• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

The community of xylophagous beetles belonging to Cerambycidae, Curculionidae and Scolytinae in Korean white pine, Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zuccarini, forests was surveyed using Malaise traps in 2007. A total of 1,615 xylophagous beetles were collected, including 184 cerambycids from 15 species, 185 curculionids from 17 species, and 1,246 scolytid beetles from 6 species, of which the dominant species was the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus mutilatus Blandford. Ranked by order of population size, the wood-boring and bark beetle community in Korean white pine showed high dominance by one species of Scolytinae, suggesting the community had low biological diversity. Thinning in Korean white pine forests influenced on the abundance of bark and ambrosia beetles, whose populations in particular stands increased 1 year after thinning, and then decreased the following year.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 1994

The relationship of zooplankton communities and distributions of copepods as indicator species to environmental variables, such as temperature, salinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was studied in Pusan Harbor in October 1990 and January, April and July 1991. Zooplankton communities were analysed by using cluster analysis and species diversity index. Four groups of copepods as indicator species were Acrocalanus gacilis, Euchaeta plana, pareuchaeta russell and Pleuromamma gracilis as the oceanic warm water species; Cemtropages abdominalis as the neritic cold water species; Meridian lucens as the oceanic cold water species Acartia omorii as the polluted water species. the offshore waters of Pusan harbor was dominated by the oceanic warm water species in October and by the neritic cold water species in January and April. This area showed the low values of COD and Tin. the inshore waters of Pusan harbor, where the high values of cod And Tin and the low value of diversity were recorder was represented by A.. omorii. Cluster analysis of the zooplankton community revealed two or three regional areas in Pusan harbor. Area I, the offshore area of Pusan harbor, not only was represented high species diversity and low density of A. omorii but also was dominated copepods in zooplankton roups. Areas II and III were grouped horizontally from offshore to inshore of Pusan harbor. Area II was showed intermediate values in diversity, density of A. omorii and percentage composition of copepods. Area III was revealed the lowest diversity,density of A.omorii and percentage composition of Cladocerans.Coperpoda was a dominant zooplankton group in each area during the study periods except two special cases.Area II was dominated by Noctiluca scintillans in April and Area III was occupied by Cladocerans in July.Distribution of Indicator species and areas demarcated based on cluster analysis showed a close relationship with environments.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.325-333
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• 2004

Birds were censused to investigate the composition of landscape structure for bird diversity around Ulsan between May and November 2002. Associations with three main categories of habitat variables were evaluated: 1) amount and type of forest; 2) residual habitats not classified as forest or crops; 3) land-use variables. Cluster analysis of bird community shows the highest forest variables of $79.06\%$, and the others are residual habitat variables ($17.98\%$), land-use variables ($2.94\%$) in spring, and forest variables of $57.77\%$, land-use variables ($23.16\%$), residual habitat variables ($18.47\%$) in autumn, respectively. In Principal Component Analysis of a total of 196 sites, the populations are strongly correlated to Component I ($54.8\%$) based forest habitats and to Component II based on land-use. Species preferring sites were clearly separated with heterogenous forest along the first axis. In autumn, the populations are moderately correlated to Component I based land-use and to component II based forest habitats. Species preferring local habitats were also clearly separated. Fifty three species of 1,700 birds were recorded: Brown-eared Bulbul, Vinous-throated Parrotbill, Great Tit, Tree Sparrow and Black-billed Magpie accounted for over $60\%$ of the observed birds in spring and autumn. The important species were Brown-eared Bulbul, Vinous-throated Parrotbill, Great Tit and Tree Sparrow in spring and autumn. Four habitats in terms of their species richness were computed as follows: Wonhyosan has the highest an expected species number, $E[S_{59}]=19$. Moonsusan has the lowest expected species number, $E[S_{59}]=17$ in spring. In autumn, Kuenamsan has the highest expected species number, $E[S_{63}]=16$. Moonsusan has the lowest expected species number, $E[S_{63}]=12$. Pairwise similarity declined with increasing distance between recording site and recording site from Moonsusan-Wonhyosan (0.62), the same geographical regions clustered separately in a UPGMA cluster tree in spring, and in autumn from Moonsusan-ChungJoksan (0.53).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2000

