• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of three-year-old cactus of potted Mammillaria goldii. M. theresae, and M. pseudopeclinata. Plant height and width of them was 2.5~2.8 cm, and 2.8~3.1 cm, and seed formation of Mammillaria goldii and M. theresae had internal body taking130 to 135 days to ripening seeds, however, M. pseudopectinata had externals taking just 26 days to ripening seeds. The mean seeded pod from April to June of M. goldii was 50.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 25.3. In M. theresae, the mean seeded pod from April to June was 57.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 35.0. However, the highest rate of seeded pod on May of M. pseudopectinata was 75.0% and the number of seed in a pod was 66.0. The sib crossing was much more ripening seed fertilization than that of self cross ing in the Mammillaria. The self crossing was formed from 12.0% to 20.0% of seeded pod, from 12.0 to 16.0 number of seed in a pod. However, sib crossing obtained 58.0% of seeded pod, 30 seeds in a pod of M. goldii, 65.0% seeded pods and 40 seeds in a pod of M. theresae, and 75.0% seeded pod, 68 seeds in a pod of M. pseudopectinala as the highest of them.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2003

This work was undertaken to study the effect of stigmatic and cut-style pollination on self seed set in Lilium longiflorum and L. ${\times}$ formolongi, and their crosses as the female parent with other cultivars/genotypes. Stigmatic pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina resulted in cent per cent fruit set with mean number of seeds/fruit of 189 and 70, respectively. However, cut-style pollination resulted in 87％ and 40％ fruit set in Gelria and Lorina, respectively. The corresponding mean number of seeds/fruit was 53 and 20. In L. ${\times}$ formolongi, stigmatic pollination set 80％ fruits with 736 seeds/fruit. On the other hand, cut-style pollination resulted in 47％ fruit set with 81 seeds/fruit. The intraspecific stigmatic pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina with other cultivars formed 60％ fruits with a mean number of 18 seeds/fruit. However, only 20％ fruit set with mean number of seeds/fruit of 7 was recorded when cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cultivar were pollinated with other cultivars/genotypes. In the intraspecific pollination of L. ${\times}$ formolongi cv. Raizan with Novia, fruit set resulting from stigmatic and cut-style pollination was 75％ and 50％, respectively with the corresponding mean number of seeds/fruit of 579 and 98. It was concluded that self as well as intraspecific seed set in the two species of Lilium gets considerably reduced as a result of cut-style pollination.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.358-361
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• 2001

Factors affecting fruit conformation of 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were investigated through correlation study of fruit weight, seed numbers, and seed weight in relation to fruit conformation indices. Apples were harvested from two orchards in 'Andong' and 'Youngyang' areas at commercial maturity and grouped by fruit weight. Average number of seeds and seed weight were 8.9 and 0.64 g in 'Andong' orchard, while 6.3 and 0.47 g in 'Youngyang' orchard, respectively. When pooled data from the both orchards were analyzed, correlation of fruit weight with seed weight was significantly positive, whereas that with seed number was not significant. Fruit shape index determined by length/diameter ratio was positively correlated with fruit weight, while relationship of the shape index with seed number or with seed weight was not significant. Asymmetry index tended to be low in apples from the 'Andong' orchard in which higher seed numbers and seed weight were observed. The asymmetry index showed highly negative correlations with seed numbers and with seed weight.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of four-year-old seedling cactus of potted Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum', A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', and A. myriostigma 'Nudum'. Plant height and width of Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum' and A. asterias 'Super Kabuto' was 5.3 to 5.5 cm, and 2.5 cm. However, plant height and width of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' was 7.6 cm and 5.6 cm as divided into 8 sections of body. In A. asterias 'Nudum', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 37.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 43.0. In A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 22.5% and the number of seeds in a pod was 26.2. However, the mean seeded pod of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' from April to September was 32.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 57.4. Especially, the seeded pod and the number of seeds in a pod of A. asterias 'Nudum' in July was the highest, 72.0% and 66.0. The sib crossing obtained much more seeded pods and the number of seeds per pod than that of selfing in the Astrophytum. The self crossing was formed from 9.0 to 20.0% of seeded pod, and 12.0 to 16.0 seeds in a pod. However, sib crossing was formed 60.0% seeded pod and 68.0 seeds in a pod on July of A. myriostigma 'Nudum'.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the ecological and phenological responses of bean under global warming situation, we investigated leafing and flowering phenomena and growth traits of Baktae and Seomoktae in control plot (ambient $CO_2$ concentration and temperature) and warmed plot (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and increased temperature than control) in green house. Average $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were set 540 ppm in treatment and higher $2.2^{\circ}C$ in treatment than control. The appearance of leaf unfolding and the initiation of blooming and fruit maturing in Seomoktae were late in treatment than control. In case of Baktae, the number of total pods and seeds per plant in treatment was fewer than that in control. For Seomoktae, the number of total pods per plant and weight of total seeds per plant were decreased in treatment than in control. Thus, the number of pods and seeds of Baktae declined and the production of Seomoktae was decreased under global warming condition. This result indicates that site selection and crop yield for cultivating of the bean may be changed into new area due to global warming condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

