• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.172-186
• /
• 2022

Benthic macroinvertebrates are important ecological and environmental indicators as primary or secondary consumers, and therefore are widely used in the evaluation of aquatic environments. However, there are no comprehensive river ecosystem monitoring surveys that link the major physicochemical water quality items with benthic macroinvertebrates in urban streams. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical water quality items (17 items) in Yangjaecheon and Yeouicheon from 2019 to 2020. At the same time, by applying Spearman's rank correlation analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis in the water quality data and biotic index, we tried to provide basic data for diagnosing the current status of river ecosystems in major urban rivers in Seoul. Based on the study results, a total of 39 species and 3,787 individuals were identified in Yangjaecheon, the water quality(based on BOD, TOC, and TP) of Yangjaecheon was higher than Grade Ib(good), and the BMI using benthic macroinvertebrates appeared as Grade C(normal) at all the sites. In Yeouicheon, a total of 51 species and 4,199 individuals were identified, the water quality(based on BOD, TOC, TP) was higher than Grade Ib(good) similar to Yangjaecheon, and the BMI of both Upstream and Saewon bridge was Grade B(good), while Yeoui bridge was Grade C(normal). Overall, analysis results for the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates by a nonmetric multidimensional scaling method showed no significant difference between the two streams (p=0.1491). Also, significant environmental variables related to benthic macroinvertebrates distribution were determined as water temperature and DO. On the other hand, the results of the correlation analysis between biotic index and major water quality items confirmed that R1 and BMI could be used for on-site urban river water quality evaluation.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2024

Artemisia fukudo Makino belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a halophyte that can grow in salinity soils and is known for its various physiological activities. However, few studies were comparing it according to the growth environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, functional ingredients, and safety of Artemisia fukudo Makino according to the growth environment. Total polyphenol content was the highest in native mature leaves, but 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. The total mineral content, excluding sodium, was higher in cultivated than in native leaves. The content of potassium and calcium was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. In addition, heavy metal analysis showed that cultivated leaves were generally lower than those of native leaves. Residual pesticides were not detected in all samples. In conclusion, since there is no significant difference in cultivated leaves compared to native leaves, it was judged that cultivated leaves could be used as a variety to be grown and mass-produced.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

Recently, duck meat consumption has been rapidly increased because consumers recognized duck meat for healthy food. In relation to this, Korean duck industry need to develop Korean native duck (KND) breed for both conservation perspective and self-sufficient of the breeding stocks. In this study, 24 microsatellite (MS) markers were investigated for classification of KND and commercial duck (CD) breeds in the Korean market. Using these MS markers, the calculated number of alleles (K), expected heterozygosity (He) values and polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 1~16, 0~0.865 and 0~0.841, respectively. Also, the expected probability of identical values in random individuals (PI), random sib ($PI_{sib}$) and random half-sib ($PI_{half-sib}$) were estimated as $1.64{\times}10^{-16}$, $2.60{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.30{\times}10^{-12}$, respectively. The results indicated that the expected probabilities of identity powers were enough for the individual identification. However, KND and CD breeds were not fully discriminated well using the 24 MS markers, which may CD and KND has shared same origin or crossbred. Therefore, further studies will be ultimately needed for developing a genetically pure line of KND breed even though the DNA markers used. Finally, these results will provide useful information for individual traceability system in ducks.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.1048-1055
• /
• 2018