Odontoma is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor containing enmel, dentin as well as cementum. It has come to mean a growth in which both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation. Most authorities accept the view today that the odontoma represents a hamartomatous malformation rather than a true neoplasm. The etiology of odontomas is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection, inheritance or mutant gene. The odontomas often cause various disturbances in the eruption and position of the teeth. The steps in removal of an odontoma in close relation to an adjacent impacted normal tooth should comprise 1) removal of odontoma and 2) exposure of the impacted tooth. Orthodontic therapy may be applied. Before treatment, the necessary space for the impacted tooth should be evaluated. If there is lack of space in the dental arch, orthodontic treatment should be carried out before operation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.652-663
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to conduct ecological health assessments by using the fish communities in the Manchurian trout habitat. Sampling was conducted twice in July and September 2018. In the survey, 1,119 individuals belonging to 16 species and seven families were collected. The dominant species by number was Rhynchocypris kumgangensis and the subdominant species was Zacco koreanus. Korean endemic species represented 73.33% at Geybang Stream and 76.92% at Naerin Stream. Community analysis revealed that the structure of the fish community was unstable by the dominance index 0.63 (±0.09)-0.97 (±0.01), the diversity index 1.63 (±0.23)-0.33 (±0.09), the evenness index 0.79 (±0.06)-0.24 (±0.07) and the richness index 0.67 (±0.14)-1.80(±0.16). According to the analysis of the tolerance guilds, the total individual number of sensitive species was higher than the intermediate and tolerant species. The insectivore species accounted for 65.09-98.56% of the total trophic guilds, which was the highest observed. The value of the QHEI (Qualitative habitat evaluation index) in the Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis habitat was 119.5 (±0.5)-153.5 (±0.5), indicating an optimal-suboptimal condition. The FAI (Fish assessment index) stream health value was A to B in the study sites. Correlation analysis with FAI and various factors was conducted and a high correlation in QHEI, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis individuals, species, individuals, diversity, richness, sensitive species, carnivorous species, insectivorous species, and omnivorous species was found. The similarity analysis was divided into three groups from A to C, based on 56.9%.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-20
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• 2014

Due to habitat damage associated with climate change and human activities, biodiversity has decreased all over the world. In order to prevent further reduction in biodiversity, the international community has endeavored to establish a cooperative system, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Until now, most biodiversity strategic planning has been led by the national government. However, the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan is conservative and its strategic plan is vague. Therefore, we propose a method for managing local biological resources called the Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. In order to provide the strategic plans and detailed plans for the Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, the report has examined several cases including Convention on Biological Diversity, Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, and the biodiversity strategies and action plans of the Republic of Korea and several other countries. As a result, the report demonstrates the survey and protection of bio-species, the designation and monitoring of conservation region, the management of the integrated eco-network, the establishment of biodiversity organizations and capacity building, the methods to promote networking and traditional knowledge, and the strategy for development in bioindustry. Consequently, the implementation of biodiversity management strategies by local governments will play a significant role in preserving and increasing biodiversity by realizing the goals of Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.413-425
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• 2014

In order to shed some light on the historical change of biodiversity concepts, this paper reviews the science and technology studies (STS) literature on the history of biological research on human genetic diversity. By doing that, I show how the notion of genetic diversity in the human population - from "race" to "population" to "biogeographical ancestry" - has changed with methodologies and techniques over the last hundred years. In the meantime, I point out contexts and situations, despite conceptual and methodological developments, that show that current human genetic diversity research is slipping into the past mistakes of scientific racism. This article offers biodiversity researchers an opportunity to consider their own scientific practices on classifying species more reflectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.334-351
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• 1997

