• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.162-165
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• 2006

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.406-410
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• 2005

This study was conducted to establish the efficient protocols of the germination and cryopreservation of dehisced Korean ginseng seeds for long-term germ­plasm conservation. $GA_3$ and BA treated on seed for 24 hr facilitated germination at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$. Germination percentage of desiccated seeds was decreased under moisture content (MC) of below $7.2\%$. Dehisced ginseng seeds were dried under airflow of laminar floor cabinet and seed drying room. The high levels (more than $90\%$) of germination after cryogenic exposure were obtained after drying under vertical airflow of laminar floor for 12-30 hours (MC $10.6{\~}7.2\%$). Decrease in germination percentage of ginseng seeds due to desiccation damage and freezing injury was observed at MC of below $7.2\%$ and of above $12.1\%$, respectively. Therefore, MC of ginseng seeds need to be controlled with a range of $8{\~}10\%$ to avoid damages from both desiccation and freezing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

This research was performed to develop seminal propagation method of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. by conducting a rigorous germination study. Well-selected seeds were dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ during the experiment. To study dormancy type, non-stored seeds were analyzed by embryo observation, germination test and detecting for any difficulties in seed coat to absorb moisture. Then to improve germination, seeds were submerged for 24 hours in a solution of varying concentrations containing one of plant growth regulators and minerals. According to research, fleshly matured seeds had an undifferentiated embryo and had a low germination rate below 5%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption, embryo in the seeds grew and germinated so it was deemed morphophysiological dormant seeds. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) was greatly improved by soaking in plant growth regulators and minerals for 24 hours. Especially, 500 ㎎/L GA₃ treatment resulted in the highest GE as 46.1%. KNO₃ meaningfully improved PG (54.3∼57.7%) at 10∼20 mM but effect of minerals on germination acceleration as GE were negatively impacted in all concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-378
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• 1994

The germination responses of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. seeds to temperature were examined under the various thermal conditions. While almost all the seeds tested did not germinate immediately after collection, almost of the seeds which were stored for 7, 10, and 17 months showed very high germination percentages (85-95%) at their own constant temperatures between $16^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$. The total thermal time which was required for germination(10-70%) of Echinochloa crus-galli seeds ranged from 539Kh(degree Kelvin X hour) to 1,279Kh in accordance with the distribution function of thermal time, $F({\Theta})=1-[3D^{-3}({\Theta}-m+D)+1]^{-1/2}$, where m is 935Kh and D is 555Kh. Moist chilling treatment at $2^{\circ}C$ for 20 days increased the final germination percentage as well as the germination rate. In the increasing temperature(IT1 regime, E. crus-galli seeds started to germinate at $12^{\circ}C$. and showed greater germination rate with increasing temperatures, with the final germination percentage of 80%. On the other hand, in the decreasing temperature(DT1 regime, the seeds began to germinate at $12^{\circ}C$(10% germination) with the final germination percentage of 20%. An induced dormancy occurred at $4^{\circ}C$ in the DT regime.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum) seedlings raised through its seeds can replace the rhizomes impelling higher cost for transplanting, This experiment was done to determine the seed characteristics and the germinating processes to give some information on bulk production of seedlings using the seeds. The external or internal morphology of seeds or seedlings grown in lab. or greenhouse was examined mainly with stereomicroscope. The external shape of Solomon's seal seed was hard seed-coat and orthotropous ovule with linear type embryo stretching to the center of seed. Germination proceeded through the several steps. The lower part of seed embryo having the primordia of bulbil and roots first grew before the bulbil and roots was developed from the primordia. The lower part of embryo was enlarged toward the endosperm of seed as soon as seed germinated. Then epicotyl was formed on the apex of bulbil. The epicotyl was elongated after at least 6-week chilling treatment for breaking its dormancy and the first leaf shape was affected by light intensity given during seedling emergence. The bulbil was the first organ of the rhizome used as tea or herb medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.312-316
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• 2005

본 연구는 크림에 가교화 ${\beta}-CD$ 처리로 콜레스테롤을 제거 시킨 후 phytosterol 과 EPO 8%를 첨가하여 제조한 버터의 저장 기간 중의 이화학적 특성, 물성, 관능적 특성과 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하 기능을 관찰하기 위하여 수행되었다. 가교화 ${\beta}-CD$를 이용하여 평균90%의 콜레스테롤을 제거한 후 phytosterol 과 EPO 8%을 첨가한 버터의 저장기간이 경과할수록 지방산화도는 증가하였으나, 색도, 물성의 조직 부분이나 관능평가 시 texture, color 부분에서는 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 이미 이취를 발생시켜서 바람직하지 않은 결과를 보였으나, 동물 실험 결과 phytosterol 과 EPO 8%를 첨가한 버터 섭취 후 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하 기능이 있는 HDL-콜레스테롤이 증가하고, 반면에 혈중 콜레스테롤을 증가시키는 기능이 있는 LDL-콜레스테롤과 중성 지방이 감소를 관찰할 수 있었으므로 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하 기능을 가진 버터의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1996

