Korean Journal of Remote Sensing (대한원격탐사학회지)

Korean Society of Remote Sensing (대한원격탐사학회)
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An Efficient Interferometric Radar Altimeter (IRA) Signal Processing to Extract Precise Three-dimensional Ground Coordinates

정밀 3차원 지상좌표 추출을 위한 IRA의 효율적인 신호처리 기법

  • Lee, Dong-Taek (Department of Geoinformatics, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Jung, Hyung-Sup (Department of Geoinformatics, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Yoon, Geun-Won (The third Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development)
  • 이동택 (서울시립대학교 공간정보공학과) ;
  • 정형섭 (서울시립대학교 공간정보공학과) ;
  • 윤근원 (국방과학연구소 제3기술연구본부)
  • Received : 2011.09.25
  • Accepted : 2011.10.18
  • Published : 2011.10.31
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Abstract

Conventional radar altimeter system measured directly the distance between the satellite and the ocean surface and frequently used by aircraft for approach and landing. The radar altimeter is good at flat surface like sea whereas it is difficult to determine precise three dimensional ground coordinates because the ground surface, unlike ocean, is very indented. To overcome this drawback of the radar altimeter, we have developed and validated the interferometric radar altimeter signal processing which is combined with new synthetic aperture and interferometric signal processing algorithm to extract precise three-dimensional ground coordinates. The proposed algorithm can accurately measure the three dimensional ground coordinates using three antennas. In a set of 70 simulations, the averages of errors in x, y and z directions were approximately -0.40 m, -0.02 m and 4.22 m, respectively and the RMSEs were about 3.40 m, 0.30 m and 6.20 m, respectively. The overall results represent that the proposed algorithm is effective for accurate three dimensional ground positioning.

전파 고도계는 비행체의 직하방으로 펄스를 발사하고 펄스의 왕복 도달 시간을 거리로 환산하여 고도를 탐지하는 시스템으로써, 이착륙하는 항공기가 지면에 충돌하는 것을 방지함은 물론, 위성에 탑재되어 전 지구 해수면의 고도를 수 mm의 정밀도로 관측하기도 한다. 그러나 전파 고도계는 넓은 swath 내의 모든 데이터를 취득하여 이의 평균치로 고도를 측정하기 때문에 해수면과 같이 편평한 지역에서는 정밀 고도 추출이 가능하지만, 지면과 같이 변화가 심한 지형에서의 고도 탐지가 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 개선하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 지표면의 고도뿐만 아니라 3차원 위치 좌표까지 효과적으로 추출할 수 있는 간섭계 레이더 고도계 (Interferometric Radar Altimeter, IRA) 신호처리 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 세 개의 센서를 이용한 레이더 간섭기법 (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR)을 통하여 비행체로부터 최근거리에 위치하고 있는 타겟의 3차원 지상 좌표를 정밀하게 추출하는 신호처리 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 신호처리 기법의 정밀도를 분석하기 위하여 약 3,500여 개의 포인트 타겟을 설정하고, RAW 데이터 시뮬레이션 및 70회의 정밀 좌표 추출 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 추출된 좌표와 포인트 타겟 간 오차의 평균과 표준편차, Root mean square errors (RMSEs)를 계산하였고, 이러한 결과로부터 IRA 처리 기법의 좌표 추출 정밀도를 분석하였다. 관측 결과 오차의 평균은 x, y, z 방향으로 각각 -0.40 m, -0.02 m, 4.22 m 이며, 오차의 표준편차는 3.40 m, 0.30 m, 4.60 m, RMSE는 각각 3.40 m, 0.30 m, 6.20 m 로 나타났다. y축 방향으로의 오차는 다른 방향에 비해 매우 작았으며, 이는 간섭기법의 정밀도가 높기 때문이다. 이러한 결과는 고도만을 파악할 수 있었던 기존 전파 고도계의 한계를 넘어 제안된 IRA 처리 기법으로 정밀하게 지표면의 3차원 위치를 추출할 수 있음을 지시한다.

Keywords

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