본 연구는 기존 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치의 제조성능 및 제조 벼 펠렛종자 품질향상을 위하여 펠렛재료 공급부, 성형부, 펠렛종자 배출부를 개선 설계 제작하여 그 성능과 제조 벼 펠렛종자 특성을 구명함으로써 직파용 벼 펠렛종자 대량생산을 위한 제조장치 개발의 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였으며 그 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 펠렛재료의 일정한 공급과 펠렛재료가 성형 홈으로부터의 이탈하는 것을 줄이고, 펠렛종자의 완전한 배출이 가능하도록 한 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치를 설계·제작하였으며, 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치를 상토 종자혼합비, 성형롤의 회전속도에 따라 실험한 결과 벼 펠렛종자 제조 능력은 성능 개선 전의 펠렛종자 제조장치에 비하언 약 1.7배 향상된 제조능력을 보였으며, 성형률은 최대 약 89 %로 나타나 개선 전의 71%에 비해 18 %정도 성형률이 향상되었다. 그러나, 벼 종자손실률은 약 24% ∼ 49%로 거의 비슷한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 제조된 벼 펠렛종자의 특성을 분석한 결과 펠렛종자의 구형률은 99.1%로 거의 구형으로 제조됨을 알 수 있었으며, 무게는 제조 직후에는 약 1.70 g, 완전 건조 후에는 1.31 g으로 나타났고, 직경은 약 12.03 mm에서 건조 후 11.53 mm로 축소되었다. 개선 전에 비해 직경과 무게가 약간씩 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 재선된 제조장치에서 펠렛재료가 성형롤의 성형 홈에 압축 공급되고, 펠렛재료의 손실도 적었기 때문으로 판단된다. 제조된 한 개의 벼 펠렛종자 내에 포함된 완전 벼 종자의 개수는 상토 종자혼합비가 커질수록 성형롤의 회전속도가 낮을수록 많아지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 모두 펠렛종자 당 평균 약 3 개 이상의 완전 벼 종자를 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 개선 전에 비하여 펠렛종자 내에 포함된 평균 완전 종자수도 증가하였으며, 3개 이상 완전 종자를 포함한 펠렛종자의 비율도 증가하여 유압에 의한 펠렛재료 공급과 성형롤의 개선효과가 있었던 것으로 보인다. 음지 건조 후 벼 펠렛종자의 압축강도는 약 132 N ∼ 152 N으로 조사되었으며, 개선전에 비하면, 약 30 %가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 출아율 실험 결과 상토 종자혼합비 6 : 1, 성형롤 회전속도 7 rpm에서 건답직파는 100%, 답수직파는 97 %의 출아율을 보여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었으나, 그 외의 경우는 거의 90 % 이하의 출아율을 보여 출아율을 높이기 위한 방안이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치의 적정운전 조건은 제조된 벼 펠렛종자의 특성과 출아율을 고려해 볼 때 상토 종자혼합비 6 : 1, 성형롤 회전속도 약 7 rpm으로 판단되며, 이 때 제조능력은 시간당 약 65 Kg(펠렛종자 약 39,000 개), 성형률 약 87 %, 종자손실률은 약 30 %, 펠렛종자 내 평균 종자수는 약 5.5 개, 완전 벼 종자 3개 이상 포함 펠렛종자 비율은 약 100 %가 될 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1996