To investigate the antimicrobial activities and effect of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) on the physiological function of microorganism, antimicrobial activity, fatty acids of bacterial cell lipid and amino acids of bacterial cell protein were measured. The change of cell morphotype was observed by transmission electron microscope. GFSE was very stable on the wide range temperture and pH. The growth rate of E. coli and B. suvtilis were decreased above 40ppm GFSE There fore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the E. coli and B. subtilis to GFSE were determined around 40ppm. In the change of fatty acids quantities, hexadecanoate was significantly decreased on the treatment compared with control in case of E. coli, whereas tridecanoate was not detected in case of B. subtilis. In the change of amino acids quantities, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine were decreased on the treatment compared with control in case of E. coli and B. subtilis Transmission electron microsgraphs(TEM) showed the microbial cells were destroyed by GFSE.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.78-80
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• 2001

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of $GA_3(100mg{\cdot}L^{-1})$, moist-chilling ($3^{\circ}C$) storage (MCS) and removal of funiculus on the germination of Dicentra spectabilis. Seeds which were not treated by $GA_3$ did not germinate in spite of MCS for 90 days. However, $GA_3$ treatment accelerated the seed germination regardless of the duration of MCS. In the case of the funiculus removal, the promoting effect of $GA_3$ showed a tendency to decrease. The germination rate and days to germination were accelerated and shortened respectively with increasing the days of MCS after $GA_3$ treatment. As results, $GA_3$ was effective on the seed germination of Dicentra spectabilis and MCS was synergistic on the effect of $GA_3$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 1996

For improvement germination rate of Cirsium setidens, wet seeds were storaged for 20 to 80 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and germinated at $18^{\circ}C$ in the dark or light condition. To assess the effects of shading and plant age on the growth, fresh yield and seed yield under rain shelter in highland at altitude of 800m above sea level, seeds were sown in an open field in late september,1990. In early May the next the seedlings were transplanted for vegetatable and seed production in the plastic houses for rain shelter. They were grown from 1991 to 1993 in the houses covered with the shading nets ranging from 0 to 70% for vegetable production and 0 to 50% for seed production. Germination rate inceased as the storage period lengthened, and the rate came to $60\sim80%$ at 60days after germination. It was more effective in lighting than in darkness. For vegetable production, the shading net treatments showed more values in almost the characters checked at the third year than the non-shading treatment. No. of stem, no, of leaves, stem length and degree of softening were no different between shading net treatments, but the other characters were significantly different. Ratio of survival, density of chlorophyll and ratio of dry matter of plants were highest in the plots of 50%, 70%, and 30% of shading, respectively. The highest fresh yield was recorded from 2-year plants, 70% of shading from them showed the greatest yield. The highest seed yields were produced 2-year-old plants of non-shading plot. For seed production, the non-shading treatment is best, and the highest seed yields were obtained in both the second and third years.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.146-158
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• 2014

Camelina sativa that belongs to Brassicaceae family is an emerging oilseed crop. Camelina seeds contain approximately 40% storage oils per seed dry weight, which are useful for human and animal diets and industrial applications. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The polymorphisms of FAD2 genes are correlated with the levels of oleic acids in seed oils. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The polymorphisms of FAD2 genes are correlated with the levels of oleic acids in seed oils. In this study, three CsFAD2 genes (CsFAD2-1, CsFAD2-2 and CsFAD2-3.1) were isolated from developing seeds of Camelina sativa (L.) cv. CAME. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three CsFAD2 genes were compared with those from dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants including Camelina cultivars Sunesone and SRS933. Three histidine motifs (HECGH, HRRHH, and HVAHH) required for FAD activity and a hydrophobic valine or isoleucine residue, which is a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) marker related with enzyme activity are well conserved in three CsFAD2s. The expressions of CsFAD2-1 and CsFAD2-3.1 were ubiquitously detected in various Camelina organs, whereas the CsFAD2-2 transcripts were predominantly detected in flowers and developing seeds. The contents of oleic acids decreased, whereas the amounts of linoleic acid increased in dry seeds of transgenic fad2-2 lines expressing each CsFAD2 gene compared with fad2-2 mutant, indicating that three CsFAD2 genes are functionally active. The isolated CsFAD2 genes might be applicable in metabolic engineering of storage oils with high oleic acids in oilseed crops.