• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

River corridors facilitate dispersal and movement and prevent local extinction of species. As a result of stream restoration projects, which include installation of waterfront and flood control structures, the number of animals, which rely on river corridor, is decreasing. For the study, factors affecting fish assembly were extracted by a species distribution model with the fish data collected from the Seom River in Hoengseong County and City of Wonju, Ganwon Province, Korea between March to October 2013. The riparian connectivity was assessed using species richness and rarity. According to result of the field survey, there were 38 species and 7,061 individuals for fish. The analysis suggests the following. Firstly, factors affecting fish richness in species distribution model results are shown to be velocity, riffle, riparian width, and water width. The accuracy of the model proves to be suitable with the correlation coefficient of 0.83 and MAPE of 19.2%. Secondly, the low rarity area is shown to be straight streams in Jeon river near to Hongseong County and the high rarity area to be streams with large width, existing alluvial area at channel junction between Jeon river and Seom river. Thirdly, according to connectivity results, areas where weirs are installed or riparian buffer area is removed showed low connectivity. The areas where farmland near riparian and forest areas showed high connectivity. The results of this study can be utilized to improve current facilities and enhance connectivity as a restoration guide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok from May to September in 2008 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M school under the purpose of furnishing basic materials for rational and scientific forest management. Total of one hundred five study sites (quadrats) was investigated in the area. Quercus mongolica community group was divided into 5 communities such as Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata community, Salix gracilistyla community, Pinus koraiensis community and Larix kaempferi community. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community was subdivided into Rhododendron micranthum group, Quercus variabilis group and Pinus densiflora for. erecta typical group. Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata community also into Ligularia fischeri group, Deutzia glabrata group (into Juglans mandshurica subgroup, Prunus maackii subgroup and Callicarpa japonica subgroup). Accordingly, the vegetation of the study areas could be described as 1 community group, 5 communities, 5 groups, and 3 subgroups and as 10 units in total. Classified vegetation units were highly correlated with altitude and topography. According the analysis of interspecific association, it was shown as three types which were coincident with differential species and character species on the constancy table.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2000

본연구는 울릉도의 성인봉과 태하령 지역의 산림 식생을 대상으로 199년 7-8월에 식생조사와 토양조사에 의한 너도밤나무 군락의 임분구조 및 DCCA ordination을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 울릉도 산림의 중요치를 각 군락별로 살펴보면 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락에서 중요치가 높은 종은 너도밤나무, 우산고로쇠, 마가목, 섬단풍, 섬벚나무 등의 순으로 너도 밤나무-일색고사리 군락은 우산고로쇠 너도밤나무, 마가목 층층나무, 등수국 등의 순으로 나타났다 그리고 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃 군락에서 중요치가 높은 종은 너도밤나무 우산고로쇠 등수국 마가목 음나무등의 순으로 솔송나무-섬잣나무 군락은 섬잣나무, 너도밤나무, 솔송나무, 회솔나무, 섬피나무 등의 순으로 나타났다. 2. DCCA ordination에 의하면 산림군락과 환경요인과의 상관관계는 다음과 같다 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락은 해발고가 높고 네 군락 중 토양수분이나 전절소 유기물 등이 많은 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 너도밤나무-일색고사리 군락은 해발고가 다른 군집보다 높고 토양수분이나 전질소, 유기물 등이 많아 너도밤나무-섬조릿대 군락과 매우 유사한 입지환경을 가진 지역이나 토성 중 clay 가 많이 함유된 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃 군락은 해발고가 네 군락 중 중간지역에 분포하고 있으며 토양수분이나 유기물, 전질소 등도 중간인 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 솔송나무-섬잣나무 군락은 해발고가 낮고 토양수분이나 전질소, 유기물이 적고 sand가 많이 함유된 토양에 분포하고 있었다. 3. 울릉도 산림군락으 Shannon의 종다양도 지수는 0.5455~0.8801으로 비교적 낮은 수치를 나타내고 있다. 또한 너도밤나무 군락에서 분포하고 있는 주요 종의 조서열 중요치 곡선을 보면 전체의 기울기가 완만하여 너도밤나무 군락은 안정적이라 할 수 있다.단 생산성 향상을 위한 세포의 고농도 배양에는 조사한 여러 배양 시스템 중에 가장 효율적인 시스템임올 알 수 있었다 하지만 이 시스템 에서 포도당을 낮은 level로 유지할 수 있었으나, 초산의 과도한 축적으로 항체 생산성의 향상은 예상에 비해 크지 않았다. 81%), C18 0(12.38%), C18: 1(25.93%), C22:6(9.95%)이며 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)은 C14 : 0(11.60%), C16 : 0(18.94%), C16: 1(10.42%). C18 : 1(10.89%), C22 : 6(23.44%)이었다. 총필수지방산(總必須脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(20.14{\sim}31.12%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 훨씬 높았고, 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)이 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)보다 높았으며 부위별(部位別)로는 피부(皮部)$(15.18{\sim}15.41%)$가 육질부(肉質部)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 높았다. 또${\omega}3$고도부포화지방산(高度不飽和脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 육질부(肉質部)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$가 피부(皮部)$(6.77{\sim}18.18%)$나 내장부(內臟部)$(8.35{\sim}9.74%)$보다 높았으며, 육질부(肉質部)에서는 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(26.28{\sim}34.18%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$보다 높았다.veral world-wide prediction models. Based on the analysis, we can easilty know

