• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1997

Background : Impulse Oscillometry is a noninvasive and effort-independent test used to characterize the mechanical impedance of the respiratory system. The clinical potential of the IOS is rapid and demands only passive cooperation which makes it especially appealing for children, for epidemiologic surveys and for conditions in which quiet breathig instead of forced expiratory maneuvers are preferred. However, several studies have shown conflicting results that the role of IOS about detection of smoking induced small airway diseases or early airway obstruction Methods : Study was to evaluate the clinical ability of the IOS to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction in persons with normal spirometry test. Respiratory asymptomatic study groups were formed that one is non-smoking group, another is smoking group. Results : The parameters of spirometry were not significantly differences between non-smoking group and smoking group. Among the parameters of IOS, total resistance(non-smoking group : smoking group=$2.22{\pm}1.20$ : $2.58{\pm}1.71$), peripheral resistance($1.25{\pm}0.62$ : $1.47{\pm}0.10$), bronchial compliance($0.44{\pm}0.12$ : $0.47{\pm}0.16$) were not statistically significant different (p<0.05), but central resistance and lung compliance were not statistically significant different (unit ; resistance=hPa/l/s, compliance=l/hPa). Resistance(Rrs) was not statistically significant different with changes of frequences(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35Hz), but Reactance(Xrs) was statistically significant different with low frequences that X5(non-smoking group : smoking group=$-0.62{\pm}0.28$ : $-0.76{\pm}0.48$, p<0.001) and X10($-0.06{\pm}0.19$ : $-0.15{\pm}0.33$, p<0.013) (unit; hPall/s, $hPa{\cong}cmH_2O$). Conclusion : Impulse oocillometer(IOS) is clinically available method to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction. And clinically potential parameters of IOS were considers that total resistance, peripheral resistance, bronchial resistance, and reactance of low frequency at 5Hz, 10Hz.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.177-198
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• 2018

Recently, as economic property it has become necessary to acquire and utilize the framework for water resource measurement and performance management as the property of water resources changes to hold "public property". To date, the evaluation of water technology has been carried out by feasibility study analysis or technology assessment based on net present value (NPV) or benefit-to-cost (B/C) effect, however it is not yet systemized in terms of valuation models to objectively assess an economic value of technology-based business to receive diffusion and feedback of research outcomes. Therefore, K-water (known as a government-supported public company in Korea) company feels the necessity to establish a technology valuation framework suitable for technical characteristics of water resources fields in charge and verify an exemplified case applied to the technology. The K-water evaluation technology applied to this study, as a public interest goods, can be used as a tool to measure the value and achievement contributed to society and to manage them. Therefore, by calculating the value in which the subject technology contributed to the entire society as a public resource, we make use of it as a basis information for the advertising medium of performance on the influence effect of the benefits or the necessity of cost input, and then secure the legitimacy for large-scale R&D cost input in terms of the characteristics of public technology. Hence, K-water company, one of the public corporation in Korea which deals with public goods of 'water resources', will be able to establish a commercialization strategy for business operation and prepare for a basis for the performance calculation of input R&D cost. In this study, K-water has developed a web-based technology valuation model for public interest type water resources based on the technology evaluation system that is suitable for the characteristics of a technology in water resources fields. In particular, by utilizing the evaluation methodology of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan to match the expense items to the expense accounts based on the related benefit items, we proposed the so-called 'K-water's proprietary model' which involves the 'cost-benefit' approach and the FCF (Free Cash Flow), and ultimately led to build a pipeline on the K-water research performance management system and then verify the practical case of a technology related to "desalination". We analyze the embedded design logic and evaluation process of web-based valuation system that reflects characteristics of water resources technology, reference information and database(D/B)-associated logic for each model to calculate public interest-based and profit-based technology values in technology integrated management system. We review the hybrid evaluation module that reflects the quantitative index of the qualitative evaluation indices reflecting the unique characteristics of water resources and the visualized user-interface (UI) of the actual web-based evaluation, which both are appended for calculating the business value based on financial data to the existing web-based technology valuation systems in other fields. K-water's technology valuation model is evaluated by distinguishing between public-interest type and profitable-type water technology. First, evaluation modules in profit-type technology valuation model are designed based on 'profitability of technology'. For example, the technology inventory K-water holds has a number of profit-oriented technologies such as water treatment membranes. On the other hand, the public interest-type technology valuation is designed to evaluate the public-interest oriented technology such as the dam, which reflects the characteristics of public benefits and costs. In order to examine the appropriateness of the cost-benefit based public utility valuation model (i.e. K-water specific technology valuation model) presented in this study, we applied to practical cases from calculation of benefit-to-cost analysis on water resource technology with 20 years of lifetime. In future we will additionally conduct verifying the K-water public utility-based valuation model by each business model which reflects various business environmental characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-94
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• 2011