The yield and quality of black medick seeds(Medicago lupulina L.) produced from different fertilization and flowering position was investigated was investigated to develop the technology of seed vigor maintenance. Number of flowers and seeds, 100 seeds weight, yellow seed percentage, and large seed percentage were higher in seeds produced from stems than in those from branches. Increase of nitrogen resulted in a higher rate of yellow and large seeds as well as 160 seeds weight. Germination rate was the highest (56.9%) in the yellow seeds harvested from stems which were grown with a treatment of lower level of nitrogen and higher level of phosphorus. Malformed seedlings were frequently observed among the seedlings grown from seeds which were produced only with phosphorus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 벼 종자, 상토, 흔합 접착액 등 펠렛재료를 스크류 컨베이어에 의해 회전 성형롤에 공급, 압축성형 배출함으로써 직경 12 mm의 구형 벼 펠렛종자를 제조할 수 있는 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치를 설계·제작하였다. 나. 설계·제작된 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치의 제조능력은 시간 당 약 13,000 개 ∼ 37,000 개인 것으로 나타났고 이때 성형률은 약 61% ∼ 71%였다. 하지만 벼 종자 손실률은 약 17% ∼ 48%로 매우 큰 것으로 나타나, 펠렛재료의 손실과 종자손상을 줄이기 위한 성형롤 및 펠렛재료 공급장치의 개선이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 다. 제조된 펠렛종자의 무게는 제조 직후에는 1.66 g, 완전 건조 후에는 약 1.3 g으로 나타났으며, 제조된 펠렛종자의 직경은 약 12.0 mm에서 건조 후 약 11.2 mm로 축소되었다. 라. 제조된 한 개의 벼 펠렛종자 내 포함된 벼 종자의 개수는 상토와 벼 종자의 혼합비에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 혼합비 6 : 1에서 펠렛종자 당 종자 개수는 4.1 립, 혼합비 7 : 1에서 3.6 립, 그리고 혼합비 8 : 1에서는 3.1 립으로 나타났다. 마. 건조 후 벼 펠렛종자의 압축강도를 측정한 결과 건조기를 이용한 경우는 118 N ∼ 137 N, 음지 건조의 경우는 88 N ∼ 108 N으로 조사되었으며, 대체적으로 운반 및 파종 과정에서의 취급성은 문제가 없을 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cone protective net and the variation of cone and seed characteristics of a unique and rare dwarf stone pine (Pinus pumila Regel) population in Mt. Seorak which is in the southern peripheral of South Korea. Iron protective net (50 mesh, 25 ${\times}$ 25 cm) was effective in reducing birds and rodents damage to conelet, thereby it was possible to safely collect seed genetic resources. Early July was observed to be the most appropriate season to cover conelet with Iron protective net. P. pumila have ovoid-triangle shaped, wingless seeds and indehiscent cones, seeds dissemination is mainly by the hoarding behavior of nutcrackers and rodents. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population, and the mean characteristics of the species were 35.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 1.38, 6.6 g and 39.3 ea in the cone length, cone width, cone index, cone weight and in number of seeds per cone, respectively. Coefficients of variations in seed weight and number of seeds per cone were relatively high (21.7%, 21.5%, respectively) compared to other traits. Based on the correlation analysis between cone characteristics and seed characteristics, the length of cone and seed showed a significant positive correlation with the seed size and the seed weight, but the width and thickness of seed showed a negative correlation with the number of seeds per cone.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2001

The correlation among days to germination, days to flower, days to seed ripening and number of seeds per a pod and their combining were studied in 15 F₁s from the partial six-parent diallel cross in Petunia hybrida. The days to flowering, days to germination and seed number per a pod showed high positive correlation together, however germination percentage and number of seed showed negative correlation with days to ability(SCA) were highly significant for all the characters. The estimates of variance components of SCA were greater than those of GCA for all the characters, showing preponderance of non-additive gene actions for these characters. The line of A and C showed relatively high GCA effect for days to germination and days to flower and the lines of C and G for germination, days to seed ripening and number of seeds per a pod. The crosses of D×G and E×F exhibited high SCA effect for decreasing days to flower and days to germination, and increasing germination percentage and number of seeds per a pod. The broad sense heritability was generally high compared to narrow sense one in the 5 characters. The higher heritability values of both broad and narrow sense were shown in the days to ripening and number of seeds per a pod.