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2010

To obtain the basic data for the conservation and cultivation of major native herb species under the trees, distribution of native herb species, and corrrlations between native herb species and site factors were studied on natural broadleaved forest in Mt. Gariwang and Mt. Jungwang, Pyeunchang-gun. 136 native herb species were distributed in studied area, and the importance percentage of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was proved the highest, 10.8%. The other major herb species were the following oders, Meehania urticifolia, Corydalis remota, Pimpinella brachycarpa, Carex siderosticta, Pseudostellaria palibiniana, Erythronium japonicum, Ligularia fischeri, Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum, Hylomecon vernalis and Astilbe rubra var. rubra. Highly positive correlations were proved Hepatica asiatica and Ainsliaea acerifolia, Pimpinella brachycarpa and Aconitum jaluense subsp. jaluense, Aconitum jaluense subsp. jaluense and Smilacina japonica var. japonica, Meehania urticifolia and Pseudostellaria palibiniana. Seven groups of native herb species were divided by cluster analysis. Preferring site factors for each native herb species were determined. Ligularia fischeri, Ainsliaea acerifolia, Parasenecio auriculata var. matsumurana, Erythronium japonicum and Pimpinella brachycarpa were distributed mainly on the higher sites, Ligularia fischeri were ditributed more frequently in deep soil sites. These results might be useful measures in the conservation and cultivation of native edible and medicinal herb species on the forest floor in the natual broadleaved forest, Pyeungchang-gun.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2013

The fish fauna and population characteristics of Zacco platypus at the 9 habitat types in the Hongcheon River were investigated from August, 2009 to April, 2010. The collected species during the surveyed period were 21 species belong to 6 families. Korea endemic species were Acheilognathus signifer, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Zacco koreanus, Iksookimia koreensis, Silurus microdorsalis, Liobagrus andersoni, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobuitis interrupta, and Odontobuitis platycephala which showed 61.9% ratio of total species. Dominant species was Z. koreanus, and subdominant species was Z. platypus. Dominant species according to habitat types were Z. platypus(in side channel, substrate type pool, and riffle), Z. koreanus(channel connected pool, run, meander type pool, and rock type pool), M. yaluensis( dam type pool ) and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(channel unconnected pool). Length-weight relationship in the population of Z. platypus was 3.27 in regression coefficient(b). Principal component analysis was classified as 2 groups. Bray-curtis cluster analysis indicated that the channel connected pool and meander type pool showed the most similar values(66.2%), whereas side channel and channel unconnected pool exhibited the most distance values(32.1%).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper minimum viable population of a seed bank for the ecological restoration of pine forest using a seed bank. It examined the germinated soil seed bank from August 2010 to November 2011. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the area and the number of herbaceous species were the highest at 0.686. The results of the regression analysis of four variables including the number of woody species, the number of woody individuals, the number of herbaceous species, and the number of herbaceous individuals using the theory of island biogeography to the minimum viable population in studied plots showed that all four variables were significant with area at the level of 0.05, and R square was 0.583. One function was selected between the number of species and the number of individuals from the canonical correlation analysis, and the function square was 0.824. Both canonical function and squared canonical correlation showed significant at the level of 0.01. The result of study recommended the area size of the minimum viable population in pine forest applied by seed bank to be larger than $64m^2$, the number of species to be over 21, and the number of population to be over 120. It also found that the number of herbaceous species determined the cluster size of the seed bank. Therefore, it is necessary to consider herbaceous species that appear in the seed bank.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of various grain methanolic extracts against UVB-induced photo-aging in human skin fibroblasts. Various grain methanolic extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant compounds and activities. 2,2-Ddiphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ABTS 2,2-azino-bris-(3-ethylbenzoth iazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation scavenging activities have been used to measure the relative antioxidant activities of extracts from grains. The content of total polyphenolics in the extracts were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Human skin fibroblast (Hs68) cells were pretreated with various grain methanolic extracts ($25{\mu}g/mL$). Skin toxicity was simulated by exposing the cells to UVB ($30mJ/cm^2$) irradiation. In response to the UVB-irradiation, an increased amount of matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) release was observed, whereas pretreatment of various grain methanolic extracts significantly inhibited the production of MMP-1 in Hs68 cells. We also found that pretreatment of the extracts significantly decreased UVB-induced reactive oxygen species and significantly increased total collagen content in Hs68 cells. These results provide that grains could be regarded as a potential ingredient in natural cosmetics, used for UVB protection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1988