In the current study, comparisons of Oenothera Biennis seed extracts with water, ethanol, methanol, and 70% ethanol in their total polyphenolics contents, anti-oxidant, anti-neurotoxicity, anti-cancer, and immune-modulatory activities were investigated. Compared with other extracts, those concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were the highest in MeOH extract (31.90 mg GAE/g and 20.66 mg QE/g). The radical scavenging and reducing power activities were dose-dependently increased by treatment of O. Biennis seed water, EtOH, MeOH, and 70% EtOH extracts. Furthermore, pretreatment of water, EtOH, and MeOH extracts significantly reduced glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 hipocampal neuron cells. In the case of cancer cells, MeOH extracts showed lower $IC_{50}$ values in HepG2 ($74.21{\mu}g/ml$), A549 ($188.24{\mu}g/ml$), MCF-7 ($186.42{\mu}g/ml$), and B16 ($101.80{\mu}g/ml$) than other extracts, where those water ($101.96{\mu}g/ml$) and EtOH ($788.39{\mu}g/ml$) extracts showed the lowest $IC_{50}$ activity in HT-29 and PC-3 cells, respectively. O. Biennis seed extracts did not show any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages at the concentration of $1-10{\mu}g/ml$, whereas 70% EtOH extract dose-dependently enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, we evaluated that various bioactive potentials of O. Biennis seed extracts which would relate with phenolic compounds abundance, thus these can be useful to future developments as functional food ingredients and natural medicines.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.854-861
• /
• 1997

CYPRA 21-1 is known to be a cytokeratin 19 fragment, and it can be detected by using two specific monoclonal antibodies (KS 19-1 and BM 19-21) and can be clinically applied as a useful circulating tumor marker The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) expression was evaluated and characterized by its tyrosine protein kinase activity and by its ligand-stimulated autophosphorylation, a property shared with other peptide growth factor receptors. Autocrine or para'urine action was initiated by a growth factor, or by a transforming growth factor o, which had an extensive homology with EGP and which also stimulated tyrosine kinase activity on the EGF-R. The CYFRA 21-1 and the EGF-R levels in 30 patients with primary lung tumors were investigated. There were 24 patients with squamous cell carcinomas and 6 patients with adenocarcinomas. Specimen 5 mm3 in size were sampled at three different locations ; the main lesion, the boundary between the lesion and the unaffected tissue, and the unaffected tissue of the patients. The results were as follows 1. The CYPRA 21-1 concentration in the cancer boundary, the most malignant region,(348.6 : 89.9 ng/ml) was the lowest value. The CYFRA 21-1 concentration in unaffected tissue,(718.4$\pm$77.8 ng/ml) was higher than that in the main lesion. which had intact cellularity. 2. The EGF-R concentration in the main lesion was higher than that in the unaffected tissue, and the EGF-R concentration in a squamous cell cacinoma was higher than that in an adenocarcinoma. also, the EGF-R concentration in the cancer b undary was highest at stage 1, ll. The EGF-R concentration was higher in the main cancer lesion that in the unaffected tissue at stage 111, IV. 3. The CYFRA 21-1 was a cytoplasmic skeleton and the EGF-R was a cell-wall component; there was no correlation. In conclusion, CYFRA 21-1 was abundant in the cytoplasm but had a higher concentration in the unaffected tissue than in the main cancer lesion. The CYFRA 21-1 concentration of the tissue did not reflect the amount of cancer activity, the EGP-R was located in the cell membrane, the level of tissue that reflects cancer activity, so the main cancer lesion had a higher concentration than the unaffected tissue. CYFRA 21-1 is not a useful tumor maker at the tissue level. Because the EGF-R concentration re(looted the cancer activity, its a useful tumor marker for lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.1 s.115
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 2006

This study evaluated the effects of water velocity, substrates, and phosphorus concentrations on the growth of filamentous periphytic algae (FPA) in the two types of artificial channel systems using treated wastewater. Controlled parameters included 5 ${\sim}$ 15 cm $s^{-1}$ for the water velocity; 10 and 20 mm wire meshes, natural fiber net, gravel and tile for the substrates: and 0.05 ${\sim}$ 1.0 mgP $L^{-1}$ for the P concentration. Algal growth rate of FPA was compared using both chi. a and dry weight change with time. Under the controlled water velocity range, the growth of FPA increased with the velocity, but the maximum growth rate was shown in the velocity of 10 cm $s^{-1}$. The substrate that showed the maximum growth of FPA differed between the artificial channel and indoor channel, due to the influence of suspended matters which caused the clogging of the meshed substrates. Under the controled range of P concentration, the growth rates of all three FPA species (Spirogyra turfosa, Oedogonium fovelatum, Rhizoclonium riparium) increased with the P increase, but they showed the differential growth rates among different P concentrations. The results of this study suggest that under the circumstance having an large amount of nutrients FPA develop the biomass rapidly and that even a little increase over the threshold velocity causes the detachment of filamentous periphytic algae. Thus, FPA dynamics in eutrophic streams, such as those receiving treated wastewater, seem to be sensitive to the water velocity. On the other hand, detached algal filaments could deteriorate water quality and ecosystem function in receiving streams or down-stream, and thus they need to be recognized as an important factor in water quality management in eutrophic streams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.194-205
• /
• 1999