This paper is concerned about applying the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for a priority analysis of equipment operation plan to improve productivity of the container terminal in Gwangyang port. In this study, main elements of container terminal are assumed as into yard equipment area, transport equipment area, berth equipment area and C/Center area. A questionnaire is used to collect the opinions of equipment operating department and operational planning department. On the whole, the result of the analyses reveals that the most important area is yard equipment area. Examining each department is responses, equipment operating department preferred the C/Center area to other areas, on the other hand, operational planning department preferred yard equipment area. The result of this study suggests some guidelines for deciding priority of operation plan in the container terminal.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.461-469
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• 2013

Even though a sewer rehabilitation BTL project has been executed throughout the nation with the input of a significant amount of budget, the overall review on effectiveness of the project is insufficient. And disputes over effectiveness of the project and of the employment of I/I indexes for evaluation of the project are continued due to reliable issues of flux data which has been measured after completion of certain projects and excessive amounts of I/I. Thus, this study has reviewed effectiveness of the project, current status and problems of the installation of fixed flow meters as well as countermeasures based on 15 projects subject to the operation performance evaluation after the completion of the project. The review on operation of the project has revealed that sewer rehabilitation BTL projects are significantly effective and highly effective on reducing a rate of infiltration water. The review on the employment of proper countermeasures for main issues revealed during the investigation on the installation and operation of fixed flow meters has shown that such countermeasures could result in securing more reliable flux data.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2010

In Republic of Korea, there are many Quality Assurance protocol for general radiation treatment machine such as linac. However, Quality Assurance protocol for radiosurgery treatment system is not ready perfectly. One of the radiation treatment machine for radiosurgery, novalis system needs to suitable Quality Assurance protocol for using it right way during radiation treatment and maintaining suitable accuracy for daily, weekly, monthly and annually periods. Therefore, in this article, we develop Quality Assurance protocol for novalis system. We collected and analysed domestic and foreign novalis Quality Assurance protocol. After that, we selected essential QA items and each tolerance range for developing proper QA protocol, and we made anatomical phantom for execution of selected QA items and evaluation of overall state of QA, and then, we use this measured value as a reference. Quality Assurance items are consisted of Mechanical accuracy QA part and Radiation delivery QA part. Mechanical accuracy QA part is comprised of radiation generation machine part, assistive devices part and multi-leaf collimator part. Radiation delivery QA part is divided into radiation isocenter accuracy and dosimetric evaluation. After that, developed novalis QA tables are made by using these QA items. These novalis QA tables would be used to good standard in order to maintain apt accuracy for radiosurgery in daily, weekly, monthly and annually periods.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

We evaluated the possible clinical application of Non HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a metabolic syndrome predictor for the elderly in Korea. 1,543 elderly persons aged 65 years or older who visited the health examination center of Gyeonggi Regional General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 and had a health checkup were enrolled in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) standards. Abdominal obesity was assessed by the Asia-Pacific standards presented at the World Health Organization (WHO) West Pacific Region. Non-HDL-cholesterol was calculated as the difference between total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The metabolic syndrome predictive power was higher for triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio than for Non HDL-cholesterol. After correcting for related factors, triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio was higher in the $4^{th}$ quartile, which had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, than in the $1^{st}$ quartile. The optimal cutoff value for the triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio that predicts the onset of metabolic syndrome was 2.8. triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio can be a simple and practical indicator of the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.485-503
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• 2015

This study aims at evaluating geomorphological classification systems to predict the occurrence of landslides in mountainous region in Korea. Geomorphological classification systems used in this study are Catena, TPI, and Geomorphons. Study sites are Gapyeong-gun, Hoengseong-gun, Gimcheon-si, Yeoju-si/Yicheon-si in which landslide occurrence data were collected by local governments from 2001-2014. Catena method has objective classification standard to compare among regions objectively and understand the result intuitively. However, its procedure is complicated and hard to be automated for the general public to use it. Both TPI and Geomorphons have simple procedure and GIS-extension, therefore it has high accessibility. However, the results of both systems are highly dependent on the scale, and have low relevance to geomorphological formation process because focusing on shape of terrain. Three systems have low compatibility, therefore unified concept are required for broad use of landform classification. To assess the effectiveness of prediction on landslide by each geomorphological classification system, 50% of geomorphological classes with higher landslide occurrence are selected and the total landslide occurrence in selected classes are calculated and defined as 'predictive ability'. The ratio of terrain categorized by 'predictive ability' to whole region is defined as 'vulnerable area ratio'. An indicator to compare three systems which is predictive ability divided by vulnerable area ratio was developed to make a comprehensive judgment. As a result, Catena ranked the highest in suitability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1614-1618
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• 2007

