• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

In this paper, a algorithm to find joints of a small animal like a lizard from the multiple-view silhouette images is presented. The proposed algorithm is able to calculate the 3D coordinates so that the locomotion of the lizard is markerlessly reconstructed. The silhouette images of the lizard was obtained by a adaptive threshold algorithm. The skeleton image of the silhouette image was obtained by Zhang-Suen method. The back-bone line, head and tail point were detected with the A* search algorithm and the elimination of the ortho-diagonal connection algorithm. Shoulder joints and hip joints of a lizard were found by $3{\times}3$ masking of the thicked back-bone line. Foot points were obtained by morphology calculation. Finally elbow and knee joint were calculated by the ortho distance from the lines of foot points and shoulder/hip joint. The performance of the suggested algorithm was evaluated through the experiment of detecting joints of a small lizard.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

The 3-Dimensional(3D) localization system based on beacon expansion and coordinate-space disassembly for the design of the 3D localization system in indoor environment is proposed and the performance of the proposed system is analyzed in this paper. The localization ratio of the 3D localization system adapts the proposed algorithm is analyzed by the calculation of errors occurred in the coordinates that the mobile node locates. It is indicated that the average error distance of the 3D localization system adapts the proposed algorithm is less than that of the 3D localization system not adapts the proposed algorithm as 0.47m. The localization average distance error in 12 coordinates is indicated that the 1.5m case is less than 2.5m case as 0.38m by some experimentations under the condition that the distances between the ceiling and the mobile node are 1.5m and 2.5m measured from the ceiling respectively. It is seen that the 3D localization system based on beacon expansion and coordinate-space disassembly can improved the degradation of the quality of service that is caused by some conditions and performance differences in sensors.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2017

The network RTK surveying has been widely used in the field of cadastral surveys in recent years, and its use is gradually expanding. As a result of the implementation of GPS static surveys by civilian companies in accordance with the progress of the cadastral surveys and gradual civilian transfer plans and cadastral surveys, there has been an increase in the number of civilian companies performing surveys. In this paper, we describe the process of applying the results of analysis of conformity using the network RTK site calibration function on the local coordinate system to the GPS static surveying of the cadastral reference points in Anyang city. In addition, the measurement results of the network RTK site calibration function and the results of the GPS static surveying network reconciliation in the local coordinate system were compared, and the performance was determined within 0.04m maximum of RMSE(Root Mean Square Error), and further study on the application method is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

This research is aimed at offering a fundamental data for the adjustment of cadastral inconsistency of administrative boundary areas from this time onward by analyzing actual conditions of cadastral inconsistency at the study areas by the use of digital topographic map and digital cadastral map of si-gun-gu boundary area. As a result of examining the actual condition of cadastral inconsistency at the surveyed areas, the extent of cadastral inconsistency of the neighboring administrative boundary areas was assessed as ${\pm}3.15m$ of RMSE on X coordinates and also assessed as ${\pm}2.85\;m$ of RMSE on Y coordinates; in addition, RMSE of the neighboring district of the administrative boundary areas on X coordinates was assessed as ${\pm}1.33\;m$, and ${\pm}0.75\;m$ of RMSE on Y coordinates respectively-thus, this research could suggest the fact that there has arisen a lot of cadastral inconsistency areas at administrative boundary areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2012

This paper presents a 3-D pose (position and orientation) estimation method for an elliptic object in 3-D space. It is difficult to resolve the problem of determining 3-D pose parameters with respect to an elliptic feature in 3-D space by interpretation of its projected feature onto an image plane. As an alternative, we propose a two points-based pose estimation algorithm to seek the 3-D information of an elliptic feature. The proposed algorithm determines a homogeneous transformation uniquely for a given correspondence set of an ellipse and two coplanar points that are defined on model and image plane, respectively. For each plane, two triangular features are extracted from an ellipse and two points based on the polarity in 2-D projection space. A planar homography is first estimated by the triangular feature correspondences, then decomposed into 3-D pose parameters. The proposed method is evaluated through a series of experiments for analyzing the errors of 3-D pose estimation and the sensitivity with respect to point locations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.507-520
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• 2011

