members, the higher the association with low subjective health and the lower the health-related quality of life score. Conclusion: It is essential to recognize that the risk of obstructive sleep apnea not only directly affects sleep disorders but also impacts individuals' subjective health and quality of life. Consequently, social support and education should be provided to raise awareness of this issue. Particularly, programs for preventing and managing obstructive sleep apnea should target vulnerable groups such as women, individuals in single-person households, low household income, and those with depression, aiming to improve their subjective health and quality of life.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2022

This study aimed to firstly, understand how adolescents' mental, physical, sentimental, and health status and daily life have changed due to drastic environmental changes resulted from spending more time at home and taking online classes as a part of social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic and secondly, identify how such changes influenced their subjective happiness. In conclusion, this study provided theoretical and practical discussion and implications for adolescents' happiness in disaster situation based on adolescent happiness influence factors.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.24-34
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• 2005

시스템을 설계하고 제작한 후에 그 시스템과 구성 요소가 최종적으로 음질에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 일은 필수적이다. 음질평가 기법은 크게 두 가지가 있다. 첫 번째는 사람의 귀로 듣고 평가하는 주관평가 방법이고, 두 번째는 측정 데이터로부터 객관적으로 성능을 평가하는 방법이다. 주관적 음질평가 방법은 사람이 직접 귀로 듣고 평가하는 방법이기 때문에, 여러 가지 불안정한 요소를 안고 있다. 주관 평가자의 신체적$\cdot$심리적 상태에 따라 평가가 달라질 수 있으며, 개개인에 따라 다른 결과를 내기도 한다. 따라서, 주관평가 결과의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해서는 통계적인 데이터를 얻고 평가자를 올바르게 훈련시켜야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 시간과 비용이 많이 소비된다. 따라서 측정 데이터로부터의 정교한 계산을 통하여 라우드스피커의 음질을 신뢰할만한 수준으로 평가할 수 있다면 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 시간 및 비용 절감 효과를 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 측정 데이터로부터 시스템의 음질을 신뢰할만한 수준으로 평가할 수 있는 기법을 새롭게 제안한다. 이것은 ITU-R Recommendation BS. 1387인 PEAQ를 사용하여 라우드스피커의 음질을 평가하는 방법이다.