• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

Correlation and similarity of garlic cultivars was analyzed by measuring the composition of twenty amino acids contents in the bulb and callus from twelve garlic cultivars which were collected from Korea and foreign countries. Arginine and asparagine occupied more than 78% of total amino acids both in bulb and callus followed by glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, glycine, histidine and ornithine in order. Based on correlation coefficients of amino acid composition in the bulb, twelve garlic cultivars were classified into three major groups. Danyang, Euiseong, Seosan, Jeju, Mongol and Turkey cultivars belong to group-I, Namdo, China, Mexico and Nepal cultivars are in group-II, and group-III includes Philippine and Daeseo cultivars. Based on amino acid composition in callus, group-I includes Mongol, Euiseong, Danyang and Seosan cultivars, group-II includes Jeju, Daeseo, China and Namdo cultivars, group-III includes Napal, Mexico, Philippine and Turkey cultivars. Composition of amino acid contained in both callus and bulb is a clear standard to identify northern-type garlic cultivars. Especially the composition of amino acids in callus is more distinctive standard of classification between northern and southern type garlic cultivars than that in bulbs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 2017

Waterbirds were surveyed once a week from Oct. 2015 to Apr. 2016 to study the conditions of temperature of staying waterbirds on Wonju-Stream. The population staying on Wonju-Stream was in inverse proportion to the temperature change; birds increased as the temperature went down, and showed the highest peak counts on the 16th(27-Jan) survey, which was the lowest in temperature. decreasing as the temperature rose. The total population of Wonju River water birds increased with increasing freezing rate in proportion to the freezing rate of nearby reservoirs and tributaries. To clarify the relation of the numbers of the birds to temperature fluctuation, the correlation of the first period of wintering (1st~16th) and that of the later period(17th~27th) as well as the whole period was surveyed, based on the 16th which was the lowest in temperature. While most wintering waterbirds showed a negative correlation to the temperature, Egretta garzetta, Phalacrocorax carbo, and Ardea cinerea were positive in temperature relativity. Anas poecilorhyncha was in the highest relation to temperature fluctuation showing (7D/H3A(r=-0.960, P<0.000000001)) at 1-16 correlation(Cor.), with the whole wintering waterbird species showing the maximum correlation at 4D/LA in the every correlation(1~27Cor.(r=-0.942, P<0.01), 1~16Cor.(r=-0.947, P<0.01), 16~27Cor.(r=-0.958, P<0.01)). Each waterbird showed the correlation to the temperature variation(AT, HT, LT) and th duration(1D~7D) depending on the species differently. Most species demonstrated a bigger correlation to the lowest temperature rather than to the highest temperature. During the first half period of the wintering with the temperature falling it showed a high correlation to the temperature at the duration of 4D~7D, While it was for D1~D3 during the next half period.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.730-735
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• 2003

The effect of pathogenicity on trehalose accumulation was studied using six species of entomopathogenic nematodes adapted to either cold or warm temperature conditions. Also, trehalose accumulation was studied by treating nematodes with glycerol or oil at trehalose concentration and mortality of cold temperature $condition(5^{\circ}C)$, S. longicaudum Gl was increased 50% than control. And at trehalose concent and mortality of warm temperature $condition(30^{\circ}C)$, S. glaseri Agr B3 was increased 45%. Intracellular trehalose accumulation was increased with treatment with 20% glycerol or oil. As the final results, the pathogenic duration of nematodes was increased as intracellular trehalose accumulation was increased

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

A tissue biosensor was developed for the continuous determination of $Na^+$ channel blockers. The proposed sensor was applied to the determination of Na+ channel blockers in seaweed. It was found that $Na^+$ channel blocker content displayed seasonal variation; it was high from February to April and decreased thereafter (May - August). From these results the present proposed method may be used for high sensitive determination of $Na^+$ channel blockers contained in the seaweed organisms and environments. Therefore, it may be important to monitor $Na^+$ channel blocker content of seaweed throughout the year.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

In this paper, in order to select specialist butterfly species that inhabit Haneul and Noeul Parks, previously landfill areas, we verified the reciprocal relationships between nectar plants and butterflies. While we will design the butterfly habitats, this paper will provide the foundation data for selecting the plants. The completed survey indicated that there were a total of 5 families, 23 species and 1,129 individuals. Butterflies of the main action were feeding on nectar, and such behavior was 36% of the total actions. Therefore, these parks play an important role in butterflies feeding on nectar. The correlation between butterflies and the nectar plants' color was not significant; Therefore, it is not necessary to consider flower color when choosing plants to attract the butterflies. In addition, butterflies prefer naturalized plants for feeding on nectar. Thus, when creating butterfly habitats, there is no use in attracting the butterflies by classifying the naturalized plants and native plants. However, if some areas that are need to plant native plants such as Inkigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Lespedeza bicolor, Aster koraiensis make use it, there could be taken an advantage to attract the butterflies. According to the algebraic curve model of curve estimation regression analysis, we were able to classify the generalist species and specialist species by regression analysis. As a result, Colias erate, Artogeia rapae and Parnara guttata were classified as generalist species, where as Rapala caerulea, Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus were classified as specialist species. Rapala caerulea prefers hills and forest for its habitat; therefore, it is clearly distinct from Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus which prefer grassland for habitats. These results show that Rapala caerulea is high conservation value in a landfill area where is developing ecological succession from grasslands to wood lands. In conclusion, these research are able to contribute to select the target species and suitable species that consider a singularity between butterflies and nectar plants, when we are creating the butterfly habitats, moreover these research will contribute to maintain a stable habitats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.565-573
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• 2023