Conventional radar altimeter system measured directly the distance between the satellite and the ocean surface and frequently used by aircraft for approach and landing. The radar altimeter is good at flat surface like sea whereas it is difficult to determine precise three dimensional ground coordinates because the ground surface, unlike ocean, is very indented. To overcome this drawback of the radar altimeter, we have developed and validated the interferometric radar altimeter signal processing which is combined with new synthetic aperture and interferometric signal processing algorithm to extract precise three-dimensional ground coordinates. The proposed algorithm can accurately measure the three dimensional ground coordinates using three antennas. In a set of 70 simulations, the averages of errors in x, y and z directions were approximately -0.40 m, -0.02 m and 4.22 m, respectively and the RMSEs were about 3.40 m, 0.30 m and 6.20 m, respectively. The overall results represent that the proposed algorithm is effective for accurate three dimensional ground positioning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.599-605
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• 2009

Changes of atmospheric pressures cause short- and long-term crustal deformations and thus become error sources in the site positions estimated from space geodesy equipments. In this study, we computed daily displacements due to the atmospheric pressure loading (ATML) at the 14 permanent GPS sites operated by National Geographic Information Institute. And the 10-year GPS data collected at those stations were processed to create a continuous time series of the height estimate. Then, we corrected for the ATML from the GPS height time series to see if the correction changes the site velocity and improves the precision of the time series. While the precision improved by about 4% on average, the velocity change was not significant at all. We also investigated the overall characteristics of the ATML in the southern Korean peninsula by computing the ATML effects at the inland grid points with a $0.5^{\circ}{\times}0.5^{\circ}$ spatial resolution. We found that ATML displacements show annual signals and those signals can be fitted with sinusoidal functions. The amplitudes were in the range of 3-4 mm, and they were higher at higher latitudes and lower at the costal area.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2008

Landslide, one of the serious natural disasters, has Incurred a large loss of human and material resources. Recently, many forecasting or alarm systems based on various kinds of measuring equipment have been developed to reduce the damage of landslide. However, only a few of these equipments are guaranteed to evaluate the safety of whole side of land slope with their accessibility to the slope. In this study, we performed some experiments to evaluate the applicability of a terrestrial LiDAR as a surveying tool to measure the displacement of a land slope surface far a slope collapsing protection system. In the experiments, we had applied a slope stability method to a land slope and then forced to this slope with a load increasing step by step. In each step, we measured the slope surface with both a total station and a terrestrial LiDAR simultaneously. As the result of Slope Fracturing analysis using all targets, the LiDAR system showed that three was 1cm RMSE on X-axis, irregularity errors on Y-axis and few errors on Z-axis compare with Total Station. As the result of Slope Fracturing analysis using continuous targets, the pattern of Slope Fracturing was different according to the location of continuous targets and we could detect a continuous change which couldn't be found using Total station. The accuracy of the LiDAR data was evaluated to be comparable to that of the total station data. We found that a LiDAR system was appropriate to measuring the behaviour of land slope. The LiDAR data can cover the whole surface of the land slope, whereas the total station data are available on a small number of targets. Moreover, we extracted more detail information about the behavior of land slope such as the volume and profile changes using the LiDAR data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.573-578
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• 2010

Precise determination of satellite positions is necessary to improve positioning accuracy in GNSS. In this study, GLONASS orbits were predicted from broadcast ephemeris using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method and their accuracy dependence on the integration step and the integration time was analyzed. The 3D RMS (Root Mean Square) differences between the results from I-second integration step and 300-second integration step was about 3 cm, but the processing time was one hundred times less for the I-second integration time case. For trials of different integration times, the 3D RMS errors were 8.3 m, 187.3 m, and 661.5 m for 30-, 150-, and 300-minutes of integration time, respectively. Though this integration-time analysis, we concluded that the accuracy gets higher with a shorter integration time. Thus we suggest forward and backward integration methods to improve GLONASS positioning accuracy, and with this method we can achieve a 5-meter level of 3-D orbit accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7855-7862
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• 2015

Cadastral map information is created by registering parcel information such as location, lot number, land category and boundary through the cadastral survey. However, with regard to boundary point coordinate, computerized cadastral information data was registered to either two decimal places (unit in centimeter) or three decimal places (unit in millimeter) so that a confusion in cadastral administration and cadastral survey has been caused. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look for a method of matching two different coordinate systems through the consideration of registration of cadastral information data and area calculation. In conclusion, the result of the investigation not only shows that areal change and the creation of minute polygons resulted from land alteration could be solved by changing boundary point coordinate from two decimal places to three decimal places, but also suggests that the related laws and regulations to register boundary point coordinate to three decimal places should be institutionally corrected and applied.