분포형 수문모형은 유역을 격자단위로 세분화하여 매개변수를 부여하고, 증발산, 침투, 지표면유출, 중간유출, 지하수유출, 하도흐름 등 여러 가지 수문요소를 해석하는 종합적인 수문모형이다. 지표면에 내린 강우의 증발 및 침투, 유출은 토양수분의 함량에 크게 의존하게 된다. 따라서 토양수분에 대한 적절한 모의가 분포형 수문모형의 정확도를 좌우하는 핵심이라 할 수 있다. 토양수분은 식물의 생장 및 가용수자원 산정 등에 있어서 중요한 요소로서 토양층 상부의 수 미터 내에 존재하는 수분의 양을 일컫는다. 토양수분의 공간적 시간적 특성들은 증발, 침투, 지하수 재충전, 토양침식, 식생분포 등을 지배하는 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 강우로 인한 지면과 지표하에서의 순간적인 포화공간의 형성 및 유출의 생성을 포함하는 과정과 증발산 등은 모두 비포화대(vadose zone) 혹은 토양층에서의 토양수분의 함량에 크게 의존하게 된다(이가영 등, 2005) 본 연구에서는 토양수분에 대한 정밀측정 자료가 있는 설마천 유역 범륜사 사면에 대하여 분포형 수문모형의 토양수분 해석 능력을 평가하고자 하였다. 토양수분 모의에 사용된 격자기반의 분포형 수문모형은 미공병단에서 개발한 GSSHA(USACE, 2006) 모형이다. 모형의 입력자료는 정밀토양도와 현장측정에 의한 토양매개변수를 반영하여 구축하였고, 강우 및 기상자료는 2003년 1월 1일 ${\sim}$ 2004년 12월 31일의 1시간 자료를 이용하였다. 모의기간 중 2003년은 초기 토양수분값 등 초기조건의 영향을 줄이기 위한 웜업 (Warm-up)기간으로 설정하였고, 2004년의 모의결과를 토양수분 관측값과 비교하였다.업지역, 상업지역 등과 같이 지형적 특성에 따른 유량측정망을 구축하는 것이다.의 의사결정 지원 도구가 될 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 도시유역의 물순환 해석을 위한 일련의 과정, 즉 자료의 조사 및 취득에서부터 물순환 해석 모형을 이용한 정량적 현황파악, 물순환 개선 기법 및 평가를 수행함에 있어 주요 착안점 및 실무에서의 기술적 가이드를 제공하고자 하였으며, 보다 세밀한 도시유역의 물순환 해석을 위하여 우리나라와 일본에서 적용이 활발한 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형(WEP, SHER, SWMM)의 적용사례를 통하여 국내 도시하천의 물순환 해석에 활용함에 있어서의 실질적인 적용절차 등을 제시하고자 하였다. 한다.호강유역의 급격한 수질개선을 알 수 있다.世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기 중엽 경제적 태평과 함께 백자의 수요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2009

This study analyzed the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of dorsal and fin muscles collected from olive flounder cultured using a formula feed(extruded pellets, EP) and compared them to those of fish cultured with a raw fish moist pellet(MP) feed as a control. The olive flounder in this study were cultured for 10 months with either the formulated extruded pellets(FEP), commercial extruded pellets(CEP), or the MP feed, and their average weight was 1.15 kg. The proximate compositions of the dorsal muscle were not different among the groups, whereas in the fin muscles of the fish fed with the MP diet, moisture content was higher and crude lipid content was lower. The major fatty acids in the dorsal and fin muscles of the fish fed with the MP, CEP, and FEP diets were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Finally, no significant differences were observed among the diet groups in the results for amino acid content or the sensory and textural properties of the muscle.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2010

A 90-d trial was conducted to determine the influence of additives such as pegmatite (Peg), precious stone (PS), grape pomace extracts (GPEx) and complexes of these additives (Peg + GPEx and PS + GPEx) via evaluation of meat quality including sensory properties in 90 d old finishing pigs. There were no significant differences in the approximate composition and physiochemical characteristics, including meat color, among the treated groups. However, the Peg treated group was found to have a higher water holding capacity than the other groups. The shear-force was evaluated as an indicator of hardness and found to be lower in the Peg and GPEx treated groups, and this tendency was greater when the complex of Peg and GPEx was supplied. No significant differences were observed among groups following analysis of the free amino acid composition and fatty acid (FA) composition. Sensory evaluation of the boiled loins showed significantly (p<0.05) better results from pigs fed diets containing Peg and GPEx complex. These results suggest that Peg may improve the water holding capacity and tenderness. In addition, supplementation with a complex of Peg and GPEx may improve tenderness.