In light of the complex interactions between the host animal and its resident gut microbiomes, studies of these microbial communities as a means to improve cattle production are important. This study was conducted to analyze the intestinal microorganisms of Holstein (HT) and Jersey (JS), raised in Korea and to clarify the differences in microbial structures according to cattle species through next-generation sequencing. The alpha-diversity analysis revealed that most species richness and diversity indices were significantly higher in JS than in HT whereas phylogenetic diversity, which is the sum of taxonomic distances, is not significant. Microbial composition analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups differed. In the both groups, a significant correlation was observed among the distribution of several microbes at the family level. In particular, a highly significant correlation (p<0.0001) among a variety of microbial distributions was found in JS. Beta-diversity analyis was to performed to statistically verify whether a difference exists in the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis showed separation between the HT and JS clusters. Meanwhile, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that their microbial structures are significantly different (p<0.0001). LEfSe biomarker analysis was performed to discover the differenc microbial features between the two groups. We found that several microbes, such as Firmicutes, Bacilli, Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadales account for most of the difference in intestinal microbial community structure between the two groups.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2010

To evaluate the biological pollution class, Chl-a concentration and color were examined in 8 stone cultural heritages of Korea from April to June 2007. In the case of Chl-a, it had the range of 16.2 to $136.6{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, and for the range of the colors, it came out from green to black. As the result of the evaluation, the Three storied stone pagoda in Mulgeol-ri and the Three storied stone pagoda in Suta Temple both showed class 3 and the other 6 stone cultural heritages showed the classes above 4, proving severe biological pollution. The total of 32 aerial algae taxa were found in 8 stone cultural heritages. Out of the 32 taxa, 16 taxa were found in Cyanophyceae, 13 taxa in Chlorophyceae, and 3 taxa in Bacillariophyceae. The correlation coefficient showed 0.43, as a result of the correlation analysis between Chl-a and the biological pollution class. Two among all the aerial algae taxa, Trebouxia sp, and Chroococcus bituminosus, showed high correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.65 with Chl-a, in the correlation analysis. High correlation coefficients from 0.54 to 0.65 were shown in a correlation analysis between the biological pollution class and the aerial algae taxa, which are Chroococcus bituminosus, Aphanocapsa grevillei, Xenococcus acervatus, Chlorella vulgaris, and Synechocystis pevalekii.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.777-784
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• 2015

This study verified the correlations between vegetation factors, such as the number of individual species and species diversity, and soil factors in Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) stands in Jeollanam-do. Also, the site environmental factors that affect the annual growth of CO ring width were analyzed. Positive correlations were found between the species diversity index and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), available phosphate, and exchangeable $K^+$ (P<0.01). In addition, strong positive correlations were also found between the number of species that appeared in the study site and CEC, available phosphorus, exchangeable $K^+$ and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ (P<0.01). Tree ring growth showed strong correlations with the nutrient holding capacity and fertility of soil, including available phosphate, exchangeable $K^+$, CEC, and electrical conductivity (P<0.01). The explanatory variables of tree ring growth in CO were composed of exchangeable $K^+$, organic matter content, and soil pH. The regression model had a high level of explanatory power, 74.4%. In this model, the annual growth of CO ring width increased when exchangeable $K^+$ and organic matter content were higher but decreased when soil pH was lower. According to the analysis, it is found that the annual growth of CO ring width was significantly affected by soil fertility, including available phosphate, exchangeable $K^+$, CEC, and electrical conductivity. In addition, the soil fertility of CO stands seems to be significantly affected by the supply of fallen leaves from the understory vegetation of CO.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.535-543
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• 2016

This study has been carried out to evaluate the CBR characteristics and the correlations among every soil properties of National road in Yeongnam region. Total of 480 soil samples were collected from 41 administrative districts for more than 30 years. Their physical and mechanical properties such as natural water content, the Atterberg limit, No. 200 sieve passing, the compaction test and the CBR test results were involved. The soils in Yeongnam region, SM, SC, SP and CL by USCS have predominated approximately 79%. The test results show that average CBR values of gravel and sand range from 12.7% to 20.3% and those of silt and clay range from 4.8% to 7.1%. It means that average CBR values of fine grained soils are less than a half of coarse grained one. Natural water content, No. 200 sieve passing, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of soils are well correlated with CBR values. Especially, it presents that No. 200 sieve passing is the best correlation factor with CBR value. If consider the partition off this region into 6 zones of classified by mother rock, the correlation between CBR value and every soil properties tends to increase. It is suggested that tables, figures and the regressions described in this paper may be available for designers and engineers to understand the characteristics of an embankment materials in Yeongnam region.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of crossbreds between Korean native boars and Landrace sows and their relationships with meat qualities. The data used were weight-age data and carcass data from 131 males and 122 females raised at N.L.R.I in Korea. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight(A), average maturing rate(k), and average inflection point(u) showing maximum growth rate estimated were 179.54${\pm}$6.06kg, 0.3154${\pm}$0.0059, and 5.50${\pm}$0.11 months in females, and 179.84${\pm}$6.33kg, 0.3049${\pm}$0.0061, and 5.24${\pm}$0.13 months in males, respectively. For the growth curve parameters and derived statistics, the phenotypic correlations of maturing rate with gain rate at inflection, mature weight, and inflection point were - .30, - .77, and - .93 in male, and - .31, - .78 and - .94 in female, respectively. Matrure weight was positively correlated to the inflection point as + .89 in both male and female, indicating that late maturing pigs with lower k had longer maturing period with increasing gain rate and reached point of inflection later than early maturing pigs with higher k, and grew to larger mature weight. Backfat thickness and erode fat contents were correlated with mature weight positively in male and negatively in female, and correlated with gain rate at inflection point positively in both male and female, of which coefficients were as high as .42 and .50 in male, respectively.