To study restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests in warm temperate region, vegetation structure was studied at Wando(Island) as a case study. Quercus acuta was a dominant species at evergreen broad-leaved forests in Wando(Island). Majority of evergreen broad-leaved forests was a thirty years old coppice forest. Reforested vegetation and deciduous broad-leaved forests was developed at a mid-slope districts and a piedmont. Deciduous broad-leaved forestsconsisted of Quercus serrata, Carpinus tschonoskii, Carpinus coreana, etc., was developed at a ridge and higher districts. Evergreen broad-leaved woody plants were growing at a forest floor of deciduous broad-leaved forests. The species over sixty percent of constanty ratio in forty seven plots were Ligustrum japonicum, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Quercus acuta and Eury japonica. The vascular plants in the Wando(Island) was summarized as 488 taxa which composed as 101 families, 321 genus, 426 species, 56 varieties, 5 forms and 1 hyvrid. Evergreen broad-leaved woody stecies was 32 taxa which composed as 23 genus, 30 species and 2 varieties. The species such as Liliope platyphylla of Liliaceae and Pueraria thunbergii of Leguminosae, etc. was recorded as the highest values for their widely distribution in the areas. On the contrary, and forty taxa of plants such as Viburnum erosum of Caprifoliaceae, Traceholospermum asiaticum var. intermedium was recorded as over 50% of constancy ratio. Two hundred and nine taxa of plants such as Juglans manshurica of Juglandaceae, Cornus walteri of Cornaceae and Rodotypos scandens of Rosaceae, etc. was showed the specific trends due to long-term artificial disturbance. The forest of Pinus thunbergii showde the highest species diversities(155 species per 600m$^{2}$), while the Cinnamomum japonicum-Tracheolospermum asiaticum var. intermedium community showed the lowest species diversities(23 species per 600m$^{2}$).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2011

However a mobile application has limited compatibility to other platforms and device. So a mobile application should be rebuilt as particular restrictions of platforms or mobile phones when the mobile application is reused for other platforms. However a mobile application has limited compatibility to other platforms and device. So a mobile application should be rebuilt as particular restrictions of platforms or mobile phones when the mobile application is reused for other platforms. This paper ascertains problems when a mobile application is transplanted for reusing into other platforms, and suggests to evaluation systems of portability's quality that we can check the portability convenience of the existing mobile application. As we confirm its grade that shows convenience of suggested portability, we are able to check problems issued when a mobile application implants to other platforms. Then it is expected that we can check capability of rebuilding and endeavor rate. Also if the method will be considered at the first step of designing a mobile application, it will be the best way to develop the better mobile application that we can easily implant many other mobile platforms.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

The present study is to understand the Bongseonsa stream in the National Arboretum fish fauna variation through comparison with historical data and to evaluate the stream health situated. We performed investigations over three times from April to September 2015. In the survey, 2,960 individuals which belonging to 22 species, 8 families were collected. Dominant species by number was Zacco platypus and subdominant species was Zacco koreanus. Seven Korean endemic species (Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Zacco koreanus, Koreocobitis rotundicausata, etc) were observed and showed a ratio of 36.4%. The community analysis revealed that the structure of fish community in the study sampling sites was instability in having dominance 0.79 (${\pm}0.15$), diverse 1.21 (${\pm}0.60$), evenness 0.58 (${\pm}0.15$) and species richness 1.49 (${\pm}0.83$). The values in the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averagely 122.9 (${\pm}44.8$) in the Bongseonsa stream and this was showed to have favorable habitat surroundings. As a result of tolerance guild analysis, the total number of sensitive species and intermediate species were higher than tolerant species. Analysis was divided into A and B two groups of fiducial 12.25% in Cluster analysis degree of similarity between study sampling sites. Fish Assessment Index (FAI) was rated A and B grade in Bongseonsa stream that stream health showed favorable. However Wangsuk stream as a urban stream rated C grade and analysed the lowest grade in the whole study sampling sites. There was high correlation beteween FAI and various indexes, dominance, diverse, evenness and sensitive species and intermediate species.