Several agronomic characters, feed value, and mineral uptake of two corn hybrids infected by different degrees of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were studied at the south-eastern part of RBSDV prevalent areas in Korea. Although both hybrids were infected with RBSDV by 100%. culm length of Suweon 19 was more severely reduced than that of Jinjuok and there were positive correlations between culm length and top dry weight of individual plants. The reduced culm length was largely due to the shortened length of upper five internodes in both hybrids and also due to the reduced number of internodes in Jinjuok. As culm length reduced, percent ear-bearing plants, average ear weight, and number of kernels per ear reduced significantly in both hybrids. The kernel weight of Suweon 19 decreased with reduced culm length, but that of Jinjuok was similar among the different culm lengths. However, as culm length decreased, crude protein and fiber in whole plants and N, P, K, Mg in culm ＋ leaf sheath increased, but nitrogen free extract in whole plant decreased. And crude fat in whole plant and N, P, K, Mg concentrations in leaf blades and ear were similar among the culm lengths.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Proximate composition, cholesterol (CHOL) and $\alpha-tocopherol$ ($\alpha-Toc$) content of seventy-two species of fish muscle (sea water fish, 59 species; fresh water fish, 13 species), which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea ( Nam-Hae) and caught Kyeongho river, Sancheong, Korea, were determined. Lipid content was ranked from $0.53\%$ to $20.4\%$ and was high in the following order; mid-surface dwelling and migratory fish ($6.09{\pm}4.25\%$) > fresh water fish ($4.40{\pm}5.90\%$) > coastal and reep dwelling fish ($3.41{\pm}2.68\%$) > demersal fish ($2.12{\pm}2.41\%$). There was a negative correlation between the lipid and moisture content in all fish groups (p< 0.001). Protein was approximately $17\~18\%$ in all fish group, and no correlation was between the protein and moisture content in all but the demersal fish, which there was a negative correlation between both contents. Ash content was almost constant in all fish, accounting for $1\~2\%$, Cholesterol (CHOL) content was shown a great difference according to the fish species from 6.7 mg/100 g muscle (grass fish) to 249 mg/100 g (eel) and there was a positive correlation between the lipid and CHOL content. $\alpha-Toc$ content was less than 3 mg/100 g muscle in all fish, except that of eel (4.1 mg/100 g) and was relatively rich in the fish species contained a large amount of lipid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1104-1110
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• 2007

The number of investigated fish collected from the Andong and the Imha reservoir were 2,540 individuals 20 species belonging to 7 families, 850 individuals 11 species belonging to 4 families respectively from May 2005 to March 2006. The total number of the common 3 species individuals investigated caught from the Andong reservoir and the Imha reservoir were 486 individuals and 124 individuals respectively. The investigated individuals is similar(${\pm}2.5$ mm) to 171 individuals make a comparative study. The Opsariichthys uncirostris, Culter brevicauda, Hemiculter eigenmanni of length-weight relationship were TW = $0.00007TL^{3.0543}$, TW = $0.0000009TL^{3.3654}$, TW = $0.00000^{3.3872}$ in the Andong reservoir and TW = $0.00002TL^{2.8493}$, TW = $0.00001TL^{2.8744}$, TW = $0.000004TL^{3.1082}$ in the Imha reservoir respectively. The Condition factor(K) of the Andong reservoir showed the positive slopes in all three species and to be in a good nutrition condition; where as the condition factor(K) of the Imha reservoir showed the negative slopes in two species except in H. eigenmanni and appeared to be in a little bad nutrition condition. Relative condition factor(Kn) indicating that O. uncirostris and C. brevicauda in Andong reservoir is more rotund than ones of Imha reservoir but H. eigenmanni in the Imha reservoir is more rotund than the ones of the Andong reservoir.