Hydrogeochemical variation and environmental isotope at the some abandoned metal mine (Sanggok, Keumsil, Jangpung and Samdeok) creeks of the Hwanggangri mining district were carried out based upon the physicochemical properties for surface water collected of February in 1998. Hydrogeochemical composition of the all water samples are characterized by the relatively significant enrichment of Ca$^{2}$, alkaline ions, N $O_3$$^{－}$ and Cl$^{－}$ in normal surface water, whereas the surface waters near the mining area are relatively enriched in Ca$^{2+$, Mg$^{2＋}$, heavy metals. HC $O_3$$^{－}$ and S $O_4$$^{2－}$. Surface waters of the mining creek have low pH, high EC and extremely high concentrations of TDS compared with surface water of the non-mining creeks. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta$$^{18}$O values (SMOW) in the waters are shown in －65.0 to－71.2$\textperthousand$ and －9.1 to－10.2$\textperthousand$. The d($\delta$D－$\delta$$^{18}$O) value with those of water samples ranged from 7.3 to 10.9. These $\delta$D and $\delta$$^{18/}$ of the acid mine water are more heavy values than those of surface water. The values have revealed the positive correlation between isotopic compositions and major elements, because those $\delta$D and $\delta$$^{18}$O values increase with increasing TDS. HC $O_3$$^{－}$ , S $O_4$$^{2－}$ and Ca$^{2＋}$ concentration. Using WATEQ4F, saturation index of albite calcite, dolomite and mostly clay minerals in water of the mining area show undersaturated and progressively evolved toward the equilibrium condition due to fresh water mixing, however, surface waters of the non-mining area are nearly saturated and/or supersaturated. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals within water in the mining creek may exist largely in the from of metal-sulfate (MS $O_4$$^{2－}$), free metal (M$^{2＋}$/), C $O_3$$^{－}$ and/or OH$^{－}$ complex ions. Based on the geology, water chemistry and environmental istopic data the water compositions from the Sanggok and Keumsil mine creek (consist mainly of Cambro-Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Cho-seon Supergroup) show higher PH, Ca$^{2＋}$, Mg$^{2＋}$ , HC $O_3$$^{－}$ and more heavy $\delta$D and $\delta$$^{18}$O values than those from the Jangpung and Samdeok mine creek (consist of age -unknown metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon Supergroup and/or Jurassic grani-toids), but each of these waters represents a similar hydrogeochemical evolution path by the mine water mixing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.8 s.265
• /
• pp.573-578
• /
• 2006

Background: Generally hernia is diagnosed with simple chest or gastrointestinal x-ray. Sometimes CT or MRI can give lots of information for the diagnosis. However, there was no study for the differentiation with using CT findings between Morgagni hernia and pleuropericardial fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the useful CT findings for differentiating Morgagni hernia from pleuropericardial fat. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed CT scans of eight patients with Morgagni hernia and 20 patients with abundant pleuropericardial fat without peridiaphragmatic lesions. All CT scans were performed with coverage of the whole diaphragm in the inspiration state. We evaluated 1) the presence of the defect of the anterior diaphragm, 2) the interface between the lung and fat, 3) the angle between the chest wall and fat, 4) the continuity between the extrapleural fat and fat, 5) the presence of the vessels within fat, and 6) the presence of a thin line surrounding fat. Result: In all cases with Morgagni hernia, the defect of the anterior diaphragm was seen. The interface was well-defined, smooth, and convex to the lung. The angle with the chest wall was acute. The continuity with the extrapleural fat was not seen. In the cases with abundant pleuropericardial fat, the defect of the anterior diaphragm was seen in three (15%). The interface was usually irregular (n=10) and flat (n=17). The angle with the chest wall was variable. The continuity with the extrapleural fat, that was markedly increased in amount, was usually seen (n=16). The thin line surrounding fat was seen in four cases with Morgagni hernia, however, not seen in all cases with pleuropericardial fat. All of the above findings were statistically significant, however, vessels within fat was not significant to differentiate Morgagni hernia (n=8/8) from pleuropericardial fat (n=14/20). Conclusion: The useful CT findings of Morgagni hernia were fatty mass with sharp margin, convexity toward lung, acute angle with chest wall, and thin line surrounding hernia. Branching structure within fatty mass representing omental vessels that has been known as a characteristic finding of Morgagni hernia was not useful for differentiating Morgagni hernia from pleuropericardial fat.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2018

In planktonic ecosystems, the microplastics are considered as a potential food source for the zooplankton. To study a relationship between the zooplankton and the neustonic microplastics, a research experiment was carried out during May in the surface layers of the Yeosu coastal areas including Yeoja Bay, Gamak Bay, Yeosuhae Bay, and Botdol Sea. A neustonic zooplankton net (mesh size $300{\mu}m$; mouth area $30cm{\times}18cm$) was towed from the side of the ship in the event that it would not be affected by waves crashing by the ship at a speed of ca. 2.5 knots. All of the microplastic particles were separated from the zooplankton. The zooplankton and microplastics were appearing in a range of 61 to $763indiv.m^{-3}$ and 0.0047 to $0.3471particle\;m^{-2}$, respectively. It was noted that the Acartia omorii, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Labidocera euchaeta, A. hongi, decapod larvae, and cirriped larvae were predominantly seen in the experiment. For verifying relationships between zooplankton and environmental factors in addition to microplastics, a model redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed. The zooplankton were divided into two groups on the basis of feeding types (i.e. particle feeders, and carnivores), and the associated zooplankton larvae were also separately considered. A review of the additional environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentration, diatom density, and dinoflagellate density were also contained in the analysis. The results showed that a noted zooplankton abundance had no close relation with the occurring number of microplastic particles, but rather was significantly related with other noted environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentration. This fact implies that most zooplankton can feed themselves as a unit, by selecting the most likely available nutritious foods, rather than microplastics under the circumstance of food-richness areas, such what food resources are available as in the location of coastal waters.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2001

Water environment and freshwater algae were studied in the upstream of the Tamjin River Dam. Among the environmental factors, DO concentration in the Tamjin River ranged from 9.0 mg $O_2/l$ to 9.2 mg $O_2/l$, pH from 7.0 to 7.1 and conductivity from $98{\mu}S/cm$ to $100{\mu}S/cm$. Average concentration of $NH_4$ and $NO_3$ ranged from $40{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $56{\mu}g\;N/l$ and from $489{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $611{\mu}g\;N/l$, respectively. $NO_3$ was more plentiful above 9~15 fold than that of $NH_4$. Average concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble reactive silicon were $2{\mu}g\;P/l$ and 1.6 mg Si/l, respectively. Particulaly, Si nutrient increased by heavy rain events during summer season. The ratios of N/P and Si/P ranged from 248 to 261 and from 640 to 740, respectively. It is assumed that P would be limiting nutrient on the freshwater algal growth. Average content of planktonic chlorophyll-a ranged from $5{\mu}g/l$ to $13{\mu}g/l$. Mean contents of chlorophyll-a, phaeo-pigment and ash-free dry matter of periphyton were $50.3mg/m^2$, $11.9mg/m^2$, $11.5g/m^2$ in the main stream and $30.1mg/m^2$, $5.6mg/m^2$, $7.8g/m^2$ in the tributary. By comparison of the epilithon biomass, the main stream was higher with 1.5~2.1 fold than the tributary. The impotant algae were composed of diatom Achnanthes linearis, A. minutissima, Fragilaria crotonensis, Gomphonema gracile, Tabellaria flocculosa and blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa. In the relative abundance of the phytoplankton and epilithon, the serial dominance were diatom > green algae > blue-green algae, and diatoms were very abundant in comparison with other algal phylum.